There are many factors that affect people's physical and mental development, but the most important ones are genetic quality, social environment, school education and personal subjective initiative. These four factors are interrelated and intertwined, which work together to promote or restrict the process and quality of human development from different aspects.

(A) Genetic quality: the material premise of human development

Genetic quality provides possibilities for people's physical and mental development. Genetic quality refers to the anatomical and physiological characteristics that people inherit from their ancestors, mainly the characteristics of the morphology, structure, sensory organs and nervous system of organisms. First of all, human development always needs to obtain physiological tissue and certain vitality through genetic means. Without this premise, any development is impossible. Secondly, the characteristics of genetic quality provide possibilities for human development on the one hand, and restrict the process and stage of human physical and mental development on the other. The gradual maturity of human genetic quality provides possibilities and limitations for the appearance of children's physical and mental development characteristics at a certain age. The research on children's psychology proves that children's thinking is related to the weight of their brains, brain waves and the development of cranial nerve structures. For example, the development of human average brain weight is 390g at newborn, 660g at 8-9 months, 990-10 at 2-3 years old and1350g at 9 years old, which is consistent with children's intellectual development at these ages. Third, there are individual differences in genetic quality, which provide different physiological basis for the differences in physical and mental development. The difference of genetic quality restricts people's physical and mental development. For example, different types of higher nervous activity in human brain will affect the development of human talent. Because of the different characteristics of intensity, balance and flexibility in the process of higher nervous activity's excitement and inhibition, people have different temperament and personality. Fourth, although genetic quality plays an important role in people's development, it can't play a decisive role, but can only be transformed into reality under the influence of certain environment and education. For example, people's knowledge, talent, thoughts, opinions and hobbies are all formed under the influence of acquired environment and education. If we leave the acquired environment and education, the development endowed by heredity may not become a reality. In addition, genetic quality itself will change with the changes of environment and human practice. Under normal circumstances, genes are stable, but they also have great mutation potential. In a word, genetic factors are the material premise of human physical and mental development. Without this premise, it is impossible, but its role cannot be exaggerated. The genetic determinism proposed by Gao Erdun and Hall is wrong.