education department
Different schools may have different points in the branches of education. We take the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard University as examples to analyze, and applicants can choose the branches and directions they are interested in. First of all, the College of Education of the University of Pennsylvania has the following eight branches:
Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development (Applied Psychology and Human Development)
Department of Education, Culture and Society (Education, Culture and Sociology)
Department of Educational Linguistics (Educational Linguistics)
Education Policy Department (Education Policy)
Department of Higher Education (Higher Education)
Quantitative methods department (quantitative research methods)
Reading/Writing/Literacy Class (Reading/Writing/Reading and Writing)
Teaching and leadership department (teaching and leadership)
Under each branch, there will be several directions, namely:
1. Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development (Applied Psychology and Human Development)
Interdisciplinary research on human development
Interdisciplinary research on human development.
School and mental health consultation management project
School and psychological counseling management project
Counseling and mental health services (Pennsylvania Counseling Certification,
Master of Science, Master of Philosophy) counseling and mental health services.
2. Department of Education, Culture and Society (Education, Culture and Sociology)
Education, Culture and Society (PhD)
Education, Culture and Society (Master of Science)
International Education Development Program (IEDP) (Master of Science)
3. Educational Linguistics Division (Educational Linguistics)
Educational linguistics (Ph.D.)
TESOL-Teaching English to speakers of other languages (Master's degree)
TESOL: English Foreign Language Teaching
Cross-cultural communication (Master of Science)
4. Ministry of Education Policy (Education Policy)
Education policy (doctorate, master's degree)
5. Department of Higher Education (Higher Education)
Higher Education (Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Education, Master of Science)
Executive doctorate in higher education management
6. Quantitative Methods Department (Quantitative Research Methods)
Policy research, evaluation and measurement (doctor of philosophy,
Policy research, evaluation and testing.
Statistics, measurement, evaluation and research technology (SMART)
Statistics, testing, evaluation and research techniques
7. Reading/Writing/Literacy Class (Reading/Writing/Reading and Writing)
Reading/writing/reading and writing (doctor, doctor of education, master, reading expert
Certification)
Language and Reading and Writing (Master) Language and Reading and Writing.
8. Teaching and Leadership Department (Teaching and Leadership)
Teaching, learning and leadership (Master of Science).
Teaching, learning and teacher education (doctor, doctor of education).
Education leaders. D) educational leadership
School leaders (master's degree, principal certification)
Study science and technology (master's degree)
Teacher education plan (master's education, primary school and junior high school; assistant
Certification, undergraduate minor)
In addition to these major branches and directions of education, the University of Pennsylvania has some other programs, which are not listed here. Let's take a look at Harvard University's School of Education, which offers a master's degree in education.
Education, Ed. M) Major in the following fields:
Educational art (educational art)
Education policy and management (education policy and management)
Higher education (higher education)
Human development and psychology (human development and psychology)
International education policy (IEP)
Language and literacy (language and literacy)
Learning and teaching (learning and teaching)
Mind, brain and education (heart, brain and education)
CAS (Risk Prevention Technology/Continuing Learning Certificate Consultation) in Preventive Science and Practice/Consultation
School leaders (school leaders)
Special research (special research)
Teacher education plan (teacher education)
Technology, innovation and education (technology, innovation and education)
Judging from the professional settings of these two schools, there are some similarities and differences. By extension, although each school has different educational specialties, such as Columbia University, which is quite rich in specialties (see the list of educational branches of Columbia University attached to the chapter on Education for details), they are quite similar. Generally speaking, from a big perspective, we can divide pedagogy into the following three aspects:
1. Education
Education administration/management
Higher education administration/management
Research on Curriculum Design
Educational technology (intersects with CS, some computer sciences have this direction, but there are more requirements for applicants.
Need basic computer courses)
other
2. Teachers
literature
TESOL (the intersection of linguistics and linguistics, many of which are under linguistics, called applied linguistics)
education in the early childhood
Special needs education
other
3. Human development
Educational psychology (crossing with psychology)
Child psychology child research/child psychology
Education consultation education consultation
The intersection of education policy and MPP (Master of Public Policy),
Many schools are protected by public policies.
International education develops international education.
Development, such as the University of Pennsylvania has a similar major (International Education Development Program).
(IEDP) (M.S.Ed)), in addition, new york University has a similar major.
There are also some directions in family services, such as marriage and family therapy (for example, Columbia University attached below has opened this direction: family and family.
Community education)
other
Among these three categories, the first type of education is a relatively macro concept. To be a good educator, you must first be educated and have the opportunity to receive education. This education is to teach us how to do a good job in education and how to give back to society. Education has always been a hot topic, and both the China administration and the American administration have put a lot of energy into how to run education well. Only in this way can students adapt to high speed after receiving education.
The second kind of teacher, as its name implies, is to train teachers, just like most normal schools in China, to train teachers of all grades and disciplines.
The difference from China's pedagogy major lies in the third category, namely, the direction of human development. In China, the school has a syllabus (but not in the United States, so teachers have strong autonomy, and teachers can completely follow the students in teaching); In China, the state dominates the education policy, so we don't need to study it. Therefore, when students in China apply, there are relatively more people in the first category (education) and the second category (teachers), while there are relatively more applicants in the third category, educational psychology and international education development. The reason for the large number of applicants for educational psychology is that some students who study psychology turn to apply for educational psychology (because psychology is difficult to apply for).
Classification of educational degrees
From the degree point of view, pedagogy is a discipline with more degrees, second only to business majors, which can be roughly divided into three directions:
1. Non-professional education (Master, Master, Doctor: Master of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor)
2. Vocational education (Medicine: Master of Education)
3. Secondary vocational education (Doctor of Education)
The difference between the first category and the second category is that MEd generally takes a license (teacher qualification certificate); The third category is a three-year professional doctorate, which is similar to MD (Doctor of Medicine) and PharmD* (Doctor of Pharmacy) to some extent. It's a degree for people with certain work experience. After graduation, most of these people enter universities (such as management positions such as dean, director or principal), or enter high schools, junior high schools and primary schools. Generally speaking, the degrees offered by schools are similar.
EdD is only available to leaders or students majoring in higher education.
*PharmD is an undergraduate degree in a sense, not a normal postgraduate degree. Slightly different from MD and EduD, please note.
Pedagogical application requirements
Apply for GRE*
TOEFL: Pedagogy has higher requirements for language. Take TOEFL iBT as an example, most of the top
100 The requirements of schools are all above 100, which is also a common phenomenon of liberal arts majors.
Provide GPA
PS/Essay: Some schools require Essay, but most require PS.
Writing sample: Many students applying for PhD in Education need to provide writing.
Sample (usually 10-20 pages), some students applying for master's degree also need to provide it, especially those applying for MED major, and some students need to write a paper (such as Georgetown).
TESOL major), which proves the applicant's writing ability, and others are all real papers written before.
* In some schools, education management is simply a branch of MBA or business school. In this case, most schools need students to provide GMAT scores.
Education and employment
As we all know, teachers are a major employment channel for education majors. Kindergarten teachers, primary school teachers, junior high school teachers, senior high school teachers and university teachers, who accompany us all the way, are a road to employment for students majoring in education. In addition, of course, it is not only teachers who study education, but also other professions, such as managers (such as the stern and unsmiling middle school principal in our memory and four-year university). This is a possible career for education students in the future.
Now we can learn from many channels that the United States is cutting its education budget, which may not be good news for students who want to study pedagogy temporarily, but in the long run, the employment prospects of pedagogy in the United States are still very good. Even recently, according to statistics, until 20 18, the vacancy of teachers was on the rise in preschool education, primary education and secondary education. This may be because many teachers are going to retire soon. On the other hand, the American government and schools are improving the quality of education, so we need more and better teachers, especially some foreign language teachers, math and science teachers and some bilingual teachers.
This is a bright side of American employment. However, as international students, it is difficult for us to reach the level of our mother tongue in English. Therefore, students who are interested in American employment, even those who step on the podium, suggest training their English level to the extreme to win a place for their employment in the United States.
For those who have no intention of going to work in the United States, to study for a master's degree in education and return to work, teachers, managers, counselors and other employment fields can be selected at present. Teachers can generally teach at the K 12 stage. If your ambition is to be a teacher in a university, you should continue to study for a doctorate, because in reality, the starting point for most universities to recruit teachers is a doctorate; In addition, many graduate students majoring in education choose enterprises, such as some training institutions as teachers or managers.
Education in China is in a transitional period, and our college of education basically focuses on teacher education, while the development of the other two directions is still in its infancy. There will be many opportunities at this initial stage. For example, with the gradual decrease of college entrance examination candidates in China, our education consulting industry will become more and more developed. Students and parents also pay more and more attention to educational consultation. During the 20 12 college entrance examination season, voluntary services for college entrance examination have appeared, with service prices ranging from 5,000 to 20,000. It can be predicted that more and more students will need this kind of service in the future, which actually involves the big branch of education (tutoring). At the same time, we also realize that education is not only to teach students knowledge, but also to do real moral education, which involves human development.