Promote the reform of vocational education management system, and establish and gradually improve the vocational education management system in the State Council with leadership, hierarchical management, local priority, overall planning by the government and social participation.
Under the leadership of the State Council, the system of inter-ministerial joint meeting of vocational education was established to study and solve major problems in vocational education. The education administrative department of the State Council is responsible for the overall planning, comprehensive coordination and macro management of vocational education, and the labor and social security department and other relevant departments are responsible for the relevant work of vocational education within their respective responsibilities.
The main responsibility for developing vocational education lies with local authorities. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the leadership and overall coordination of vocational education within their respective administrative areas, formulate policies and measures to promote the development of vocational education in light of local economic construction and social development, and study and solve practical problems in their work; The education administrative departments at all levels shall, jointly with the relevant departments of labor and social security, manage the education of relevant vocational schools within their respective administrative areas. It is necessary to strictly examine and approve the procedures according to law and standardize the school-running behavior of vocational schools and training institutions.
4. Strengthen the responsibility of the people's government at the city (prefecture) level to coordinate the development of vocational education. The people's governments at the city (prefecture) level shall make overall plans to promote the coordinated development of vocational education and other types of education within their respective administrative areas, establish a mechanism for raising funds for vocational education through multiple channels, and organize and mobilize social forces to hold vocational education; It is necessary to integrate and make full use of existing vocational education resources, break the boundaries between departments and schools, actively play the role of market mechanism, improve the efficiency of running schools, optimize the layout structure of vocational schools, and prevent the loss of vocational education resources. Secondary and higher vocational schools belonging to provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) can be jointly established and managed by relevant provincial departments and the cities (prefectures) where the vocational schools are located, so as to enhance the function of serving the regional economy.
5. Deepen the reform of the school-running system of vocational education, and form a diversified school-running pattern led by the government, supported by enterprises, fully played by industries and actively participated by social forces.
Local people's governments at or above the county level shall play a leading role in the development of vocational education, focusing on running vocational schools and vocational training institutions with backbone and demonstration functions, and organizing, guiding and supporting enterprises, industries and social forces to set up vocational schools and vocational training institutions. It is necessary to standardize the names of secondary and higher vocational schools and reflect their professional characteristics. All kinds of vocational schools that implement high school education should be standardized as ×× vocational and technical schools, and junior colleges and adult colleges should be gradually standardized as ×× vocational and technical colleges.
We should fully rely on enterprises to hold vocational education. Enterprises should set up vocational schools and vocational training institutions according to actual needs, strengthen the function of independent training, strengthen the education and training of workers, especially front-line workers and demobilized workers, form an on-the-job and rotation training system for workers, and implement a policy of unifying training, assessment, use and treatment. Enterprises should strengthen cooperation with vocational schools, implement various forms of joint education, carry out "order" training, actively provide part-time teachers, practice places and equipment for vocational schools, and also establish research and development institutions and experimental centers in vocational schools. Conditional large enterprises can set up vocational and technical colleges alone or jointly with institutions of higher learning. Small and medium-sized enterprises should rely on vocational schools and vocational training institutions to carry out staff training and reserve staff training. Vocational schools and vocational training institutions run by enterprises should actively carry out vocational education and training for the society.
The competent department of industry should coordinate and guide the vocational education in the industry and continue to run vocational schools and training institutions well. Entrusted by the competent government departments, industry organizations carry out industry human resources forecasting, formulate industry vocational education and training plans, guide industry vocational education, staff training and vocational skill appraisal, participate in the construction of curriculum materials and teacher training of related majors, and also organize vocational schools or vocational training institutions.
Encourage and support the development of private vocational education. Non-profit private vocational schools enjoy relevant preferential policies for holding social welfare undertakings. Local people's governments and other units can take measures such as renting idle state-owned and collective assets to support private vocational schools. Teachers and students in private vocational schools enjoy the same obligations and rights as teachers and students in public vocational schools. Units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to private vocational education shall be commended and rewarded. Encourage public schools to introduce private mechanisms.
Actively introduce foreign high-quality vocational education resources. Encourage foreign organizations and individuals to cooperate with China's vocational education institutions and other social organizations to set up high-level vocational schools or vocational training institutions in accordance with China's laws and school-running qualification requirements. Strive to expand the overseas employment market for vocational school graduates.
6. Expand the autonomy of vocational schools and enhance their ability to run schools and develop independently. It is necessary to ensure that vocational schools enjoy full autonomy in specialty setting, enrollment scale determination, student status management, teacher employment and fund use according to law. Conditional vocational schools can recruit students across regions and run schools jointly with local and off-site vocational schools. Vocational schools should establish advisory committees or councils attended by enterprises, industries and other people from all walks of life to provide advice or participate in decision-making on major issues of the school.