Cognitive orientation of innovative education
The orientation of innovative education can be multidimensional, in which cognitive orientation is a very important aspect. There are many misunderstandings about innovative education in the field of educational practice. Clarifying these vague understandings is of great significance to the practice of innovative education in schools.
-innovation is only a matter for a few talented students. Many teachers think that innovation is a person's advanced wisdom, which ordinary students do not have. In fact, innovation is human nature, and everyone has the potential and tendency to innovate; Innovation is the need of human survival. As long as people live for one day, they can't live without innovation for a moment. The crux of the problem lies in whether our acquired education respects, protects and cultivates this potential, and whether it stimulates, promotes and satisfies this need. "Learn to Live" once pointed out: "Education has both the power to cultivate creative spirit and the power to suppress creative spirit." People's innovative spirit and ability are not entirely determined by innate factors, but also by acquired education factors. Therefore, innovative education should be comprehensive and geared to every student.
-innovation is only a matter of natural science. Many people think that innovation is scientific discovery and technological invention, and only scientific education can cultivate people's innovative spirit and ability. In fact, not only natural science needs innovation, but also social science and humanities, especially in today's increasingly negative effects of science and technology, scientific and technological innovation and humanistic innovation should develop in a balanced way, so that the future society will be both intelligent and emotional. Moreover, even the innovation of natural science can not be separated from the support of social and humanistic ways of thinking. For example, Tan Di 'ao's "philosophy poetry instruction" in Changsha No.9 Middle School is not only a kind of humanistic innovation training, but also a support for the spirit of scientific innovation. Therefore, innovative education should be global and face every subject.
-innovation is only a matter of extracurricular activities. There are also many teachers who think that the task of classroom teaching is to impart knowledge and developing knowledge is an extracurricular activity. In fact, this distinction artificially separates the internal relationship between inheritance and innovation. Innovation is the overall change of the whole educational model, educational system and educational concept, not partial modification or increase or decrease. It should run through classroom teaching, extracurricular activities and daily educational life and become the spiritual feature of all modern education. Local education innovation can't be a real innovative education. Among them, classroom teaching is the main channel of innovative education and the focus of school education reform. Therefore, 6lJ new education is also comprehensive, and it is an overall transformation of the education system.
-Innovation is only a matter of intellectual activity. Others think that innovation is a person's intellectual performance, and high intelligence will inevitably lead to high innovation. This is also a misunderstanding. Innovation is not only an intellectual characteristic, but also a personality characteristic or personality characteristic. It is the concentrated embodiment of a person's comprehensive quality, the embodiment of a person's self-transcendence and self-development, and the embodiment of a person's full realization of potential and value. When people's intelligence levels are equal or unchanged, non-intelligence factors often play a decisive role. Many innovative people are not superior in intelligence, but have outstanding non-intellectual personality characteristics. Simple intellectual activities can only cultivate craftsmen, but not masters. Therefore, innovative education is also comprehensive, and it is an all-round improvement of individual quality of life.
-innovation has only positive effects. Almost all people think that innovation is a "positive" and "good" thing, and people can pursue it heartily. Everyone knows that innovation is a double-edged sword, which can be an angel or a devil. It can not only benefit mankind, but also bring disaster to mankind. Are there any cases of advanced crimes in modern society that are not the result of innovation? Innovation is just a tool, not the direction itself. Innovation cannot be the goal alone, and innovative education cannot replace the whole of modern education. It must be integrated with moral education, cultivate people's sympathy and sense of responsibility, and lead people's innovative spirit and ability to benefit mankind. Therefore, innovative education has a dual nature, and modern education must be committed to mutual integration, promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages.
The goal orientation of innovative education
Basic education is an education to prepare individuals for entering the next institution of higher learning, developing their own quality and going to the society in the future. Innovative education in the basic education stage should also lay the foundation for students' sustainable innovation in the future. So, what innovative quality competitions with deep foundation and wide mobility are there? This is also the first question to be answered in the orientation of innovative education. Generally speaking, laying the foundation for continuous innovation mainly includes two aspects: one is to lay the foundation for innovative spirit, and the other is to lay the foundation for innovative ability.
Innovative spirit is the characteristic of innovative personality, and it is the internal attitude and orientation of subject innovation, including innovative consciousness, innovative emotion and innovative will.
-innovative consciousness. Innovative consciousness is the internal psychological tendency of individuals to pursue new knowledge. Once this tendency is stabilized, it will become a personal spirit and culture. Empirical research shows that people with innovative consciousness are often dissatisfied with reality and have a strong critical attitude; Not satisfied with yourself, with persistent spirit of transcendence; Not satisfied with the past, have positive reflection ability; Not satisfied with the results, have a strong pioneering spirit; Not afraid of difficulties, adventurous and dedicated; Not afraid of change, with the spirit of seeking truth; Not afraid of challenges, have the spirit of competition and cooperation; Have a strong curiosity, a strong thirst for knowledge, rich imagination and extensive interests. These qualities should be highly valued in basic education.
-innovative mood. Innovative emotion is an individual's inner psychological experience of pursuing new knowledge, and the continuous strengthening of this experience will be transformed into an individual's motivation and ideal. Empirical research also shows that people with innovative emotions tend to have delicate and rich emotions, and small changes in the outside world can cause strong inner experiences; Optimistic, open-minded and tolerant attitude towards life, able to maintain a peaceful and relaxed attitude for a long time; Study and work attitude is serious, serious and meticulous, with strong sense of accomplishment and strong work organization; Have compassion and responsibility for all life in the world, and are willing to do their best to improve their living conditions, which should also be given priority in basic education.
-innovative will. The willingness to innovate is an individual's conscious and dynamic state of pursuing new knowledge. If this state is maintained for a long time, it will become a personal habit and character. Empirical research shows that people with innovative will can often eliminate all kinds of external interference and concentrate on their activities for a long time; Hard-working, decisive, self-demanding, strict work requirements; Good at communication and coordination, strong organizational ability and flexibility, willing to change working methods and methods to achieve goals; Have strong independence and self-control, do not give up their opinions easily without sufficient evidence and reasons, and are tolerant of other people's opinions and even mistakes. These qualities should also be formed in the basic education stage.
Innovation ability is the intellectual characteristic of innovation and the activity level and skill of subject innovation, which includes two aspects: innovative thinking and innovative activities.
-innovative thinking. Innovative thinking is a novel, unique and flexible way for individuals to solve problems at the conceptual level. Innovative thinking is the premise and foundation of innovative practice, and it is impossible without thinking. Empirical research shows that people with innovative thinking are often sensitive and flexible, able to find problems that ordinary people ignore and consider solutions from multiple angles; Deep understanding, novel understanding, insight into the essence of things, creative thinking; Dialectical thinking, seeking truth from facts, rational use of divergence and convergence, logic and intuition, positive and negative thinking, not going to extremes, can grasp the intermediate state of things. These qualities are the focus of thinking training in the basic education stage.
-Innovative activities. Innovation activity is a novel, unique and flexible method to solve problems in practice. Innovative activities are the development and destination of innovative thinking, and thinking that cannot stand the test of practice is worthless. The empirical study also shows that people with innovative activities often have rich practical experience or bumpy life experience, and are tested by a large number of practical problems; Willing to design and produce, with a strong desire to turn ideas or theories into reality; Not bound by ready-made frames, constantly trying and making mistakes, constantly reflecting and constantly correcting; Willing to participate in various activities, willing to seek novelty and novelty, and willing to create new things. These are also the innovative quality goals that basic education should consider.