Although early childhood has the basic potential to learn and master a language, the ultimate level of language development depends on the influence of the surrounding environment and the acquired learning, exercise and application. The case of "Wolf Child" is well known. Therefore, it is very important to create an environment where children want to speak, dare to speak, like to speak, have the opportunity to speak and get positive response, and have planned and purposeful language training and language learning methods. Therefore, in education, it is necessary to create a colorful living environment for children, broaden their horizons, provide conditions for language development, promote children's thinking development, cultivate children's good language expression skills, and help children get familiar with, understand and speak Mandarin through various aspects of education.
First, master the rules of children's language learning and carry out training and exercise in a planned way.
(A) through direct perception, in the understanding of the surrounding things.
Children's language
Children's language learning should be closely related to the real people, events, nature and social phenomena around them. Through the direct perception of various senses, listen, see, touch, touch, taste, smell and so on. We can acquire all the knowledge around us and then develop children's language. The development of language improves children's cognitive ability, and the expansion of cognitive scope and the deepening of content enrich children's language. Therefore, we should pay attention to the combination of language communication ability and cognitive ability. According to the characteristics of children's intuitive perception, create conditions for children, enrich life content, understand the world in practice and develop children's language. In winter, let children pick up snowflakes, observe the shape of snowflakes and see the snow scene. Children can observe that snowflakes have six petals, each falling beautifully. Then you can ask your child some enlightening questions: "What is snow like?" Some children said, "Like snow-white cotton." Some said, "Like sugar." Some said, "Like a thick blanket." "Like salt." In spring, observe the green wheat seedlings; In summer, enjoy the lotus; In autumn, pick leaves. This not only enriches children's vocabulary, but also improves children's language expression ability. In the planting area, sugar children loosen the soil, select seeds, plant and transplant ... When doing every job, they talk while doing it, let the children know what this job is called and enrich their vocabulary accordingly. Teachers choose several kinds of seeds for children to observe and compare their similarities and differences. Children will say, "Some are like eyes, and some are like orange petals ..." When seedlings appear, children will observe more carefully and be more interested. Planting and caring for flowers and plants not only enriches knowledge, but also cultivates sentiment, so that children can fully feel the beauty of nature and its various changes. Children's life is rich in content and open-minded. Let them use their hands, brains and mouths to enrich their knowledge and develop their language in their direct perception.
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Nbsp(2) through all aspects of education, expand children's experience, develop children's thinking ability and provide conditions for language development.
The content of kindergarten is comprehensive and enlightening, which can be divided into five fields, such as health, language, society, science and art, and can also be divided into other different fields. The contents of these three fields permeate each other and promote the development of children's emotions, attitudes, abilities and skills from different angles. Language is an important tool to connect all subjects, and the teaching content of all subjects is inseparable from language, which in turn promotes the development of children's behavior, thinking and ability. Language and thinking are closely related. Without language, thinking cannot be carried out, and the result of thinking activities must be expressed in language. The development of children's thinking ability and language ability is synchronous, and the process of children mastering language is also the process of thinking development; The development of thinking promotes the development of language conception, logic and language expression.
Children recite some children's songs, poems, stories and other literary works, but how to use and develop children's creative thinking is not considered much. In the process of preschool education, we should take various forms to develop children's observation, memory, imagination and thinking ability. When cultivating children's basic ability to use language communication, we should not only let children have the ability to imitate language, but also learn to draw inferences from others. They will fill in the original language examples and express new meanings, so as to have oral expression ability. For example, when the teacher was teaching "I make clothes for the moon", a child asked "Why doesn't the moon have clothes?" In order to cultivate children's curiosity, they said, "Yes! Why? " The teacher advised the children to observe the changes of the moon every night. After a period of observation, the teacher asked the children to talk about how the moon changed. The child said, "Sometimes it looks like a small hook, sometimes it looks like a boat, and sometimes it looks like a semicircle ... because it is always changing, there is no way to make clothes suitable for it." In actual observation,
Children draw conclusions and enrich their knowledge. In practice, children use their hands and brains to develop their attention, observation, analysis, comparison and judgment. Educate children to keep positive emotions about things around them, so that children are thirsty for knowledge, love to think, find problems, ask questions, and make correct judgments and generalizations from the relationship between things, thus developing children's cognitive ability and language ability. In addition, in language education activities, we should pay attention to the use of comprehensive educational means to better achieve educational goals. For example, after the story of "Little Tadpole Looking for Mother", the teacher asked the children to make a group of story characters with plasticine and various natural objects: frogs, tadpoles, geese, goldfish, turtles and so on. After doing a good job, let the children demonstrate while talking, which deepened their memory and understanding of the story and mobilized their enthusiasm, creativity and imagination. In language education, let children learn to be active and lively, and develop their creative thinking.
Second, let children see, listen, talk and practice more.
Only when children really learn to speak and express their wishes in correct sentences can they communicate freely with others and better accept the knowledge and experience taught by adults. In education, teachers should purposefully enrich children's life content, increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons and cultivate their various interests. Let them know that there are many unknown things in the vast nature and stimulate children's thirst for knowledge. Guide children to observe carefully, analyze and think carefully, expand and deepen their knowledge and understanding of the surrounding things, and develop their oral expression ability.
(1) Read more books
In the teaching process, teachers should guide children to observe directly in a planned way and give them
Children create more conditions. Use intuitive and vivid methods to stimulate children's interest in learning. For example, before telling children the story of "spring", tell them: "Spring has arrived, and some changes have taken place in trees, weather, people, flowers, grass and small animals." As soon as you see these changes, you will know that spring is coming. Look around and see what happened in spring, and I'll tell you later. "After the children go home, look carefully and look for it. After the teacher finished the story, he asked them, "Besides the changes of trees, grass and small animals in the story, how do you know that spring is coming?" "Children speak actively according to their own observation and judgment and personal experience. The child said, "The swallow flew back; Mother frog gave birth to a little tadpole; Grass slipped out of the soil; Spring is coming, and we can fly kites. "Wait, the child listed many experiences in life, and the child was very interested.
Another example is to teach children the word "colorful" and bring them to the beautiful flower bed to show them what colors flowers have. The child looked and said, "Red, yellow, white …" Let the child count how many colors there are. They counted several kinds while counting, and the teacher told them, "The flowers are really beautiful, and the colors are really beautiful." The children immediately understood the meaning of the word. When they walked to another flower bed, they reflected on themselves: "How beautiful these colorful flowers are!" "
Picture books are children's spiritual food and a favorite literary form. Its vivid and lovely image and bright and beautiful colors are deeply loved by children. If you want to play the role of books, you need specific guidance from teachers and parents. It is not enough to buy books for children, but also to teach them how to read. Children don't understand the meaning of books and can't get good results. If you use the following methods to guide children to read picture books. Teach first
The way for children to read a book is to take a group of pictures, let them look at the numbers first, or arrange them in the order of plot, then find out the main characters in the book, remember their images, observe their actions and imagine what they are doing. Associations are combined into stories. For example, Hedgehog Tree is composed of six paintings. Let the children find each picture in order. After reading (1) and (2) ... Step two, let the children see who is inside. The third step is to show the children what they are doing. What happened? After reading, please tell the story according to your own understanding and imagination. In this way, although children don't know a word, they can see the contents in the picture and speak according to the contents in the picture, which not only enriches their knowledge, but also develops their language expression ability.
(2) Listen more.
Training children to listen attentively is the premise of developing their expressive ability. When children learn a language, they must first learn to listen, listen accurately and understand, and then they can imitate-speak accurately. Storytelling is the basic way to introduce literary works to children. Because children can't read, they are listeners of literary works. To introduce illiterate children into the literary world, we need to find someone to tell them so that they can listen carefully and achieve the purpose of education.
The environment in which children actively create listening can be varied. For example, listen to recorded stories for children and listen to stories told by others; Invite children to talk and listen to each other; Lead children to listen to all kinds of sounds: the sound of musical instruments, the sound of animals … Let children imitate, imagine and say what the sounds they hear seem to say. Let children listen more, so as to develop their ability to listen to the surrounding sounds, develop their hearing organs and strengthen the analysis of the sound structure of language. It is also one of the civilized habits to cultivate children's good listening habits and ask them to listen, understand and listen carefully without interrupting others.
It's kind of a show.
(3) Say more
In order to cultivate children's expressive ability, we should not only cultivate children's listening ability, but also cultivate children's oral ability. It is necessary to create a "speaking" environment for children, practice speaking in speaking, and make use of every opportunity to talk with children in daily life, so that children feel free and willing to speak out. When the child's language is not correct, the teacher should correct it in time.
Teachers should be good at making use of children's scattered time, such as coming to the park, after meals, playing games, leaving the park, and talking with children in a planned and purposeful way. In conversation, teachers and children can communicate easily emotionally, and the relationship can be closer. Children are willing to tell their teachers anything. This has a positive effect on developing children's language ability and forming a correct attitude towards things. When organizing children's collective learning, teachers should pay more attention to stimulating children's enthusiasm for learning and overcome the teaching methods that teachers say children listen. We should also overcome the practice of letting others say yes and not letting others say bad. It doesn't matter if you encourage your child to say something wrong, the teacher will help. Teachers should pay attention to giving every child a chance to "talk". Children learn a language by listening and imitating speaking after listening. Therefore, it is necessary to create a "speaking" environment for children, so that children can practice, learn and learn from speaking.
(4) practice more.
The task of developing children's language expression ability is mainly to cultivate children.
& gt Correct pronunciation, clear articulation, rich vocabulary for children and correct usage. Teach children to speak according to Chinese grammar rules. These contents must be learned and mastered in language practice. This requires children to practice more, practice again and again, and gradually master it. Give children more opportunities to practice and create an environment for more practice. The child's pronunciation is not accurate. Teachers and parents should pay attention to correct and practice in time, so as to master it quickly and speak well. Children often say sentences that do not conform to the language structure, such as: "teacher, I want a book, you little fool." The teacher should correct it and say, "teacher, I want a book of little confused gods." And let the children say it twice. In this way, the child will gradually speak. Another example is "teacher", and children often say "old Xi" and so on. Where children use inappropriate words, the teacher will correct them and let them practice again and again. Children learn languages mainly by imitation, so we need to take great pains to make children practice more.
Third, teach children polite language and cultivate good language habits.
Politeness is a moral criterion for people and a criterion for getting along with others. Politeness includes two aspects: one is polite behavior, and the other is polite language. The combination of the two can give people a kind of humble and civilized, respectful and polite, natural and graceful goodwill. A person's moral cultivation, ideological outlook, cultural level and social identity can all be reflected in his words, intonation and manners. Politeness also reflects a nation's mental state. Therefore, politeness education should start from an early age, and teachers should create conditions and environments for children to use polite language, so that children can use polite language and have good language habits from an early age. Cultivating children's polite words and deeds should start from the following aspects:
Teach children to respect their elders and adults. Ask children to greet people actively, enthusiastically and generously in polite language, and say good morning, hello and goodbye.
Teach children to say "please help me …" when they are in trouble and need help, and say "thank you" when they get help.
Teach children to apologize sincerely when they don't pay attention to influencing others, but when others influence them, they can restrain and understand others and say, "Never mind, never mind."
Teach children not to interrupt or interfere when others are talking; Adults talk to themselves, listen attentively, don't interrupt others, don't leave, don't get bored. When something urgent needs to be discussed in time, you should say hello. When someone asks you a question, you should answer it carefully.
Teach children to have good language habits and speak loudly so that everyone can hear them; The speed should be moderate, neither fast nor slow; The language should be accurate and the words should be clear. Look at each other when you speak, don't look around, don't be careless, and don't swear.
In these civilized and polite words and deeds education, we should always adhere to the principle of "combining positive education with specific behaviors" so that children can intuitively understand the meaning of polite expressions and use them correctly. For example, we teach children to address others in polite language according to different ages and occasions. When you see old people, you know how to address them: "Grandpa, Grandma; When you see people like students, you know how to address them: "Big Brother, Big Sister; When people come to visit and watch the course, they know to ask, "Hello, guests." Wait a minute. Through repeated education, children have mastered many personal nouns, and they will gradually address people rationally.
In addition, it is also a very important way to educate children with literary works, such as stories and poems, and cultivate their "beautiful language". For example, through the poem "Guests Come", children know that when their mother is not at home, guests come. Children should treat guests as warmly and politely as their hosts, pour them a cup of tea and say, "Auntie, please have tea." When the guests leave, they will send them to the door and say "Goodbye, Auntie." Children learn polite words and deeds in written works, and apply them to daily life, and communicate with polite language. This is also the moral fashion of the whole society. All of us should be role models for children, set an example everywhere and speak gently and politely.
In short, when cultivating children's language, we should grasp the reality of each child, master the rules of children's language learning, train and exercise in a planned way, let children watch, listen, speak and practice more, cultivate good language habits and create a good language environment, then children's language will certainly develop healthily.