1. Public-led: established by the government or borrowed funds, belonging to public higher education institutions, such as Tsinghua and Peking University in China. This form of colleges and universities is usually led and managed by the government, with relatively high education quality and teaching level, which has a certain public nature.

2. Private-led: non-public higher education institutions established by individuals or enterprises, such as Zhejiang Gongshang University and Nanjing Audit University in China. This form of colleges and universities is usually dominated by private individuals or enterprises, and the education quality and teaching level are relatively unstable, but some private colleges and universities have higher education level and social influence.

3. Dual-track system: Under certain conditions, some qualified places and schools can adopt public and private forms of running schools, which have certain public nature and certain market-oriented characteristics. For example, some colleges and universities under the construction of "2 1 1 Project", "985 Project" and "Double First-class" in China have adopted the dual-track school-running form.

The expression of diversified forms of running schools

1. Industry-University-Research Cooperation: Institutions of higher learning cooperate with enterprises and scientific research institutions to conduct joint research, technology transfer and personnel training to improve teaching quality and scientific research level.

2. Inter-school cooperation: Inter-school cooperation between higher education institutions, such as co-building research centers, co-offering courses and exchanging teachers, provides students with broader educational resources and learning opportunities.

3. International exchange: Higher education institutions cooperate with foreign universities or organizations, such as setting up overseas study programs and exchanging students or teachers to cultivate talents with international vision and competitiveness.

4. Online education: Higher education institutions use network technology and information technology to provide convenient and flexible learning services for more students by providing online courses and distance teaching.

5. Innovative school-running: Colleges and universities carry out innovative exploration from the aspects of school-running content, mode and management, such as offering new majors, new courses and new degrees, so as to adapt to the changes in the demand for talents in society and industry.