The State Council's decision on the reform and development of basic education clearly stated that it is necessary to "improve the teacher education system, deepen the reform of the personnel system, and vigorously strengthen the construction of primary and secondary school teachers". It is an important task of education reform and development to further improve the teacher education system, deepen the teacher education reform and provide high-quality teacher protection for promoting the reform and development of basic education.
The "Decision" also proposes to "accelerate the construction of a new basic education curriculum system that meets the requirements of quality education", which puts forward new and higher requirements for teachers' quality. A team of high-quality teachers is the key to promoting quality education and implementing the new curriculum system of basic education.
Ma Li, director of the Teacher Department of the Ministry of Education, who is in charge of national teacher education, called on all teachers and teacher educators to have a sense of urgency and mission and act quickly.
The first appearance of the concept of "teacher education"
Q: We noticed that the concept of "teacher education" appeared for the first time in the Decision. What is the relationship between teacher education and the past "teacher education"?
A: The key to promoting quality education is to build a team of high-quality teachers. The improvement of teachers' overall quality and the improvement of each teacher's ability and level of implementing quality education must be achieved through reforming, strengthening and developing teacher education.
"Teacher education" is the general term for teacher training and training. In the past, "normal education" also included teacher training and training, but for a long time, training and training were relatively separated, and there was not enough communication between them, which was easily misunderstood as "normal education" only aimed at teachers' pre-service training. The current "teacher education" is a comprehensive design of teacher training and training under the guidance of lifelong education according to different stages of teacher professional development, which embodies the continuity, development and integration of teacher education.
Teachers are irreplaceable professional occupations.
Q: The problems of teachers' professional development, teachers' specialization and teachers' integration were mentioned earlier. Can you comment on them?
A: Teachers are a specialized profession. Teachers' professionalism is reflected in national academic standards, professional ethics requirements, necessary educational knowledge and ability, strict teacher qualification management and system, etc. This profession should be irreplaceable.
Developed countries attach great importance to the professionalization of teachers. In China, the professional development of teachers is not mature enough. This is because on the one hand, the professionalism of primary and secondary school teachers is not strong enough, and the degree and level of specialization are not high; On the other hand, teachers' labor achievements should be achieved through the improvement of students' knowledge, ability and personality quality, and it is not easy to see the effect of success or failure. In this case, we must reform, strengthen and develop teacher education, promote teachers' professional development, speed up the process of teachers' specialization and improve the level of specialization.
"Teacher education integration" is just to meet the needs of a learning society, guided by the concept of lifelong education. According to the theory of teachers' professional development, the pre-service training, induction training and on-the-job training of teachers are planned and designed as a whole.
Macro-guidance and management should be strengthened in teacher education.
Q: In deepening reform measures, how can we guide all localities to actively promote structural adjustment?
A: During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the state should strengthen the macro guidance and management of teacher education, and further increase the responsibility and overall decision-making power of provinces for teacher education. In accordance with the principle of zoning planning and classified guidance, guide the provinces to actively and steadily promote the adjustment of teacher education structure.
In the poverty-stricken areas where the "two basics" have not been realized, accounting for about/kloc-0.5% of the national population, we will continue to strengthen the construction of normal schools as needed, complete the task of qualified primary and secondary school teachers in compensatory education, vigorously strengthen continuing education, improve the quality of teachers, and relatively stabilize the three-level normal structure.
In rural areas, which account for about 50% of the country and have achieved the "two basics", in the process of consolidating and improving the "two basics", we will actively and steadily promote structural adjustment and basically complete the transition from third-level teachers to second-level teachers. Newly trained primary and junior high school teachers should have a certain proportion of college and undergraduate education. Vigorously strengthen the continuing education of in-service teachers and steadily improve the academic level of in-service primary and secondary school teachers.
In large and medium-sized cities and economically developed areas, which account for about 35% of the national population, it is necessary to speed up the process of structural adjustment and complete the transition from three-level normal schools to two-level normal schools. Through various forms of continuing education, we will accelerate the improvement of the educational level of teachers in primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools, and ensure that teachers' ability and level of implementing quality education are further improved.
The Specific Connotation of Teacher Education Development
Q: What is the specific connotation of the development of teacher education during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period?
A: During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the connotation of the development of teacher education refers to the following aspects: First, the structure of teacher education system is constantly optimized, including the upward shift of pre-service training level, the backward shift of the focus of teacher education, the further strengthening of teacher continuing education and the obvious promotion of teacher education integration; Second, the teacher education system has been further expanded and opened; Third, the scale of higher normal education is expanded, its functions are broadened, its training ability is strengthened and its quality is further improved; Fourth, the teacher education specialty has further developed and the level of teacher education specialization has been further improved; Fifth, the informatization construction of teacher education has been greatly strengthened.
Informatization promotes the modernization of teacher education.
Q: During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, how to strengthen the informatization construction of teacher education and realize the informatization-driven modernization of teacher education?
A: The basic idea of promoting the informatization of teacher education is to "lay a solid foundation, build two systems, explore three modes and highlight four key points". That is to strengthen and constantly improve the information environment, facilities and other infrastructure construction of normal universities and teacher training institutions at all levels, and build the infrastructure framework of the national teacher education information network system; The national teacher education information network education system will be initially established, and an integrated teacher education system based on pre-service training and post-service training of teachers in the information environment will be initially constructed; Explore a new model of teacher education and teaching based on information environment, explore a new model of teacher education and teaching management based on information environment, and explore a new model of promoting teacher education informatization under the condition of market economy; Highlight the construction of teacher education network courses and the development of teaching resources, highlight the training and training of information technology education teachers in primary and secondary schools, highlight the training and training of the integration of information technology and curriculum teaching of teachers in various disciplines, and highlight the formulation and implementation of teacher education information policies and evaluation standards.
Problems needing attention in perfecting teacher education system
Q: During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, what considerations does the Ministry of Education have for improving the teacher education system, reforming and developing teacher education?
A: China's normal education has a history of 104, and now it has formed a system with independent normal colleges as the main body and other educational institutions participating together. The structural focus of this system's pre-service training is improving, the pre-service and post-service exchanges are gradually increasing, and the degree of openness is gradually increasing.
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, we should further improve the teacher education system and carefully determine the ideas and measures for the reform and development of teacher education. Therefore, we should not only accurately judge the direction and trend of teacher education development, but also clearly grasp China's national conditions, provincial conditions and teaching conditions, and calmly analyze the existing problems.
First, China has a huge basic education system. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, there are more than 2.5 million new teachers in primary and secondary schools, and there is still a big gap in the demand for middle school teachers. Second, the continuing education of nearly100000 primary and secondary school teachers is a long-term, arduous and arduous task, especially the qualified rate of high school teachers is still low (68.43%), and there is also the task of compensatory education with academic qualifications; Third, according to the requirements of the "Decision", the task of improving the academic qualifications of teachers in primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools is arduous; Fourth, the opening of teacher education is a gradual process, and comprehensive universities and non-normal colleges should be further encouraged and supported to train and train teachers.
At the same time, I must face up to and calmly analyze the problems that cannot be ignored at present: first, the investment is insufficient, the existing normal education system structure can not adapt to the development of economy, society and basic education, and the quality of teacher training can not meet the needs of promoting quality education; Second, teachers' continuing education has a large amount and many channels, and the management needs to be strengthened urgently; Third, in the structural adjustment, many new situations and problems have emerged, and normal colleges at all levels have doubts about where to go.
Overall thinking on the development of teacher education
Q: What is the general idea of the development of teacher education during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period?
A: The general idea of teacher education development during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period is:
The teacher education system should remain relatively stable in the reform and development, and the existing independent normal colleges are the main body of the teacher education system, which should remain relatively stable;
It is a development trend to actively promote the opening of the teacher education system. From developed areas, especially big cities, from east to west, from the high school stage, we will gradually promote opening up. Take measures to encourage and support other comprehensive universities to participate in pre-service training and on-the-job training of teachers to ensure the quantity and quality of teachers.
It is the main line to continue to strategically adjust the existing teacher education system structure. It is necessary to make a long-term and significant strategic adjustment to the development of teacher education system driven by informationization and modern educational technology, not from a local adjustment, but from a comprehensive adjustment including hierarchical structure, type structure, discipline and specialty structure and regional structure, with the goal of improving the quality of teacher education and promoting the development of teacher education specialty.
Deepening reform is the driving force. Reform is the fundamental way and motive force for the self-improvement and development of teacher education. The contents of the reform include: actively promoting structural adjustment and system reform, gradually opening up teacher education, and moving from a directional closed system to an open one; Start and promote the teaching reform of normal universities in the new century, improve and perfect the continuing education system, and vigorously promote the continuous progress of continuing education; Accelerate the informatization construction, promote the modernization of teacher education with informatization, and realize the leap-forward development of teacher education.
Accelerating development is the theme. Development should reflect the unity of scale, structure, quality and benefit of teacher education system, and scale development and structural adjustment should take improving quality as the premise and purpose.
Improving quality is fundamental. The ultimate goal of the Tenth Five-Year Plan period is to develop rapidly through adjustment and reform, and finally improve the quality of teachers and the overall quality.
News materials
Teacher education Teacher education is the general term of teacher training and teacher training. It is a modern system in which teacher education and teachers' continuing education are interrelated, mutually promoted and unified, and it is a historical requirement to realize teachers' lifelong learning and development.
The development from "normal school (normal university)" to "teacher education" is the common course of the construction of teachers in all countries of the world.
Teacher professionalization means that teachers have their own unique professional conditions and training system, and have corresponding management systems and measures.
The basic meaning of teacher professionalization is: academic standards stipulated by the state, necessary educational knowledge and ability, professional ethics, and management system of teacher qualifications.