Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease, which can be infected by both humans and animals. The life history of Schistosoma japonicum is very complicated. Adults are parasitic in the blood of mesenteric veins and portal veins of humans, cows, pigs or other mammals, so humans and such animals are called adult hosts or definitive host. Eggs are excreted from the feces of the host. If the feces enter the river, the eggs hatch into miracidium in the water. The miracidium does not infect people, but it must first enter the snail to be parasitic. Snails are called intermediate hosts. One cercaria can develop and multiply thousands of cercaria in Oncomelania hupensis. After leaving the snail, cercaria moves under the shallow water surface. When it meets the skin of human or mammal, it will get into the human body and enter the blood, so that human or animal will be infected with schistosomiasis. Water with cercariae is called epidemic water. In the endemic areas of schistosomiasis in China, people, cattle and pigs that are not kept in captivity are the main sources of infection. Men, women and children are susceptible to schistosomiasis. Without drug treatment, schistosomiasis can't be cured naturally, and it doesn't produce immunity after getting sick. People who have been cured may get sick again if they come into contact with infected water.

Patients will have a series of different symptoms and consequences, from the infection caused by cercaria drilling into human body through skin to the parasitism of Schistosoma japonicum in human body. Cercarious dermatitis: In case of contact with epidemic water, within several hours to 3 days, small spots or papules will appear on the part where cercaria drills into the skin, and itching will occur locally. If a large number of cercariae are drilled, there may be dense patchy dermatitis, which is easy to attract attention; If the quantity is small, it is often ignored. Dermatitis disappears after about 2-5 days. People who have drunk water in epidemic areas, if they get this dermatitis, should go to the hospital for examination and treatment, indicating that they have been infected with schistosomiasis. Acute schistosomiasis: After a large number of cercariae are infected once or in a short period of time, it takes as short as half a month and as long as 1-2 months to start the disease. It is characterized by a fever. Cough, epigastric pain and diarrhea may cause mucus and bloody stool. Hepatosplenomegaly and tenderness can be found during physical examination. If not diagnosed and treated in time, the patient may have a long-term fever, and his body temperature often rises in the afternoon, and he sweats after midnight to reduce his fever. At the same time, it is accompanied by loss of appetite, emaciation, weakness, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Symptoms of mucus and bloody stool can exist for a long time. If the treatment of severe patients is delayed, ascites and cachexia may soon appear and die. Chronic schistosomiasis: Patients in the acute stage can become chronic without treatment, but there are many patients in epidemic areas. In the case of repeated infection, there are no acute symptoms, but they are in a chronic state. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, abdominal distension, diarrhea, long-term bloody stool with mucus, and obvious swelling of liver and spleen. Advanced schistosomiasis: A large number of chronic patients infected with schistosomiasis will eventually develop into advanced schistosomiasis. The patient has hepatosplenomegaly, cirrhosis and hypersplenism. Anemia, ascites, edema of lower limbs, severe esophageal varices, and even massive bleeding, hematemesis and melena due to its rupture often lead to death. The transmission route of schistosomiasis must meet the following three conditions: 1, feces entering the water. 2. Oncomelania snails breed. 3. Contact with infected water. Praziquantel is a specific drug for schistosomiasis. Personal protection. In the epidemic areas where snails are distributed, try to avoid contact with water sources. The schistosomiasis control department should set up obvious signs in the epidemic areas to warn people not to go into the water, especially to ask teenagers not to swim in the epidemic areas. People who have to work in water should wear protective boots and use protective drugs. Commonly used protective drugs are: ① skin to avoid enemies, apply for 4 hours at a time; ② Anti-cercaria pen, effective 8 hours after application. Apply evenly to the skin before entering the water, and then apply it again after the effective time. .

They hunt in the dark and have been entangled with humans for thousands of years. They covet our bodies, not only sucking the blood of the living, but also swallowing the bodies of the dead. ...

They have just conquered almost all the ecosystems on the earth, including a terrible worm, Schistosoma japonicum. Schistosomiasis is a major parasitic disease that seriously harms human health. It has a history of more than 2000 years since the discovery of schistosomiasis patients in ancient corpses of the Western Han Dynasty. Before liberation, many people died of schistosomiasis, and some villages were destroyed by schistosomiasis. Patients with schistosomiasis may have no symptoms in the early stage, and may also have symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool and fatigue. However, people generally don't pay attention to it. If it is not checked and treated in time, it will be repeatedly infected for a long time and gradually form chronic advanced schistosomiasis. Children suffering from schistosomiasis will affect their growth and development. They are short, mentally retarded and look like little old men. Women suffering from schistosomiasis have irregular menstruation, which affects their fertility and lacks fun in life; If it develops into advanced schistosomiasis, ascites will grow in the abdominal cavity, and the liver and spleen will be enlarged, showing that the stomach is as big as a drum and skinny, and some will vomit blood, which really affects labor production and life and cannot get rich through labor. The harmfulness of schistosomiasis is the "five lives" that affect life, production, life, growth and fertility.

There are five kinds of schistosomiasis in the world, namely Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma intermedia and Schistosoma maigongensis, which are widely distributed in 74 countries and regions in the tropics and subtropics. The total population of the epidemic area is about 3 1 100 million, and the number of patients is about 200 million. About 500-654.38+0000 people die of schistosomiasis every year. Only one species of Schistosoma japonicum is endemic in China.

Prevention or treatment of schistosomiasis;

1. Find patients and sick animals and actively treat them to eliminate the source of infection.

2. Eliminate snails. Under the leadership of the schistosomiasis control department, large-scale snail control activities were carried out in a unified manner.

3. Manage feces.

4. Personal protection. In the epidemic areas where snails are distributed, try to avoid contact with water sources. The schistosomiasis control department should set up obvious signs in the epidemic areas to warn people not to go into the water, especially to ask teenagers not to swim in the epidemic areas. People who have to work in water should wear protective boots and use protective drugs.

5. Use water safely. Well water should be advocated in epidemic areas.

6. Maintain personal hygiene. Wash your hands before and after meals.

7. Actively check and treat schistosomiasis. To know whether you have schistosomiasis, you should actively accept schistosomiasis examination.

8. Praziquantel is a specific drug for schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is actually not terrible. As long as we do a good job in prevention and adjust our mentality, we will certainly be able to eliminate schistosomiasis. Let's work together!