Factor education theory is Pestalozzi's important exposition on the contents and methods of primary education based on educational psychology theory, and it is also the crystallization of his pioneering practice for primary education innovation.

The basic idea of factor education theory is that primary schools need to simplify their methods in essence, and all kinds of education in primary schools should start with the simplest elements and then gradually turn to increasingly complex elements to promote the harmonious development of people step by step.

(1) Moral education: Children's love for their mothers is the most basic element of moral education.

(2) Intellectual education: Pestalozzi said: "The means to make all the knowledge gained through feeling and impression clear come from numbers, shapes and words." Numbers, forms and words are the common basic characteristics of everything.

(3) Exercise: The basic element is joint activity.