Nanjing Museum is located at the south foot of Nanjing Purple Mountain, on the north side of Zhongshan Gate, covering an area of more than 70,000 square meters. It is the first large-scale comprehensive museum invested and built by the state in China, and has been successively rated as "National Advanced Unit of Public Cultural Facilities Management", "National First-class Museum", "National Museum Jointly Built by the Central and Local Authorities" and "National Patriotism Education Demonstration Base".
First, the evolution of organizational system
1933, at the initiative of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, a modern democratic revolutionary and educator in China, the National Government established the preparatory office of the National Central Museum, with Mr. Cai Yuanpei personally as the chairman of the first Council, and Hangzhou and others successively took over the work of the preparatory office. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it is still the National Central Museum, led by the Ministry of Culture; 1March, 950, it was renamed as the National Nanjing Museum, originally under the Cultural Relics Administration of the Ministry of Culture, and later under the Ministry of Culture of the East China Administrative Committee; 1954, has been under the leadership of Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of Culture; 1959, Nanjing Museum, Jiangsu Provincial Museum and Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee cooperated, and it was still named Nanjing Museum. Since the establishment of the hospital, successive deans have included Xu Pingyu, Zeng Zhao _, Yao Qian, Liang Baiquan, Xu and Gong Liang.
Second, architecture.
The preparatory office originally planned to build three museums, namely, humanities, crafts and nature. 1936 started construction. It was designed by Xu Jingzhi, a famous architect at that time. Later, under the guidance of Mr. Liang Sicheng and Mr. Liu Dunzhen, it was modified according to the Liao Dynasty guild hall building. 1937 construction was stopped due to the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, and the Museum of Humanities was built only in the early 1950s. The Ursa Major Hall is simple, solemn and majestic, and has become an iconic historical and cultural landscape in Nanjing. Now it is a provincial cultural relics protection unit. 1999, the new art museum on the west side of the main building continues the original architectural form.
In 2009, with the great attention of jiangsu provincial party committee and the provincial government, the second phase reconstruction and expansion project of Nanjing Museum started and was completed on 20 13. The total construction area is 84,800 square meters, and the exhibition area is 26,000 square meters. The reconstruction and expansion follow the principle of "combining the old with the new, combining the ground with the underground", retaining the skyline with the purple mountain as the background and the historical museum with the main hall as the main hall, and at the same time transforming the art museum, building new thematic museums, Republic of China museums, digital museums and non-legacy museums to form a pattern of "one hospital and six museums". The architectural layout embodies the concept of "gold inlaid with jade, treasure in it", and forms a visual balance in front and back relationship, cornice height, material color, detail decoration and so on. The overall style has both traditional elements and modern flavor, and the two are coordinated and integrated.
Third, the main collection
Nanjing Museum has more than 430,000 pieces (sets) of various collections, both national and Jiangsu regional, from the Paleolithic age to the present. There are not only court handed down, but also archaeological excavations, and some of them are collected and donated by the society. They are all treasures of past dynasties, which can be said to be a huge treasure house of China's culture and art. Bronzes, jade articles, ceramics, gold and silver vessels, bamboo horns, lacquerware, silk embroidery, calligraphy and painting, seals, inscriptions and statues are all available, and each variety has its own historical series, which has become the most direct witness to the historical development of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. Among them, jade ornaments in Neolithic Age, golden beasts in Warring States and Western Han Dynasty, silver bronze ox lamp in Eastern Han Dynasty, bronze inkstone box inlaid with golden beasts, Western Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties. In addition, the calligraphy and painting collections of Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, Wu Pai, Jinling School of Painting, Fu Baoshi and others are also unique.
Four. Institutional setup and personnel composition
Nanjing Museum is a non-profit cultural institution at the deputy department level. It consists of Jiangsu Archaeological Institute, Jiangsu Cultural Relics Protection Institute, Exhibition Art Institute, Social Service Department, Collection Department, Jiangsu Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Institute, Ancient Architecture Research Institute, Cultural Relics Collection Department, Library and Information Department, Cultural and Creative Department, Southeast Cultural Department, Office (including Party-mass Section and Cultural Exchange Center), Personnel Organization Department, Planning and Finance Department, and Academic Committee Secretariat.
By the end of 20 13, there were 22 employees1person in the hospital, including college degree or above 143 (29 graduate students, 55 undergraduate students) and 8 1 person with intermediate title or above (23 high school students and 30 junior high school students). There are more than 300 contract workers.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) basic exhibition and special exhibition
Nanjing Museum has been carrying out the purpose of "promoting scientific research, assisting public education and enhancing knowledge through appropriate exhibitions". As early as the Anti-Japanese War, during the temporary relocation to Lizhuang, Sichuan, exhibitions such as "prehistoric stone tools exhibition" were held, and a joint exhibition with the Palace Museum was held at 1948, with more than 65,438+million visitors.
During the period of the founding of New China 10, Nanjing Museum has successively held special exhibitions such as From Ape to Man, China Ceramics Exhibition in Past Dynasties, Social Development History, Great Ancient Art Exhibition of the Motherland, Prehistoric Painted Pottery Exhibition, Cultural Relics Exhibition Unearthed from the Second Mausoleum of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Ten Years of Nanjing Museum. Since 1960, with "Jiangsu Historical Exhibition" as the basic exhibition, nearly 3,000 archaeological and ethnological cultural relics and historical documents have systematically displayed the political, economic and cultural development history of Jiangsu, marking the change from temporary exhibition to a new mode of combining basic exhibition with temporary exhibition. 1989, the exhibition was updated to "5,000-year civilization exhibition in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River", and the general history exhibition was changed to a special exhibition.
1999, with an exhibition area of 7,000 square meters, has set up special exhibition halls for treasures, jade, bronzes, Ming and Qing porcelain, calligraphy and painting, pottery, lacquer art, weaving and embroidery, etc. 1 1. , and was named "1999 Top Ten Excellent Exhibitions in China".
Today's "one hospital and six museums" have their own emphases: the history museum is a permanent "exhibition of ancient civilization in Jiangsu", which presents the development process of ancient civilization in Jiangsu in an all-round way; The art museum displays the treasures in the collection according to the texture of the works of art; The special exhibition hall focuses on creating first-class fine exhibitions, including imported outreach and theme exhibitions focusing on the collections in the hospital; The intangible cultural heritage museum dynamically displays the national intangible cultural heritage list project in Jiangsu Province, and invites inheritors to show traditional skills on the spot; The Republic of China Pavilion focuses on the social life of the Republic of China in Nanjing; Digital Museum combines network technology with live interaction, bringing a brand-new experience of ancient civilization to the audience.
While doing a good job in basic exhibitions, Nanjing Museum also holds dozens of temporary exhibitions every year, including special exhibitions of cultural relics collected by the Institute, fine exhibitions of cultural relics from other provinces and cities, exhibitions of works by contemporary artists and exhibitions of influential cultural relics and works of art abroad.
Academic activities and scientific research achievements of intransitive verbs
1, Research on Early Ethnic Folklore
In 1930s, a large number of famous cultural scholars gathered in Nanjing Museum, and successively investigated and studied the historical relics, ethnic costumes, handicrafts, languages, animals and plants in the southwest and northwest regions, and collected a large number of cultural relics, and successively published academic monographs such as Introduction to Stone Tools in the Far East, Dictionary of Mo's Phonetic Characters, Dictionary of Mo's Pictographs, and Illustration of China Folk Crafts, all of which are ethnic groups in China.
2. Archaeological investigation and excavation
During the Anti-Japanese War, experts from Nanjing Museum presided over or participated in the excavation of Pengshan Cliff Tomb in Sichuan, Yinxu Ruins in Anyang, Henan, Longshan Cultural City Site in Shandong, Qijia Cemetery in Yangwawan, Dingning, Gansu, and inspected the cultural environment of Xanthium sibiricum in Yunnan.
In the early 1950s, Nanjing Museum, as a major part of the East China Cultural Relics Team, presided over or participated in the excavation of a number of cultural sites and tombs in Jiangsu, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong and other places. A large number of tombs excavated by Zeng Zhao, Zhao and others, such as the Second Mausoleum of the Southern Tang Dynasty and Qingliangang Site, are quite influential.
After 1954, archaeological investigation and excavation were mainly carried out in Jiangsu. It is composed of Zhaoling Mountain Site in Kunshan (199 1), Longyouzhuang Site in Gaoyou (1993), Tang Cheng Site in Yangzhou (1993), Tomb of the King of Chu of the Western Han Dynasty in Lion Mountain in Xuzhou (1995) and Song Cheng Site in Yangzhou (660). Lianyungang Tenghualuo Site (2008 East China Neolithic Site, South Tang Tombs, Yinan Ancient Stone Relief Tomb Excavation Report, Beiyin Yangying Tomb, Sichuan Pengshan Cliff Tomb, Xinyi Huating-Neolithic Site Excavation Report, Wuxi Hongshan Tomb, Pizhou Liangwangcheng Site, etc.
Jiangnan Archaeological Workstation was built on 20 13, and its scientific research hardware level and experimental function provided powerful scientific research and logistics support for providing cultural relics protection parameters in time, making scientific protection plans and improving the efficiency of cultural protection work.
3, cultural relics protection technology research
The research of cultural relics protection technology in Nanjing Museum began in the middle and late 1970s, and it is responsible for the cultural relics protection in Jiangsu Province and on the ground. 10 years, 14 projects such as "old paper protection technology", "NMF- 1 mildew inhibitor" and "compound Chinese herbal medicine pesticide" have won awards at all levels. The "fragile paper mesh film reinforcement technology" is at the leading level in China, and the research results such as "new materials for bronze protection" and "new drugs for termite control" are popularized throughout the country. Five cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements, such as "multi-functional protection device for paper cultural relics" and "isolation protection and restoration method for ancient buildings with color films", have won national patents. The original site protection project of Shaoxing Yinshan Yuewang Mausoleum was listed as "Top Ten Cultural Relics Maintenance Projects in China in 201kloc-0/year".
In 20 14, the key scientific research base of paper cultural relics protection in National Cultural Heritage Administration was successfully declared, and the metal cultural relics protection laboratory also began to take shape.
4. Academic activities and periodicals
Jiangsu Museum Society, Archaeological Society, Folklore Society and Wu Culture Society are affiliated to Nanjing Museum, and they have carried out activities such as the study of prehistoric culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the study of a dream of red mansions and the study of Wu culture. Wenbo Newsletter, co-sponsored by the Institute, has developed into a publicly published southeast cultural magazine, an important academic core journal in the fields of wenbo, archaeology and cultural heritage protection, and has been listed in "China Journal Square" and "Double-effect" magazine of Jiangsu 10 excellent social science magazine. In recent years, Nanjing Museum, based in Jiangsu and looking at the whole country, has hosted or undertaken a series of academic activities, such as exhibition art, archaeological excavation, cultural relics protection, digitalization of museum resources, etc., which has strengthened exchanges and learning from all walks of life. In addition, it has undertaken scientific research topics and projects at all levels in ancient architecture research, great site protection, ancient art research and intangible cultural heritage inheritance.
5. Publicity and publication
Since its establishment, Nanjing Museum has compiled more than 100 kinds of cultural relics and archaeological books. Among them, Museology written by Zeng Showa and Li Ji in 1930s laid the foundation of China Museology. In recent years, more than 50 kinds of monographs and papers/kloc-0 have been published every year. The Collection of Nanjing Museum, Collected Works of Scholars of Nanjing Museum and Science and Technology Series of Cultural Relics Protection of Nanjing Museum were published as planned, and a publicity and publication system including archaeological excavation reports, cultural relics protection project reports, academic monographs, cultural relics catalogues (volumes), research magazines and departmental yearbooks was basically formed.
Seven. Cultural exchange and inter-library interaction
As early as 1950s, Nanjing Museum participated in cultural relics exhibitions organized by the state and went to the Soviet Union, Germany and other countries for exhibitions. Since the reform and opening up, academic exchanges with the international community have been increasing. Hold exhibitions of museum collections in the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and other countries and regions to promote national culture and enhance international exchanges. Scientific research cooperation with foreign academic institutions is also increasing, and remarkable achievements have been made in the spread of Buddhism to the south, the archaeology of Waseda site, the study of Jiangnan human bones, and the protection of wooden cultural relics unearthed from Siyang Han tomb. In recent years, it has signed cooperation agreements with domestic and foreign cultural and artistic institutions such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Royal Ontario Museum of Canada, the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the Kyushu Museum in Japan, and the Ancient Palace Museum in Korea, and carried out a large number of academic and cultural activities.
Eight. Social services and educational activities
Since 2008, Nanjing Museum has been fully open for free. Consultation, guidance, storage, wheelchair, stroller, umbrella, voice guide, regular explanation, WIFI, catering, shopping and other all-round intimate services are provided in the museum. The audience can not only enjoy fine exhibitions, but also participate in cultural activities and enjoy leisure services, so as to truly achieve the purpose of learning knowledge, enjoying mood and cultivating sentiment.
Nanjing Museum is also a quality education base for many schools and troops stationed in Nanjing, and actively carries out various social education activities. Theme activities such as "Our Festival" and "Nanbo Element, My Inspiration" are held nearly 100 times a year; Children's fun experience room and the first digital experience hall for disabled people in China to meet the visiting needs of special groups; Regularly invite non-genetic inheritors such as Jinling paper-cut, Yangzhou block printing, Yixing purple sand, Qinhuai lantern color and Nanjing gold foil to show their intangible charm on the spot; There are puppet shows, acrobatics, Nanjing White Bureau and Suzhou Pingtan in the small theater and the old teahouse. All services or activities pay attention to the promotion of museums and collections and the promotion of public awareness of cultural relics protection, so that the audience, especially teenagers, can experience the essence of China traditional culture in interaction.
In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of the construction of China Museum, the management concept and mode of Nanjing Museum are gradually changing from studying "objects" (cultural relics) to serving "people" (audiences), and the career development is returning to the general goal of "serving society and its progress" defined by the articles of association of international expositions. At present, the new Nanbo with "one hospital, six museums and six institutes" will gain more development space on a higher development platform, and make steady progress towards the goal of "leading in China and first-class in the world" integrating collection, protection, research, education and service. It has the software and hardware foundation for holding various exhibitions and carrying out scientific research, with profound historical background and distinctive characteristics.
time reference
2-4 hours
traffic
public transportation
5, 9, 34, 36, 55, You 1, You 2, You 5 get off at Zhongshan Gate Station.
Take Metro Line 2, get off at minggugong station, and walk 300 meters east from Exit 1.
entrance ticket
It's free. With valid documents (-,household registration book, student ID card, medical insurance card, etc. ), get tickets for free on site. Or book tickets for free in official website, and then pick them up at the scene. The reservation website is /njmuseum.
Business?Hours?
Tickets will be collected at 9: 00-17: 00 on Tuesdays and Sundays (16: 00 stops), and tickets will be collected at 9: 00-12: 00 on Mondays (10: 00 stops), which is legal in the country.