On the basis of classical philology, it is profound and superficial. Supplement: 1 From two lyric principles, the lyric principle of western classicism is: rationality is the soul of classical lyric principle, which emphasizes "classicism" and advocates "rationality", and rationality is absolutely limited to emotion. It is believed that human beings are not only perceptual but also rational. You can express your feelings, but you should measure them, not just vent your feelings. It needs the participation and judgment of reason and consciousness. To "speak in an orderly way" means to express your emotions in an orderly way. The lyricism of western classical lyric literature is not an impromptu feeling, but a way to transcend the original emotional state and give the object a new understanding, experience and evaluation. It is different from the lyrical principle of western romanticism. This is exactly the same as China's traditional classical lyric principle, that is to say, they all belong to "lyric, stop at propriety and righteousness" and "follow one's inclinations without overstepping the bounds"!
Judging from their lyric tradition, China's literary tradition is dominated by lyric literature, that is, the emergence of "poetry"; Western literary tradition is dominated by drama literature and narrative literature. For example, Shakespeare is called a poet by westerners, not because he wrote more than 100 sonnets, but because he wrote many famous plays. However, in China, Guan Hanqing and Ma Zhiyuan's plays are successful, and they cannot be called poets.
Generally speaking, the western literary tradition originated from the ancient Greek tragedy, while the China literary tradition originated from the lyrical ballads of the pre-Qin period. Western literary achievements are based on drama, while China's ancient literary achievements are based on poetry. China's classical literature includes pre-Qin prose, Chu Ci, Han and Jin literature, literature five, Yuan Dynasty literature seven, and literature in the late Qing Dynasty. An overview of western classical literature ancient Greek epic Aesop fable ancient Greek mythology ancient Greek drama European classical literature overview The relationship between classicism and Louis XIV, the limitations of ideological characteristics and artistic characteristics make it urgent for classical literature to enter students.
First, analyze the reading situation of the four classic novels.
(A) the masterpiece "Loneliness"
Among the four classic novels, the proportion of students who know nothing about them is:? Romance of the Three Kingdoms 24%; Water margin 27%; Journey to the West 27.6%; A Dream of Red Mansions reached 36.7%. Although most students know the four classical novels, they know more about the outline than the full text. The information sources of the four novels are "heard" and "from the film and television media", accounting for the vast majority: Romance of the Three Kingdoms (86.8%), Water Margin (84. 1%) and Journey to the West (86.7%). A Dream of Red Mansions is 74.8%. Many students read famous works by reading cartoons: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 7. 1%, Water Margin 7.2%, Journey to the West 13.3%, Dream of Red Mansions 3.4%. Few students read the original text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 13.29%. Water Margin 7.4%, Journey to the West 5.8%, Dream of Red Mansions 4.5%. Unfortunately, I don't know the famous works; Knowing the "outline" of a famous book will inevitably be embarrassing; And the "knowledge outline" is mostly from. Fast food "graphic processing products, which makes China teachers feel helpless. In the era of "knowledge explosion", the importance of reading is self-evident, but the significance of consolidating the "foundation" of culture by reading famous books has been ignored. Therefore, the masterpiece is lonely!
(2) Watching the fun?
Among the students who know the four classical novels, the favorite stories are Romance of the Three Kingdoms (50.9%), Water Margin (49.7%), Journey to the West (67.9%) and Dream of Red Mansions (38.8%). Few people like artistic skills: Romance of the Three Kingdoms (6.4%), Water Margin (5.9%), Journey to the West (6.3%) and Dream of Red Mansions (13.9%). ? This set of data shows that primary school students' appreciation of famous books is still at the shallow level of "stories". Although the plot is tortuous, vivid and fascinating, there are far more things to see in the four classic novels! High school students' appreciation of famous works is just "watching the excitement", and their level is obviously low. On this issue, teachers should bear a large part of the responsibility. After all. Among the students who know famous books, most like them. This is a gratifying "majority", which shows that masterpieces still have a certain "affinity" for students. Did the teacher make full use of this "affinity"?
Second, the reading analysis of classical poetry.
(1) Number of articles read and recited?
38.6% students have read at least 16, 39.9% students have read at least 20, and 2 1.4% students have read at least 160. 69.6% can recite no less than 24 articles. ?
(2) Interest in classical poetry?
Interest status: (1) likes 39.3%; (2) Don't like 6.5%; (3) Don't like it, 54.2%; Experience of classical poetry: (1) 22.7%; (2) Experience is generally 68.8%; (3) Not aware of 8.4%. Understanding of Yuan Qu in Tang Poetry and Song Poetry: (1) Very familiar with 8.9%; (2) 79.6% know something; (3) Not familiar with 1 1.5%. Understanding of Li Bai and Du Fu: (1) Very familiar with 26.2%; 32) Know something 66.9%: (3) Not familiar with 6.54%.
A brief comment on many students turn a blind eye to classical poetry, or stay away from it, or flinch, or be at a loss, or misinterpret it at will. Even 6.54% students don't even know Li Bai and Du Fu. The root of these phenomena is that they have no ability to appreciate classical poetry, no aesthetic feeling, and of course they will not appreciate it.
(3) The relationship with Chinese achievement?
(1) thought it was related to grades, accounting for 67.1%; (2) 9.4% think it has nothing to do with grades; (3) Please don't know, accounting for 23.5%. ? Comments: There are almost no Chinese teachers in middle schools who don't pay attention to the teaching of classical poetry because of the high scores in the college entrance examination. But primary school teachers are different. The primary school Chinese exam will only get the poems learned in the textbook, so the teacher will show the importance of different people.
Third, problems and suggestions?
The following issues deserve attention:
(A) narrow learning utilitarianism?
I don't know when, "learning guidance books" have become synonymous with students' extracurricular books, and parents, students and schools all "love" one counseling information book after another. Many parents admire the three irregularities of "no watching, no tutoring, no practicing and no listening to English". Most students know what China's four classics are, but few have actually read them. Why not read it? The answer is simple: "because we are still struggling under the pressure of grades, where can we have time to read these books that have little to do with exams?"
② Did you see the word "expulsion"?
The rapid development of print media: all kinds of DVDs are overwhelming, the Internet and digital images follow one after another, followed by the sudden emergence of photography books and comics. The best-selling books in the small bookstores around the campus and several bookstores in the urban area in the past two years are entertainment and comics, while the sales of literary classics have not been very good. The benefits of graphic media are obvious, but we should also be alert to the "reading crisis in the era of graphic reading". Nowadays, most students learn about classics through movies and videos. The reason is simple: the closing report of Xiang Gu Yun-Entering Classical Literature? Literary works are difficult to read. However, once students get into the habit of reading graphic works, it is difficult to change after entering universities and society. ?
(3) awe and denial of "classics".
Under the heavy learning burden, lengthy language and structural factors have become another obstacle for students to approach famous works. Many students said that sometimes when they read famous books, they were dazzled and put them down without seeing anything. Some students said that most of the famous books have been made into TV dramas or movies. After reading them, they will know what is going on, and they have no patience to read the original works. Some students said that they also know the importance of native language works, but they are not as attractive as the virtual world of movies and digital images. Between words, I dare not ridicule famous books, but just "stay at a respectful distance." ? On the other hand, many students "don't like" masterpieces (Romance of the Three Kingdoms 6.4%, Water Margin 5.3%, Journey to the West 5.6%,
(d) Families generally lack a strong cultural atmosphere.
The low educational level of parents is an important reason for the weak cultural awareness of rural families. According to the statistics of student files, 45% are farmers, 13.3% are employees,1.67% are semi-farmers, 12.52% are self-employed, and the rest are a few cadres and teachers. Both parents are illiterate, most of them are highly educated, and a few are high school graduates, and there is almost nothing they can do to create a family cultural atmosphere. Although most parents attach importance to their children's reading, they only care about their children's academic performance and their scores. Therefore, they object to children reading extracurricular books, thinking that these "idle books" will affect their studies, while some parents are busy making a living and let it go. The most cultural activities of most students' families are limited to watching TV. In the survey, students who answered "often watch movies" accounted for the majority. Nearly half of the students grew up in a family environment without any extracurricular books, newspapers and magazines. Their only "literary reading" since childhood is a Chinese book.
Chinese quality should be cultivated from an early age. Students who grow up in such a lack of cultural atmosphere can't suddenly improve their Chinese quality in senior three. Even if they want to make great strides in their senior year, they should work hard. ? Extracurricular reading has always been regarded as a dispensable thing by many people. Have you noticed that parents' talk about "extracurricular books" has become pale and powerless? Many class teachers (non-Chinese teachers) clearly stipulate that "extracurricular books are not allowed to be brought back to the classroom. Once found, they will be confiscated and students will be reviewed in class", which will inevitably lead to the lack of spiritual calcium and the low level of appreciation, leading to the shallowness of "sustainable development ability". This kind of "acquired absence" will cause irreparable defects in life growth. This is the common view of people of insight, and it is also a fact that has been proved in real life. ? So ... how can we change the situation that primary school students' extracurricular reading is almost blank?
I think: first, schools, parents and society should reach such a consensus; For the growth of teenagers, the most important thing is to cultivate good quality. How to cultivate good qualities without learning? Mr. Liu, a contemporary linguist in China, said: "Books are a treasure house of knowledge, an ocean of wisdom, a guide to struggle, a ladder to success, learning literature, learning to be a man, striving for great development, and making great achievements. Without reading, it is just a matter of seeking fish from a tree." Reading classical literature should be the basis of reading! ? Second, Chinese teachers have the obligation to guide students to read. First of all, teacher China should emphasize the importance of extracurricular reading to students. In any case, they should spend time reading more good books. Teachers should not only encourage students to read literary masterpieces, but also dabble in various other useful books. At the same time, teachers should guide students to deepen their understanding, digest and even absorb the essence of each book by taking reading notes. In addition, students can also experience the fun of extracurricular reading by holding colorful Chinese activities such as special lectures, knowledge contests and reading exchanges. ? Third, the relevant state education departments should constantly improve the examination system and methods. Without the corresponding examination system, quality education can not be carried out smoothly, and reading classical literature is also an armchair strategist. Of course, students should not be pushed to the situation of "studying to death".