At present, although mental health education in primary and secondary schools has been paid more and more attention, it often pays more attention to students' mental health and less attention to teachers' mental health.
China Renmin University School of Public Administration Institute of Organization and Human Resources conducted a survey. The results show that more than 80% of the teachers surveyed report great pressure, nearly 30% have serious job burnout, nearly 90% have certain job burnout, and nearly 40% have poor mental health.
According to the data released by the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 300 million people in the world suffer from depression, and more than 54 million people in China suffer from depression, accounting for 4.2% of the total population of China. Many teachers in China suffer from depression.
Caring for teachers' health means caring for education and caring for the long-term development of the country and the nation!
The Handbook of Mental Health for Primary and Secondary School Teachers has been published, hoping to let teachers have a rest, reduce their work pressure, improve their sense of work efficiency and embark on the road of happiness! Decompression and empowerment, happy work:
catalogue
Self-care
1. How do teachers manage stress?
2. How do teachers manage their emotions?
3. How to avoid job burnout?
4. How to improve self-efficacy?
(B) Teacher-student relationship
5. How do teachers deal with students who don't want to go to school?
6. How to avoid conflicts between teachers and students?
7. How to deal with the contradiction between teachers and students?
8. How to communicate effectively with students?
9. How to stimulate students' learning motivation?
(C) the relationship between family and school
10. How to communicate effectively with parents?
1 1. How to mediate the contradiction between students and parents?
12. Parents expect too much from their children. How to guide them?
13. How to win the cooperation of parents in school work?
order
In order to help all teachers reduce stress, carry out their work smoothly and improve their work happiness, let's take a look at some suggestions from the psychological level and provide some psychological support for teachers.
Self-care
1. How do teachers manage stress?
With the improvement of social development level, teachers' professional pressure has increased sharply. How to manage stress effectively? Take a look at the following suggestions:
Suggestion 1: Pay attention to the combination of work and rest and arrange work and rest regularly. We sit in the office for a long time, and it is easy for us to get backache and eye fatigue. Therefore, we can arrange some relaxing indoor sports after work. Studies have proved that exercise can not only promote blood circulation, but also improve mood.
Suggestion 2: Make a to-do list. Write down all the things you need to do on a piece of paper, and cross off one thing after you finish it, so that you know your progress. More and more things are crossed out, which shows that your degree of completion is getting higher and higher, and the pressure is getting less and less.
Suggestion 3: Once you feel too stressed, stop immediately. Pause for 5 minutes immediately, which will bring more efficiency. During this five-minute pause, you can plug your earplugs, close your eyes, take a deep breath, and imagine yourself in a beautiful place without thinking about that stressful thing at all.
Recommendation 4: Clean up the room or office. The chaotic environment around you will also increase your stress. So, if you feel stressed, you can start tidying up your room or office. A clean environment will make you look pleasing to the eye and more relaxed.
2. How do teachers manage their emotions?
Teachers manage their emotions well, which can help them to deal with things more intelligently and treat problems more optimistically. At the same time, it can create a relaxed and harmonious learning atmosphere. So what can we do?
Practice 1: Learn to be self-motivated. Feel your emotions before class. If you feel unstable, try to relax and let your mood return to a calm state.
Practice 2: learn to deal with colds. When a student makes a mistake, we can first pull the student who made the mistake aside to ease his mood and then deal with it.
Exercise 3: Learn to speak. Heart-to-heart talk is a good way to vent, and it is inevitable to encounter unsatisfactory things in education and teaching. At this time, we can talk with our good colleagues, classmates and friends, and maybe get some guidance or suggestions.
3. How to avoid job burnout?
Teachers educate groups of students at school and then send them away. In this process, how to avoid job burnout caused by lack of professional passion? You can look at the following suggestions:
Suggestion 1: Celebrate every success. When you successfully complete a teaching task, you can pat yourself gently and give yourself a simple reward, such as ordering a dessert and watching a movie on Saturday, so as to stimulate the motivation to face the next challenge.
Recommendation 2: Arrange the rest time reasonably. The habit of working until you are exhausted for a long time and then having to rest for a day or two is problematic. On the contrary, before the quality of work plummets, arranging a long rest time in advance, such as personal rest days or holidays, can make you face the work at your best.
Recommendation ③: Arrange the work content reasonably. Do a good job in time management planning, arrange your work content reasonably according to your priorities, and try to avoid the tension and pressure at work caused by the arrival of the deadline.
Recommendation 4: Ensure the quality of sleep. 60 minutes before going to bed, avoid executing to-do items and emails at work. Because this information may stimulate the brain, aggravate our anxiety, make it difficult for us to fall asleep, and affect the quality of sleep and the efficiency of work the next day.
4. How to improve self-efficacy?
In teaching activities, teachers' sense of self-efficacy will affect the adjustment of teachers' emotions. Teachers with high efficiency are full of self-confidence and happiness in their work, more focused on teaching activities, and more likely to adopt democratic methods. So what are the ways to improve self-efficacy?
Method ①: Constantly try new teaching methods and strategies. The practice process of teaching innovation is the most basic and important way for teachers to gain self-efficacy.
Method ②: Observing others' excellent teaching can produce vicarious reinforcement. By observing and analyzing the effective behaviors and strategies of excellent teachers in creating classroom atmosphere, mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm and classroom teaching management, we can provide observers with many alternative experiences.
Method ③: Based on scientific research. Practice has proved that action research is an effective way to promote teachers' professional growth and improve their sense of self-efficacy. On the one hand, by participating in scientific research, we can constantly learn or construct new teaching and learning theories and improve our understanding of education; On the other hand, it can encourage us to use the basic principles of teaching and learning flexibly to solve the practical problems we face and improve teachers' personal self-efficacy.
Method 4: Reflective teaching and proper attribution. We need to analyze the results of our completed teaching activities. Psychological research shows that people's correct self-attribution of their behavior is helpful to the development of individual self-confidence and the improvement of individual self-efficacy
(B) Teacher-student relationship
5. How do teachers deal with students who don't want to go to school?
Students don't want to go to school, mainly because they lose interest in school learning activities subjectively, produce boredom and indifference, and objectively and obviously show boredom and even truancy. We can try the following methods to help students:
Practice 1: Correct learning psychology. For children who are tired of learning, they must not criticize words first, but punish them first. We should realistically see the advantages and slight progress of students, give them affirmation in time, let them feel successful, gradually improve their self-confidence, and turn "weariness" into "love".
Practice 2: Cultivate students' interest in learning. Interest is the best teacher. Can combine students' specialties. Because of their special skills and interests, they are often encouraged by teachers' praise. Their interest will also shift to study, thus bringing out the best in each other.
Practice 3: Try to reduce students' psychological and academic burden. When students can't reach their own ability or can't bear it psychologically, they will be tired of learning. Therefore, it is necessary to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, design special assignments and formulate special evaluation conditions.
Practice 4: Counseling students' interpersonal relationship. Poor interpersonal relationship among students is also a reason why students don't want to go to school. Teachers' attention and classmates' friendliness are conducive to creating an atmosphere of attaching importance to and enjoying learning and eliminating the feeling that students who are tired of learning are abandoned and discriminated against.
6. How to avoid conflicts between teachers and students?
The relationship between teachers and students has always been a hot topic. Establishing a good relationship between teachers and students is conducive to avoiding conflicts between teachers and students and to students' learning and growth. Specifically, there are the following practices:
Practice 1: Start from yourself and be an excellent teacher. Generally speaking, teachers respected by students rarely have conflicts with students, because teachers respected by students often have their own advantages.
Practice 2: use praise instead of reprimand, and teachers love to make students peaceful. Everyone has shortcomings and certainly has advantages. We should look at students with a pair of eyes that are good at discovering beauty. If we really love our students, we will certainly find their advantages. For "problem students", if teachers can bring them back to the class group with praise instead of reprimanding and caring, they will be peaceful because of gratitude and love themselves because of return.
Exercise 3: Let the students complete the sentences and create opportunities for dialogue. Teachers should have enough democratic style, be patient and listen to students' ideas sincerely. Create an atmosphere of discussion, let students listen to each other and discuss with each other, and students' creativity will be protected and developed, thus benefiting for life.
Practice 4: the concept of diversification. Teachers' own enlightened and diversified ideas will also broaden the road of students' development. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, respecting students' subjectivity and individuality, and promoting students' potential development.
7. How to deal with the contradiction between teachers and students?
The contradiction between teachers and students is the opposition and disagreement caused by the differences in goals, values and resources between the two sides. When the contradiction between teachers and students occurs, how should it be solved? We can start with the following suggestions:
Suggestion 1: wait and see, first calm your emotions. After the confrontation, most students will be very sensitive and fragile psychologically. So, after things happen, don't rush to take action, but calm down and think.
Suggestion 2: Pull the silk out of the cocoon, calm down and analyze the reasons behind it. Through effective communication, problems can be solved.
Suggestion 3: Holding the right way, criticism is also an art. Teachers should keep a good balance when criticizing students, and understand that emotional changes are closely related to personal personality. For introverted students, the focus of criticism is to enlighten, be gentle, and avoid other students when necessary to protect their self-esteem; For extroverted students, criticism should be soft and firm, let them vent their emotions and then reason with them.
8. How to communicate effectively with students?
Effective communication enables teachers to quickly and accurately understand students' learning and ideological status, which is an important means to enhance the relationship between teachers and students and realize educational ideals. So how can we achieve effective communication with students?
Practice 1: Learn to empathize. When communicating, we should look at the problem from the students' point of view, go deep into the students' hearts to understand their feelings and ideas, listen to the potential information and main problems from the students' expressions, and get key information.
Exercise 2: Learn to listen. In communication, we should pay attention to let ourselves talk less, students talk more and listen to their hearts more. It can not only meet the needs of students' self-expression and communication with others, but also make students feel respect and recognition, which brings the relationship between teachers and students closer.
Practice 3: Pay attention to the application of communication skills. In language, we should use more receptive and encouraging language instead of critical, reproachful or unacceptable language. In terms of body movements, we should relax our expressions and keep eye contact with students. We can also respond to students by nodding, leaning forward and frowning, so that students can feel our sincerity.
9. How to stimulate students' learning motivation?
In the teaching career, we will meet some students who are enthusiastic about learning and some students who are tired of learning, which makes parents and teachers feel very helpless. This requires us to constantly cultivate a skill in management and teaching: to stimulate students' learning motivation.
Method ①: Internal learning motivation plays a major role, while external learning motivation plays an auxiliary role. Interest is the best teacher. We can use novel teaching contents and methods to stimulate students' interest in learning and mobilize their inner learning motivation. External learning motivation mainly comes from teachers' encouragement and parents' expectations. Internal motivation and external motivation complement each other and can effectively stimulate students' learning motivation.
Method ②: Implement heuristic teaching and create "problem situation". Cognitive psychology believes that arousing students' cognitive disharmony can stimulate students' curiosity and interest in learning. By setting questions in the classroom, the problems to be solved are skillfully put in the knowledge base that conforms to the students' reality, thus stimulating students' learning motivation.
Method ③: Increase social practice activities. Through practice in daily life, students can better master knowledge. We can use the current information technology to create different teaching situations and carry out different forms of social practice activities according to the content of classroom teaching. You can also bring some problems in your life to class to discuss with students. Let students experience the joy of success and fully stimulate their learning motivation.
Method 4: Help students solve problems in their studies. Due to the differences among students, some students have a relatively weak learning foundation, so we need to make corresponding teaching plans according to students' learning situation to realize teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Help students gradually overcome the shortcomings in the learning process, improve their learning confidence and effectively stimulate their learning motivation.
(C) the relationship between family and school
10. How to communicate effectively with parents?
Only by close cooperation between teachers and parents can we establish a good equal relationship and form a joint force to educate children. How to communicate effectively with parents?
Practice 1: Be prepared. Before communicating with parents, we need to fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of students, the basic situation of students' families, the educational level of parents and other basic information, and make communication goals.
Practice 2: Adjust the mentality. Before communicating with parents, we must adjust our mentality and try to consider the problem from the perspective of "I am the parent and the students are my children", so that parents will have no sense of distance and will not be alert.
Practice 3: Respect parents. In communication, objectively describe students' problems, fully respect parents, and jointly study ways to solve problems.
Practice 4: Be good at listening and give positive feedback. When communicating with parents, you should support and encourage parents to express their views in expression, posture and language, and give timely feedback, so that parents can feel your sincerity and are willing to communicate with you.
Practice ⑤: Give scientific suggestions. When encountering problems, parents should be guided and inspired in various ways, so that parents can understand their children's physical and mental characteristics, update their educational concepts and master the correct educational methods.
1 1. How to mediate the contradiction between students and parents?
There will inevitably be contradictions between parents and students. Some parents may be at a loss and let the parent-child relationship continue to deteriorate, even affecting the normal study and life of students at school. As a teacher, what should be done to ease their nervousness and let students grow better?
Practice 1: Understand the causes of contradictions. We need to objectively analyze the causes of contradictions, fairly evaluate the performance of students and parents, let both sides calm down first, and lay a good foundation for the next mediation.
Practice 2: Organize activities. Through various activities, guide parents to learn to be "competent" parents, guide students to learn to be grateful and let parents and students understand each other.
Exercise 3: Keep learning. Consult experienced old teachers or search relevant materials for further study, and constantly enrich your theoretical knowledge about family education.
12. Parents expect too much from their children. How to guide them?
Every parent hopes that their children can become excellent talents and pillars of society, so they will give their children high expectations, but too high expectations may cause their children to conflict or suppress. So how should parents be guided?
Method 1: Tell parents that expecting too much from their children will have a bad influence on their growth, which may lead to their anxiety and antagonism.
Method 2: Hold lectures or sharing meetings regularly, and invite some parents to share and exchange, so that parents can better understand the characteristics of children's psychological development at this stage, master the skills of effective communication with children, and listen to their voices more.
Method 3: Let parents realize that "only children who study well have a future", and children's healthy physique, good character and noble character are the most worthy of our treasure.
Method 4: Guide parents to adjust their expectations. Don't impose your unfulfilled dreams on your children, and really understand their advantages and disadvantages and interests.
13. How to win the cooperation of parents in school work?
A good cooperative relationship between home and school is the guarantee for the healthy growth of students. We can try the following methods to win the cooperation of parents in school work:
Methods ①: Communicate effectively with parents regularly. Communicate effectively with parents through regular parent-teacher conferences, home visits and other activities, so that parents can keep abreast of their children's school situation and school work.
Methods ②: Carry out home-school interaction regularly. By inviting parents to teach life skills in the classroom, we can broaden the channels of family education, enrich the content of school education and make parents feel involved in school work.
Method ③: Hold home-school lectures regularly. We can take advantage of the school's own integration of educational resources and hold special lectures on family education on a regular basis. Invite well-known scholars and experts to teach in schools or online, provide parents with opportunities for education and training, and help parents improve their educational literacy.
Method 4: Make full use of network resources. Through the establishment of online parent schools, school WeChat official accounts, class QQ groups, WeChat groups and other educational Internet platforms, we will build a bridge for interactive communication between home and school.
Teachers in primary and secondary schools should not only take care of their families, but also pay attention to students' learning situation at any time after their busy work every day. Behind every teacher's love and responsibility, there is satisfaction and pressure. This issue of "Handbook of Mental Health Empowerment for Primary and Secondary School Teachers" focuses on teachers' mental health, hoping to bring some help to every teacher who fights in the front line of teaching, and wish every teacher a happy and brilliant life.
Article from: Network Psychological Lecturer Union