One episode is about the final location of Shuntian Middle School. Before fighting for the land outside the underground palace gate, it was suggested that Shuntian Middle School be located in the former site of Zheng Jing Academy in Langjia Hutong, Andingmen. Zheng Jing Academy, formerly known as Eight Banners Official School, was formally established in the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897). /kloc-after the coup in 0/898, the academy system was abolished and became one of the alternative sites of Shuntian Middle School. However, in the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), the Qing government set up the imperial clan Jueluo Eight Banners Middle School in the former site of Zheng Jing Academy, which became the exclusive school for the children of the Eight Banners. Shuntian Middle School had to give in and finally took the former site of the General Military Administration as the school location. This Baqi Middle School, which evolved from Zheng Jing Academy, is the predecessor of Beijing No.1 Middle School today.
After the establishment of Shuntian Middle School, I also want to mention another school that was born almost at the same time: Wucheng School. During the Reform Movement of 1898, Sun Jianai mentioned the Five Cities School. "Today, the five cities (referring to the five cities empire, which was divided into five districts, east, west, north and south) set up schools. Please suggest that the Five Cities Empire establish schools immediately. Whether to temporarily borrow temples and establish schools in the future will be decided by the Five Cities Empire at any time, and it will definitely make contributions from now on. " Similarly, because of the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 and the subsequent Gengzi Incident, the proposal to establish a five-city school was shelved. 190 1 year, Empress Dowager Cixi issued a new decree to implement the New Deal reform. Under this opportunity, the proposal to set up a five-city school was mentioned again (Shuntian Middle School is processing it at this time). The prefect of Shuntian and Wucheng Chayuan worked for Wucheng School Federation: "Now the times are difficult and talents are needed. The capital is the first good area, so it should be held first to promote the provinces. After the performances of Ben Tang Yin and our institute, Wucheng School was opened on the former site of the Yishu of Beihou Iron Works in Liulichang. " The memorial was quickly approved. At the beginning of 1902, Wucheng School officially opened: "In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), there was a photo session on November 16th. In order to explain this matter, according to the school, I am willing to choose to enter school on the fifteenth day of the first month and start school on the 25th. " 1902, Wucheng School was officially renamed Wucheng School after the articles of association of the King James School were published.
Coincidentally, this school has a close relationship with the later Beijing Normal University. 1902, 12, Shi Jing university teachers college started. 1904, the normal college of Shi Jing University was changed to the excellent normal department. 1908, the excellent normal department was changed into an independent Shi Jing excellent normal school, and a new school building was built at the site of Liulichang 50% school. Wucheng Middle School has built a new teaching building in the east of Ji You Normal School. 19 12, Shi Jing Normal University was changed to Beijing Normal University. Wucheng middle school was changed to the middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University. 1923 As Beijing Normal University was renamed Beijing Normal University, the secondary school attached to Beijing Normal University was also renamed Beijing Normal University. Wucheng middle school has also become the predecessor of the middle school attached to Beijing Normal University.
Shuntian Middle School issues "scholarships" every month.
1902, after Chen Bi's repeated efforts, Shuntian Middle School finally officially opened. Because it was for the whole Shuntianfu enrollment, the threshold for entering the exam at that time was not low. First of all, there was no ID card. In order to verify the identity of the candidates, the applicants had to find an official hometown in Beijing and ask the hometown to give them a certificate with their resumes, generations, age, appearance and place of origin clearly written on it. But if they can successfully pass the entrance examination, the treatment of these students is not low. Many standards are formulated with reference to the treatment of imperial academy diploma students in those years. For example, each student has a monthly meal fee of 325 yuan, and after the monthly "monthly exam", he will get a "scholarship" similar to today's.
The senior high school entrance examination questions in Shuntian Middle School are also flexible today. For example, on February 26th 1903, there were two joint exam questions, both of which were "discussion questions". The first question asks students to put forward their own views on the advantages and disadvantages of the academic system and the imperial examination system. The second question discusses the "timid" practice of Emperor Guangwu in history.
Students who studied English at that time should mark the test paper when they apply for the exam, indicating which school learned English, so that they can check it correctly when they are admitted. The teachers read the papers quickly, and the next day they divided the students into classes according to their grades. 1903, 69 freshmen were enrolled in four classes. In March 14, 2 students were re-examined in Changping, with a total of 7/kloc-0 students in this period.
Speaking of the teaching work in Shuntian Middle School, there are still some differences from the current middle schools. At that time, although Shuntian Middle School was called "Middle School", its nature was closer to that of pre-university and it was a special education period of transition between secondary education and higher education. At that time, Shuntian Middle School adopted the mode of teaching in different classes. There are five teachers from China, and five teachers with the background of studying in Britain are specially hired to teach English, arithmetic, physics (then called "Gezhi") and gymnastics. 1905, the Qing government officially abolished the imperial examination system, and the scale of running a school was growing day by day, and the educational system was also improving.
At that time, it was stipulated that students who graduated from Shuntianfu Higher Primary School would go directly to Shuntian Middle School and receive "compulsory education"-free of charge. However, if you don't finish primary school, the "placement students" recommended by various departments need to pay tuition fees in 40 yuan every semester. In addition, those who "borrow" from other provinces and cities are accommodated in 50 yuan every semester, and 45 yuan and 32 yuan only have lunch without accommodation. The relevant fees must be paid before the start of each semester, and the tuition fee will not be refunded once you drop out of school.
This Shuntian middle school has, to some extent, continued the teaching philosophy of the early western literary schools. Chinese, Confucian classics, China history and geography are all taught in Chinese, while English, mathematics, physics, foreign history and geography and economics are all taught in English, and most of the textbooks used are original textbooks imported from abroad. This is very similar to private international schools now. The difference is that the English-related teachers in Shuntian Middle School are not foreign teachers, but China graduates from Tianjin Naval Academy, but their teaching level and style are no less than those of foreigners. In addition, the school also offers gymnastics classes and second foreign language courses (Japanese and French), and even at that time there was an initiative to ensure students' "one hour of physical activity every day".
Chinese studies education has also been thoroughly implemented in this school. Due to the establishment of the Qing government department, imperial academy was laid off, and the task of paying homage to Confucius, which was originally undertaken by imperial academy Zi, fell on the shoulders of students from universities, Wucheng schools and Shuntian middle schools. Every year on the 10th day of the second lunar month, they go to the Confucius Temple to worship Confucius and serve as deacons of the ceremony.
What is particularly commendable is that the students of Shuntian Middle School not only completed their studies, but also voluntarily organized and established a "half-day school" near the school. Two students are sent as teachers every day, and 60 students are recruited from nearby, which are divided into secondary and primary schools to teach half-day courses. Every Sunday, middle school students have a holiday, so they change the class time to a whole day. This kind of social practice, in a sense, filled a vacancy in compulsory education in primary schools at that time.
Shuntian Middle School was once called Little Tsinghua because of its good curriculum design. Zhang Shenfu, the early founder of China, Liang Shuming, a master of Chinese studies, an expert in philosophy history, and Tang Yongtong, president of Peking University, all studied in Shuntian Middle School. 1906, Liang Shuming graduated from primary school and entered Shuntian Middle School. He didn't graduate until 19 1 1 The reading experience of Shuntian Middle School has brought great influence to Liang Shuming. In his later years, he wrote: "Since I entered middle school at the age of fourteen, I have been driven by an upward trend to pursue two problems: one is the question of life, that is, why people live; The second is the social problem, that is, the China problem. Where is China going? "
Later, it was suggested that the predecessor of Beijing No.4 Middle School was Shuntian Middle School and Liang Shuming should be an alumnus of Beijing No.4 Middle School. In fact, Shuntian Middle School, the predecessor of Beijing No.4 Middle School, is not the same school as Shuntian Middle School attended by Liang Shuming. What's going on here? This is another Shuntian middle school to be mentioned below. 1 2 3