Special education is to educate children with special needs with universal or specially designed courses, textbooks, teaching methods, teaching organization forms and teaching equipment, so as to achieve universal and special training goals.
Because special education has broad and narrow understandings, special pedagogy can also have two understandings. In a broad sense, it refers to the science of studying the phenomena and laws of children's education with various special educational needs; In a narrow sense, it refers to the science of studying the educational phenomena and laws of all kinds of disabled children, also known as "pedagogy of disabled children", "pedagogy of therapeutic children", "pedagogy of disabled children" and "pedagogy of disabled children". All countries in the world use a narrow concept. According to the specific research object, it can be subdivided into blind pedagogy, deaf pedagogy and mentally retarded pedagogy.
/kloc-special education schools appeared in Europe in the 0 th and 8 th centuries. Some progressive teachers and doctors put forward various theories to lay the foundation for special education, and gradually formed deaf pedagogy, blind pedagogy and mentally retarded pedagogy.
Some doctors and teachers put forward the theory of therapeutic pedagogy in the19th century. The development of psychology at the end of 19 led to the emergence of special children's psychology and "special pedagogy".
In the mid-20th century, the concept of special education expanded, and the research object expanded from school-age disabled children to early diagnosis, education and training of preschool disabled children. At the same time, special education has been extended to middle and higher education and vocational education for disabled youth on a larger scale. A variety of disciplines (education, psychology, medicine, sociology, linguistics, philosophy, electronics, audiology, etc. It is closely integrated and intersected in the research of pedagogy, psychology and rehabilitation of disabled children, making special pedagogy develop into an interdisciplinary, marginal and emerging discipline, and studying the development law of people with special educational needs.
The research contents include: the relationship between special education and social development, the early discovery, early identification and evaluation of special education objects, the early intervention of special children, the purpose and task of special education, the system, organizational form, methods and contents, means, equipment and teaching AIDS of special education, the management of all kinds of special education at all levels, the training system and methods of all kinds of special education teachers, the commonness and particularity of special education and general education, etc. In addition to general pedagogy, the research method is more a comparison between ordinary children's education and special children's education.