? Siyigu
As early as 1987, Huaxia Publishing House translated and introduced this classic about humanistic psychology, human potential and value. Recently produced by Good Reading Culture and reprinted by Zhejiang People's Publishing House, it shows that Good Reading Culture is really "reading only for quality" in order not to forget one's active mind.
The 2022 edition of Human Potential and Value is a collection of essays on the discussion of "Human Potential and Value" in humanistic psychology. This paper mainly selects and records Maslow's articles on the values of human psychology, a famous American social psychologist, a pioneer of the third generation of psychology and known as the "father of humanistic psychology", including American psychologist William? Krubeck and Martin? Austrian psychologist Alfred Weinbaum? Adler, German psychologist Kurt? Goldstein, Fritz? Bohr's humanistic psychology thesis.
First of all, what is humanistic psychology? In fact, it is people-oriented psychology. We often say "know yourself and know yourself" or "I think therefore I am", which is actually the origin of humanism, because this humanism emphasizes the individual, advocates giving full play to people's subjective initiative, and has a positive side, so it is highly respected. Because this theory especially emphasizes the positive essence and value of human beings, rather than focusing on people's problem behaviors, such as being different from behaviorism, equating people with animals, and only studying people's behaviors without understanding people's inner essence, and being different from Freud, only studying neurosis and mental patients without examining the psychology of normal people, this has formed the third kind of psychological force humanism. Because it inherits western classical philosophy and existentialism, it rationally analyzes and emphasizes human growth and development, and forms a humanistic psychology called self-realization.
The whole book 16 chapters, the first chapter is William? Krubeck and Martin? Types and development of world outlook in Weinbaum's metaphysical system. What it says is that in people's life and world outlook, among them, in life, friends should be regarded as the driving force to enhance personal value, and every member of the family occupies a clear position in our life, so we should start from knowing ourselves and know humanism.
The second chapter, Adler's Social Aspects of Psychological Life, shows that individuals also need the needs of group life from the perspective of individual's inseparable from collective life, in which the author shows that social life is a necessary environment to realize personal value from the content of division of labor. What is particularly worth mentioning here is that the author puts forward the "ideal individual", that is, to establish and maintain the virtues of responsibility, loyalty, frankness and pursuit of truth on the principle of universal and effective group life. In particular, the socialist core values we pursue are consistent, because these are all positive social emotions. Therefore, as individuals, we also need to cultivate deep social feelings, such as cultivating our socialist core values, in order to become a complete person and form an ideal individual personality.
From the third chapter, most of them are Maslow's main works, and the third chapter is psychological arguments and human values. Here, the author gives the characteristics of a self-fulfilling and growing healthy person: such as a clear and effective perception of reality; Willing to accept experience; Full of energy; Take objectivity, creativity, democracy, love and other ten points as a reference, so that readers have a deep understanding. In The Power of Retrogression: Psychopathology, we know that criticizing Freud only studies neurosis and mental patients, but does not examine the psychology of normal people. There is a mistake of "blindly relying on reason". Therefore, we must understand the dialectical relationship between disease and health, so as to help us break the balance and move towards health. The fourth chapter is that Maslow started from existentialism and combined with psychology to form his independent "humanistic psychology" in schools of psychology.
The fifth chapter is Goldstein's "Exploring Motivation from the Perspective of Organism". He concluded through analysis and argumentation that the basic tendency of an organism is to realize its own ability and personality as much as possible, that is, self-realization. In addition, the author believes that physical motivation is closely related to treatment, that is, kindness to help patients. Chapter VI Maslow's theory of human motivation is his most outstanding psychological theory, which is Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which is naturally a compulsory course in psychology in higher education, namely physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love, respect for needs and self-realization. The seventh chapter is the analogy of basic needs, which specifically analyzes the instinct theory about basic needs, emphasizes that human instinct has plasticity, flexibility, adaptability and learning ability, and strongly criticizes that human can only be an animal attribute of activism. It can be seen that people will have other measures exclusive to others. The eighth chapter "advanced needs and low-level needs" is to deepen the analysis of the hierarchy theory of needs, while the ninth chapter "creativity of self-actualizers" emphasizes that the creativity of self-actualizers first emphasizes personality, not achievements, and thinks that these achievements are incidental phenomena produced by individuals, so they are secondary. It emphasizes personality traits: boldness, courage, freedom, initiative, clarity, integration, self-identity and so on. What is very recognized is that the creativity of self-actualizers is almost equal to basic human nature, or it is a necessary or remarkable feature of basic human nature.
Chapter 10 "Self-realization and Transcendence", in which Maslow quoted Kuby's The Forgotten by Education to explain the significance of education, which is very enlightening. In other words, the purpose of education is to help people become real people and complete people, and the significance of education is to inspire the educated to realize themselves and even surpass themselves.
Bohr's Treatments here and now and chapters 1 1 and 12 of Peeling Onions tell us that gestalt therapy is an empirical therapy. This is a kind of cognition, experience and awakening to one's own disease, and it is a self-treatment method of self-cultivation. This correct self-evaluation therapy is not only of great help to the recovery of patients, but also teaches us to live in the present, live in the present, don't worry too much, and naturally relax, so as to maintain a positive attitude towards future life. "Peeling onions" emphasizes that when we encounter problems, the solution should follow the principle of "peeling onions one layer at a time" and decompose the problems to solve them.
Of course, the last few chapters are all Maslow's good works, such as psychotherapy, health and motivation, normality, health and values, peak experience as a keen identity experience, education and peak experience, among which the sixteenth chapter, education and peak experience, is particularly worth mentioning. After reading this chapter, in family education, you will let three-year-old children learn dance, music and other art education, because of this.
The book "Human Potential and Value" brings together the opinions of many experts in humanistic psychology, especially Maslow's works. This is not only a psychological work, but also a life philosophy work, which helps readers to re-recognize themselves, deeply explore their talents and potentials, realize the value of life and bravely climb the peak of life.