Luban (507 BC-444 BC), a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, was named Ji, who was defeated by the public and was a famous class. He was called a public defeat, a public defeat, a public defeat, and a public defeat. He was also called Lu Ban or Lu Lei, and was called "Lu Ban" in the past. Luban's name has actually become a symbol of the wisdom of the ancient working people.
Ou Yezi, the sword maker.
Ou Yezi (about 5 14 BC), a Vietnamese from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period, was the originator of ancient sword casting in China and the founder of Longquan sword. One is a Fujian craftsman who lives in the ancient Oujiang River basin. Fuzhou was called Yecheng in ancient times, and Yeshan and Ou leafpool in the north of Fuzhou were the places where Ou Yezi cast swords. In addition, Zhan Lu in northern Fujian and Seven Stars Well in Longquan, Zhejiang have the remains of Ou Yezi's sword casting.
When Ou Yezi was born, it coincided with the disputes among countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. First Wu conquered Chu, and then wuyue annexed 45 countries in the south of the Yangtze River. As a teenager, he learned metallurgical technology from his mother-in-law and began to smelt bronze swords, iron hoes, iron axes and other production tools. He is willing to use his head and has extraordinary wisdom; He is strong and can work hard. He discovered the difference between copper and iron and forged China's first iron sword "Long Yuan" (later renamed Longquan Sword), which was the first cold weapon in China.
Ding Huan was a famous craftsman and inventor in the Western Han Dynasty. There have been many inventions, one of which is the invention of "incense burner", which is similar to today's air conditioner.
Wei Boyang was born in Shangyu (now Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province). Living 1800 years ago, the alchemist in the Eastern Han Dynasty (alchemy is smelting) was honored as "the king of immortal classics" by later generations. After years of practical experience, I wrote the book of changes, an immortal work, which is the first existing smelting work in the world.
Dai Kui was a famous stone carver in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Modest and skillful, it is said that he carved the Longmen Buddha statue in Luoyang.
Pei Xiu is an outstanding cartographer in China. He presided over the completion of China's earliest historical atlas, Gong Yu Area Map and Abbot Topographic Map. The "six-body map" created in practice became the earliest map theory in the world.
Wu Huaiwen (date of birth and death unknown) was a famous metallurgist in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. A new steelmaking method was created, which was later called "casting steel method" or "block steel method". This is an outstanding achievement and creation in China's metallurgical history and occupies a certain position in the world's steelmaking history.
Liu Zhuoxin, born in Duchangting (now Jixian County, Hebei Province), was a scientist in Sui Dynasty. Liu Zhuo wrote all the research results of his life into the Almanac, and his greatest achievement was to put forward the quadratic interpolation formula with equal spacing, which was the first time in the world.
2. The story of ancient craftsmen 50 words The name of the craftsman in the ancient history of China was Lu Ban.
Luban (507 BC-444 BC), surnamed Ji, is a famous class. He was called Gong Bo, Gong Bo and Bo Ban, and was honored as Gong Bo Zi. Also known as Luban or Lu, it is used to be called "Luban". Lu, now Tengzhou, Shandong. Born in the 13th year of Zhou (507 BC) and died in the 25th year of Zhou Pingzhen (444 BC), he was an outstanding inventor in ancient China. His name and story have been circulated among the broad masses of the people for more than two thousand years. Chinese folk craftsmen all respect him as the founder. It is recorded in many ancient books, such as The Pearl, The Origin of Everything, and A Textual Research on Ancient History. He thinks that many tools and appliances used by carpenters were created by him, such as square (also called Lu Banchi), and the legends of tools such as Mo Dou, planer, drill and saw were also invented by Lu Ban. The invention of these woodworking tools liberated the craftsmen at that time from the original heavy labor, and the labor efficiency was doubled, and the civil technology was completely new. Later, in memory of this famous master, people regarded him as the ancestor of China folk craftsmen.
Bian Que was a famous doctor in ancient times.
One day, he went to see Cai Huanhou. After studying Cai Huanhou's face carefully, he said, "Your Majesty, you are ill.
Now the disease is only on the surface of the skin. Quick treatment is easy to cure. "Cai Huanhou disapprovingly said," I'm not sick. I don't need you to treat me! " After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou said to his left and right, "These doctors have to treat people who are not sick all day, so they can prove their medical skills in this way. "
Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again. He said anxiously, "Your illness has developed to muscle.
You have to treat it quickly! "Cai Huanhou cocked his head." I am not sick at all! You go! Cai Huanhou was very unhappy after Bian Que left. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again.
He looked at Cai Huanhou's face and said anxiously, "Your Majesty, your illness has entered your stomach. You can't wait any longer!" Cai Huan Hou shook his head again and again: "Damn, what's wrong with me!" " After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou became even more unhappy. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again.
He only took one look, turned around and left. Cai Huanhou was very puzzled, so he sent someone to ask Bian Que, "Why did you turn around and leave when you went to see the king?" Bian Que said, "You are not afraid of getting sick. As long as it is treated in time, the general disease will gradually get better.
I'm afraid I'm sick and say I'm not sick. I won't accept treatment. If the disease is in the skin, you can use hot compress; If the disease is in the muscles, acupuncture can be used; You can take soup medicine if your stomach is uncomfortable.
However, now the king's illness has penetrated into the bone marrow. I was very ill, so I resigned myself to my fate and dared not seek treatment for the king again. "
Sure enough, five days later, Cai Huanhou's illness suddenly broke out. He sent for Bian Que at once, but Bian Que has gone to other countries.
A few days later, Cai Huanhou died of illness. 【 Tip 】 If you have a disease, you must follow the doctor's instructions and treat it honestly.
If there are shortcomings and mistakes, we should also listen to everyone's criticism with an open mind and seriously correct them. Otherwise, if you make mistakes again and again, your illness will get worse and worse, and your mistakes will get worse and worse, even to the point where there is no cure.
[Original] Bian Que saw Cai Huangong ① and had a room ②. Bian Que said: "You get sick in reason 3, and if you don't treat it, you will be afraid." Huan Hou said, "I have no disease."
Leave Bian Que. Huan Hou said, "A good doctor counts merits."
After living in 10 days, Bian Que saw him again and said, "Your disease is in the skin. If you don't treat it, it will get better." The result was ignored again.
Leave Bian Que. Huan Hou is unhappy again.
Ten days later, Bian Que walked in and said, "Your illness is in your stomach, and the treatment will be more serious." The result was ignored again.
Leave Bian Que. Huan Hou is unhappy again.
On the 10th, Bian Que watched Huan Hou go. Huan Hou makes people ask.
Bian Que said: "The disease is in reason, and the soup is burning." In the skin, the needle stone is also within reach; In the stomach, fire is everywhere (11); In bone marrow, Siming belongs to (12), but there is no way! Now in the bone marrow, I have no invitation (13). "After living for five days, Huan Gong was sore; I sent someone to look for it (14). I have escaped from the state of Qin.
Huan Hou died (15). -"Everything is done" [Note] 1 Bian Que-a famous physician during the Warring States Period.
(2) between-for a while. (3) Illness-Ancient diseases refer to minor diseases, while diseases refer to serious diseases.
The principle of "C2U"-originally refers to the texture of human skin. This refers to the skin.
(4) I am an ancient self-styled monarch. Good-I like it.
⑥-indicates that a period of time has passed. All landowners benefit-more.
Today, go-turn around and go. Pet-name ruby Tang (yù n)-scald the skin with hot water.
And-reach out. Attending the needle stone-a needle used for acupuncture.
In ancient times, bian stone was used to treat diseases. (1 1) Hodge-fire frying.
(12) Siming's ownership-in the hands of death. God who controls life and life and death.
(13) I didn't ask for it-so I don't want it anymore. (14) seek-seek.
(15) So-just. Carve a monkey at the top of the thorn, and the prince posted lists everywhere to collect skilled craftsmen.
A patriotic man came to apply for the job, claiming that he could carve a lifelike monkey on a thorn. The prince was very happy to hear that he had such superior skills, and immediately gave him extremely generous treatment and provided him with supplies.
A few days later, the prince wanted to see the artistic treasures carved by the skillful craftsman. The patriotic man said, "If the monarch wants to meet, he must follow my two conditions: first, he must not enter the harem to meet his concubines within six months; Second, don't drink or eat meat.
Then choose a rainy day and sunrise, and in the half-bright and half-dark light, you can see the monkey I carved on the top of the thorn. "Hearing these conditions, the prince couldn't do it. He could only continue to feed wei ren in the palace with luxurious food, but he never had a chance to appreciate the treasures he carved.
A blacksmith in the palace could not help laughing secretly. He said to the prince, "I specialize in making knives."
As we all know, even the smallest carving can only be carved with a meat cleaver, so the carved thing must be larger than the blade of the meat cleaver. If the tip of the thorn is too thin to accommodate the smallest blade, you can't carve on it.
Please check the craftsman's carving knife, and you will know whether what he said is true or not. The king woke up like a dream. He immediately called the patriotic people and asked, "What tool did you use to carve monkeys on the top of thorns?" Weiguo replied, "Carve a knife."
The prince said, "Please show me your meat cleaver." Hearing this, wei ren panicked, said he would go to the mansion to get the meat cleaver, and slipped out of the palace and ran away.
[Hint] Cowhide and lies, no matter how clever, can't stand serious investigation and careful analysis. According to this fable, people often call lies "the theory of thorns".
It should be noted that the cowhide boasted by China people in the story should be distinguished from today's micro-carving art. With the development of the times and the progress of technology, people can carve hair with very fine carving knives, magnifying glasses and microscopes.
But one or two thousand years ago, people's technology could not reach such a high level. The blacksmith's analysis and judgment in the story is based on the level at that time.
[Original] The prince invited a skillful magician, and the guardian said, "You can use the spiny tail as a female monkey." The prince said, and lifted it five times.
The king said, "I try to observe that the guest is a thorny female monkey." The guest said, "If you want to see the fourth one, you must not be an official for half a year, and you can't drink or eat meat. Rain and fog start at 6 o'clock, see you between the shade. Female monkeys with thorns can also be seen. "
4. The story of three craftsmen In real life, when we do everything, do we have a sense of mission and the effect is completely different.
The following stories of these three craftsmen can simply illustrate this truth. There are three craftsmen building a house together.
Passers-by asked what they were doing. The first craftsman said blankly, "can't you see I'm busy?" The foreman arranged for me to lay bricks.
"The second craftsman said excitedly," I'm building a big house. After the house is completed, many people can live there. The third craftsman proudly said, "I want to make this city more beautiful."
I will try my best to praise everyone in this city. Our city is the most beautiful. This is what I have to do in my life! "Ten years later.
The first craftsman was an ordinary craftsman, burying his head in bricks.
The second craftsman became an engineer, directing everyone to build houses on the construction site. The third craftsman became the designer of this city. Under his planning, the city has become more and more beautiful.
In this story, the first craftsman is busy every day. He regards his daily busyness as a routine, just listens to other people's arrangements and forgets when he finishes. He never considers setting up his own mission, nor does he look for the meaning behind his work, so he has no motivation to work and muddle along. Time passed day by day and year by year, and he was always an ordinary craftsman.
Although the third craftsman is also building a house, he has a mission in his heart to add beauty to the city. As you can imagine, because of his mission, this craftsman has a clear goal, and he constantly pays and works hard for it.
In this way, year after year, he won a wonderful life for himself in the process of practicing his mission.
5. Looking for 10 classical Chinese ancient stories. There is a website in classical Chinese. Please have a look for yourself!
/puton/index
Example:
Zhongyong's regret
Fang Zhongyong, a native of Jinxi, is cultivated in the world. Zhong Yongsheng lived for five years and didn't understand books and tools. Suddenly he cried for it. The father, on the other hand, borrowed from the side and approached it, that is, four sentences of books and poems, which were named after themselves. His poems were written for adoptive parents and families and passed down to a scholar in a township. Nature refers to things as poetry, and its arts and sciences are considerable. People in the city are very surprised. They are a little nicer to their father or beg with coins. My father's interest is natural, and he will always pay tribute to the city people and let him be ignorant.
I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, it has been twelve or thirteen years since our ancestors went home and saw them at my uncle's house. To write a poem, you can't call it the smell of the past. Seven years later, I returned to my uncle's house from Yangzhou and asked him, "I lost everyone."
The prince said, "Zhong Yong has a good understanding of the sky. It is also unique and far superior to talent; If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others. He is a man who receives heaven, so he is a saint, and he who does not receive heaven is for all. Today's husband is not affected by the weather, and everyone is very practical; Do you want to do evil for everyone if you don't accept it? " .
Translation:
Fang Zhongyong is a civilian in Jinxi County, who has been farming for generations. When Zhong Yong was five years old, he had never seen writing tools, and suddenly he cried for them. My father was surprised by this, so he borrowed it from his neighbor's house. He immediately wrote four poems and wrote his own name. The content of this poem is to support parents and unite people of the same clan, and spread it to the whole town for viewing. From then on, someone asked him to write a poem, and he could finish it at once. The literary talent and authenticity of this poem are worthy of appreciation. People in the same county were shocked by him and gradually invited his father to be a guest. Some people asked Zhong Yong to write poems with money and gifts. His father thought it was profitable. He took Fang Zhongyong to visit people in the same county every day to stop him from studying.
I've heard a long time ago. In the era of Ming Dow, I followed my late father back to my hometown and met Fang Zhongyong at my uncle's house. He is twelve or thirteen years old. Let him write poetry, which is out of proportion to what he heard before. Seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house to ask about Fang Zhongyong. My uncle said, "He can disappear completely, just like ordinary people."
Mr. Wang said: our knowledge and understanding ability are innate. His talent is far higher than that of ordinary talented people. Because he didn't get the education the day after tomorrow, he finally became an ordinary person. Because he is born smart, so smart, he still wants to be an ordinary person without an acquired education. Therefore, those ordinary people who are not born smart now may not be ordinary if they don't receive the acquired education.
6. Seek the story of China's ancient classical Chinese. Enter the city with a pole.
Lu has a long pole to enter the city gate, which can't be entered vertically or horizontally. An old father in Russia said: "I am not a saint, but I have seen many." Why don't you use a saw to go in? " Then cut it off.
[Problem solving process]
There was a man in the state of Lu who walked into the city gate with a long pole. At first he stood up and held it, but he couldn't get into the gate. He came and hugged, but he couldn't get into the gate. I really can't think of a way. After a while, an old man came and said, "I am not a saint, but I have seen many things." Why not use a saw to cut off the long pole and enter the city gate? " So the Lu people listened to the old man's method and cut off the long pole.
7. Ancient Inventor Story Before the middle of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, folk craftsmen had been engaged in primitive and heavy labor.
It was not until a great inventor used his wisdom to create many clever tools that they were freed from those boring jobs. He is Lu Ban. Luban is one of the outstanding civil construction craftsmen in ancient China, and also an outstanding inventor with many creations in legend.
For more than two thousand years, it has been regarded as the "founder" by folk craftsmen and respected and commemorated by people. Lu Ban, surnamed Gong Bo, is a native of Lu. Because "Xiang" and "Ban" are homophonic and common in ancient times, people often call him Lu Ban.
Lu Ban was born in the 13th year of Zhou Dynasty (507 BC) and died in the 25th year of Zhou Zhenping (444 BC). This is a period of high socio-economic development of slavery in China, and it is also a historical period of the transition from slavery to feudalism.
At that time, urban architecture and water conservancy work had already reached a considerable scale, and iron tools had gradually extended to various social production fields, which greatly promoted the development of social production. The development of social production provided a material basis for the disintegration of slavery and the formation of feudalism.
The rule of slave owners and nobles declined day by day, and slave uprisings and riots broke out one after another. The government handicraft industry controlled by slave owners was broken, and many handicraft slaves were liberated, so independent individual craftsmen appeared.
It is said that Luban was a slave craftsman who was liberated during this period, so he had the freedom to travel and work everywhere. The invention of the saw You may remember the article in the primary school textbook about Lu Ban's invention of the saw.
Legend has it that one year Luban accepted a big task-building a big palace. This requires a lot of wood, but the project deadline is very tight.
Lu Ban's disciples went up the mountain to cut firewood every day, but there was no saw at that time, so they had to cut it with an axe. The efficiency is too low, and the disciples are tired every day, but the wood is still far from enough, which delays the progress of the project. At that time, failure to complete the task of slave owners would be severely punished. Luban was in a hurry and personally went up the mountain to inspect.
When he went up the mountain, he occasionally pulled out a handful of weeds growing on the mountain and his hand was cut at once. Lu Ban wants to know why a blade of grass is so sharp. He broke the grass and observed it carefully. He found many small teeth on both sides of the grass, and his hand was cut by these small teeth.
Since grass teeth can cut my hands, iron bars with many small teeth should be able to saw through trees. So, with his idea and the help of metal craftsmen, Lu Ban made the world's first saw-an iron bar with many small teeth.
He sawed trees with this simple saw, which was really fast and labor-saving, and the saw was invented. Whether this story is true or not, we can get such a revelation from this story: practice makes true knowledge and research wisdom.
Everyone's success has internal and external influences. The continuous progress of Luban's craft is inseparable from his own efforts and the help of his family.
Lu Ban was born into a family of artisans for generations. Since childhood, I have participated in many civil engineering projects with my family, gradually mastered productive labor skills and accumulated rich practical experience. Do you know "Banmu" and "Banmu": the small hook used to draw ink lines is also called "Banmu", and the bayonet that sticks against wood when planing wood is also called "Banmu"? Why? It turns out that Lu Ban's mother and wife are also engaged in productive labor, which helps Lu Ban a lot.
It is said that the origin of "Ban Mu" is like this: When Lu Ban was doing carpentry and paying off debts with Mo Dou, it was his mother who pulled the ink line. Later, after many experiments, the mother and son tied a small hook to the ink line. When paying-off, hook one end of the wood with a small hook, which can replace the hand pull and be operated by one person.
From now on, I don't have to ask my mother to help me play with chalk lines. Later, carpenters named this small hook "Half Wood" to commemorate this creation.
The legend of the origin of "Ban's wife" is that Lu Ban first planed wood by his wife and then switched to bayonets. Tell an episode, according to the description in Jade Scrap: Luban has been building houses for people outside these years, and it has been very hard.
His wife, Yunshi, used her brains and made an umbrella to take with her when she went out on business, so that she could keep out the wind and rain. Today, umbrellas are still an indispensable tool in people's daily life.
It can be seen that the influence of Luban family on Luban is still great. Lu Ban's Other Inventions Lu Ban made many inventions in his life.
It is recorded in many ancient books, such as Things, Events and Ancient History. He invented many tools and instruments used by carpenters.
The carpenter's ruler (also called moment) was created by Lu Ban, so it is also called Lu Banchi. Mo Dou, planer, drill, chisel, shovel and other tools are also said to have been invented by Lu Ban.
According to historical records, the stone mill was also invented by Lu Ban. Mill, formerly known as Wei, was called mill in Han Dynasty. This is a machine that processes rice, wheat and beans into flour.
Since mankind entered the agricultural society, it has become a daily chore to remove the hulls of grains and break beans and wheat. The early method was to crush or crush the grain with stones. Later, people put the grain in a stone mortar and pounded it with a pestle.
Although this is a great progress of ancient grain processing tools, it is still time-consuming and laborious. Then compare the mashing, and find that the grinding effect is good and labor-saving.
Legend has it that Lu Ban, inspired by the wisdom of the working people, used two hard round stones to cut into dense shallow grooves, put them together, and turned them by human or animal power to grind rice noodles into powder. This is the mill that has been widely used in China for more than two thousand years.
The invention of the mill changed Chu Jiu's up-and-down movement into rotary movement, and Chu Jiu's intermittent work into continuous work, which greatly reduced the labor intensity and improved the production efficiency, which was a great progress. The real situation of how Luban invented the mill cannot be verified, but according to archaeological excavations, there were stone rolling pins and stone millstones during the Yangshao culture period from 6,000 to 6,500 years ago.
During the Longshan culture period (about 4000 years ago), Chu Jiu already existed. Therefore, it is possible to invent the mill in Luban era.
Lu Ban is not only the "founder" of folk craftsmen, but also an outstanding mechanical inventor. There is no trace on the outside of the lock he made.