Level 2: Member of the Secretariat of the Political Bureau, Vice Chairman, Vice Premier, State Councilor, Vice Chairman of the Military Commission, Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Vice President of the Supreme Court, and Procurator-General of the Supreme Procuratorate.
Level 3: Party Secretary of the Ministry, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, Governor of the Provincial People's Congress and Chairman of the Provincial Political Consultative Conference, which is quite ancient.
Level 4: Deputy ministerial level and provincial level, equivalent to the ancient level 2.
Level 5: director, equivalent to three grades, director, equivalent to four grades, and prefecture-level mayor inspector, equivalent to five to six grades.
Grade 6: Deputy departmental level, deputy municipal level, assistant inspector, same as above, but subordinate to grade.
Seven levels: director, city director, county magistrate researcher, equivalent to the ancient seven products.
Grade 8: assistant researcher at deputy division level and county division level, which is quite ancient.
Grade 9: section chief, city director, county director and township director, quite ancient.
Level 10: deputy section chief, section chief, assistant to the deputy director of the township, quite ancient.
1 1 grade: clerk, civil servant below the county level, equivalent to ancient nine products.
/kloc-grade 0/2: clerk, quite ancient from the ninth grade.
1, satrap. The Warring States called the county chief, and the Han Dynasty changed it to the satrap, and he was the chief of a county. Qin Fen No.30
Six counties, bigger than counties. Equivalent to the mayor of the current provincial capital city.
2. Historical Secretariat. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the whole country into thirteen states, and the secretariat was in charge of the military and political power of one state. Equivalent to the province
The prefecture (city) governor is also the commander of the provincial (city) military (sub-military) region.
3. Jing Zhaoyin. Chief executive of gyeonggi, western han dynasty. Equivalent to the mayor of Beijing.
4. Qiu. Qin and Han dynasties set it as the first of the country's military and political affairs. Equivalent to the Secretary of Defense.
5. The more you ride the captain. It was established in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Equivalent to the garrison commander.
6. Ding Wei. A minister in charge of law and presiding over important cases. Equivalent to the President of the Supreme Court.
7. History Department Shangshu. In charge of the assessment, rewards and punishments of civil and military officials throughout the country. Equivalent to the Minister of Personnel.
8. Dr. Guanglu. The emperor's adviser. It is equivalent to the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee.
9. Book order. Responsible for issuing the orders of the emperor. Equivalent to the "two offices" secretary-general. [
10, Shangshuling. Participating in major policies and comprehensively managing government affairs is the first of 100 officials. Quite prime minister.
1 1, ride the general. Respect for status has increased the number of ministers. Equivalent to marshal army _.
12, marching manager. The general who led the army to war. Equivalent to the commander-in-chief of the front line.
13, the suggestion of Duchayuan. The highest supervisory institution in ancient times. Equivalent to the Minister of Supervision.
14, magistrate. The local governor is responsible for state and county affairs. Equivalent to the governor (or provincial city)
Long).
As we all know, 15. The local chief executive. Equivalent to the mayor of a provincial capital city.
16, magistrate of a county. The local chief executive. Equivalent to the county magistrate.
17, through sentences. Government representatives. Equivalent to vice governor (or vice mayor of a provincial city).
18, military command. Big officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Equivalent to the director of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau.
19, push the official. The name of execution is the reality of praise. Equivalent to the director of the policy department of the Supreme Court.
20, everything. Hand-held cash register moves text. The Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Supervision and other ministries have internal directors.
2 1, give something. The emperor forbade the guards. Equivalent to the life or political secretary of the Fuehrer.
22.experience Head of institutions affiliated to ministries and commissions. Equivalent to the heads of secondary institutions of ministries and commissions. [
23. pedestrians For scheduling. Equivalent to the staff of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
24. Dian Bao. Xie Sibao holds the jade seal. Equivalent to two metre cadres in charge of the seal.
25. xian cheng. Assist the county magistrate to govern a county. Equivalent to the deputy county magistrate.
26, the main thin. Manage money, grain and household registration. Equivalent to the director of food or the director of household registration.
27. calibration Acting official position. Secretary level.
28. professor The government supervises and inspects students. Equivalent to the director of the provincial education department.
29. Teaching. County palm teaching. Director of county education.
30.discipline Assist academic officials at the same level to educate students. Equivalent to the deputy director of the Education Department.
3 1, tax ambassador. Zhang county taxation office. Equivalent to the tax Commissioner.
32. Official orders. State officials are responsible for prisons and official affairs. Deputy departmental level cadres of the municipal government.
33. Ordinary towns. A senior military attache guarding the local area. Equivalent to the commander of the military region.
Participants. Guard the local commanders and soldiers, and guard each road separately. Commanders of the major military regions.
35. guerrillas. Under the leadership of the generals, he led troops to defend. A divisional officer in charge of defense. [
36. Dusit. Under a guerrilla, he is responsible for flood control and military affairs. Youth League cadres in charge of flood control.
37. Tongzhou Assistant officials of the country. Equivalent to the deputy mayor.
38. check. An official in charge of local security. Deputy director of county public security bureau, in charge of public security work.
39. Assistant Minister. An official who waits on the emperor. An official of the Central Guard Bureau (a friend suggested that it is equivalent to
The current deputy minister).
40. Bookkeeper. Responsible for official records and library affairs. Librarian.
The governor is the chief executive of a province, that is, the current governor.
The position of the governor is more powerful than that of the governor, who governs the governor.
For example, the governor of Shaanxi and the governor of Gansu, there is a governor of Shaanxi and Gansu who is in charge of the government and military affairs of the two provinces.
Modern cities were called prefectures in ancient times, such as Yingtianfu in Ming Dynasty, jiangning house and Zhifu in Qing Dynasty, which were equivalent to the current mayors.
The situation of ancient official positions involves official signatures, official names, official positions and so on. The situation in each dynasty is different. Generally, it can be divided into two categories: central bureau and local bureau.
1. Central office
The State of Qin set up a central organization consisting of the Prime Minister, Qiu and an ancient scholar. The prime minister is in charge of administration, Qiu is in charge of military affairs, and the censor is in charge of supervision and secretarial work. The Han dynasty generally followed the Qin system and was called the Three Fairs. Nine chats, in charge of all aspects of government affairs, later evolved into three provinces and six departments. The three provinces are Zhongshu (decision-making), Menxia (deliberation) and Shangshu (implementation), and the governors of the three provinces are all prime ministers. Song dynasty expanded the authority of Zhongshu province, and the Privy Council was divided into civil and military powers. Under the door, ministers save waste. The cabinet of the Ming Dynasty was the highest administrative body, with the minister as assistant minister and the chief minister as video (that is, prime minister). In the military department of the Qing Dynasty, Wang, Gong and Shang Shu were ministers of military aircraft, who were in charge of state affairs.
The six departments refer to the "official department, which is in charge of the appointment, removal, assessment and promotion of officials; The Ministry is responsible for land registration, taxation and finance; Ritual department, in charge of ceremonies, science, schools and other things; Ministry of war, in charge of military affairs; The penal department, in charge of judicial prisons; The Ministry of Industry is in charge of engineering construction, water conservancy and other matters. " The minister is a minister and the deputy minister is an assistant minister. There are practitioners, deputy foreign ministers and subordinate officials in charge.
In addition, the central government also has specialized agencies and officials responsible for managing books, editing history and making calendars. For example, Sima Qian and Zhang Heng served as Taishiling. Gao Qi edited The History of Hanlin.
2. Local official positions
The main administrative areas in Qin and Han Dynasties were counties. Chief, Qin said chief, Korea said satrap. The main administrative area of Sui and Tang Dynasties was Zhou, which was called the secretariat by state officials, and its subordinate officials were Chang Shi and Sima. In some military towns in the Tang Dynasty. Our time has been set up, and the officials include marching Sima, staff officer and secretary in charge. In Song Dynasty, state officials were called breg and county officials were called breg. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the state was changed to the government, which was called the magistrate.
In addition, there were also counties in the Han Dynasty, and the world was divided into more than a dozen counties, all of which were basically monitoring areas. The central government sent officials to spy on the situation, calling it a secretariat. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were more than a dozen roads in China, also called prison areas. The central government sent officials to inspect them. These officials were called ambassadors. In the Song Dynasty, the whole country was divided into about twenty roads, and several departments were responsible for all aspects. In the Yuan Dynasty, the highest local administrative organization was called the book province in China, and in the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed the Chengxuan Bureaucracy Department, and it is still called "province" in custom.
Ancient official position
Ming dynasty (middle)
1, Sangong Sangu:
Sangong: Taishi, Taifu and Taibao (Zhengyipin)
Three orphans: Shao Shi, Shaofu and Shaobao (from Yipin)
There are Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu and Prince Taibao (from Yipin); Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu and Prince Shaobao (positive level 2)
These are officials, used to show their merits and lofty status, and have no actual jurisdiction.
Second, six:
Official Department, Household Department, Ritual Department, Ministry of War, Ministry of Punishment and Ministry of Industry (in order)
Each of the six ministries has a minister who is directly responsible to the emperor. Under the senior minister, there are left and right assistant ministers (deputy ministers), practitioners (directors) and principals.
Wait a minute.
Official department: responsible for the management, assessment and promotion of officials.
Household department: thirteen departments, which manage the revenue and expenditure and reimbursement of various places respectively.
Ritual department: in charge of national auspicious ceremonies, educational examinations, entertaining foreign guests, feasting and offering people, etc.
Ministry of War: Manage the military and political affairs in the world (military orders are managed by the Governor's Office of the Fifth Army)
Manage the names of punishments in the world.
Ministry of Industry: Manage construction, logistics, water conservancy, manufacturing, etc.
3. Inspector:
Directly under the supervision of the emperor.
There are suggestions from the left and right governors (positive level 2), the left and right deputy governors (positive level 3) and the left and right governors (positive level 4).
Then came the 13 supervision empire, which was responsible for the supervision of the provinces (at that time, China was divided into 13 provinces).
The six subjects belonging to the emperor are collectively called "science and Taoism" and belong to the category of officials.
4. Six families:
It is divided into six branches, namely officials, owners, soldiers and criminals. Each branch has one supervisor (plus seven items) and one on the left and right (from seven items).
Although the level of this matter is very low, it has great rights. The work assigned by the Emperor to various government offices was cancelled by six families every five days. If there is any success,
Or poor work, six subjects can report to the emperor. Six subjects can also participate in the election of officials, the emperor's command meeting, and the internal trial.
Officials. The most important thing is that the six families have the right to reply to the imperial edict. If the six families feel inappropriate, they can seal it back. number
Execute it.
5. Five temples:
Five temples are short for Five Yamen, including Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Taibu Temple and Split Temple.
Dali Temple: equivalent to today's court, it is the highest appellate body in China. Together with the Inspectorate and the Department of Punishment, it constitutes three legal departments.
Taichang Temple: Responsible for offering sacrifices.
Guanglu Temple: in charge of the banquet.
Taibu Temple: Managing Horses
Quik Temple: Responsible for entertaining foreign guests.
6. Master Zhan:
Master Zhan is the organization responsible for assisting the prince. There is a scholar who has the right path, a scholar who has the right four paths, and a successful scholar who has the right six paths.
Master Zhan has left and right spring pavilions, economic management department and main hall.
7, too hospital:
Imperial Hospital is responsible for the diagnosis and pharmacy of the court and nobles. It has an official in a fifth-level hospital, two judges in a sixth-level hospital and four doctors in an eighth-level hospital.
People, from nine types of officials to several people.
8, the academician courtyard:
It is equivalent to the integration of national universities and cadre colleges. The president of the Hanlin Academy is called Hanlin Bachelor (Zhengwupin), who is a bachelor's student.
People, two lecturers of undergraduate course (from the fifth grade), two lecturers of reading and two lecturers of teaching (from the sixth grade), can write after being admitted (from the sixth grade).
Be awarded this position. This position will be awarded after the second prize of editing (positive seven products) and flower exploration.
(local)
Counties and counties: supplemented by Xian Cheng, main book. Xiancheng assisted the magistrate in managing the county government, and was in charge of the county's grain tax and household registration. Sung river in the water margin seems to be a fairy city post station before going up the mountain.
Zhou, first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the whole country into 13 monitoring areas, which were called counties. The sheriff, known as the secretariat, is responsible for supervising county officials. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the secretariat was also called Zhou Mu. The Sui Dynasty abolished the organizational system of counties, leaving only states and counties.
The highest official in the Song Dynasty was known to all. There were two levels of states in Ming and Qing Dynasties: Zhili and Sanzhou.
Zhilifu is a province, at the same level as the government; The three States belong to the government and are at the same county level.
It is well known that officials have the same knowledge (called comrades in intelligent ABC) and the same judgment. They are responsible for finance, criminal law and public safety respectively. Zhili Prefecture in Qing Dynasty (76) scattered (48).
The governors of state capitals (Jingzhao Mansion, Henan Mansion and Taiyuan Mansion) are called states, and the states in Song Dynasty belong to Tao (between the central government and the states).
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, except for Governor Gyeonggi, who was still called Yin, it was generally called the magistrate. I can't help it I'm kyou-kan.
According to the situation of grain requisition, the Ming government was divided into three levels: more than 200 thousand in the previous dynasty, less than 200 thousand in the middle dynasty, less than 100 thousand in the next dynasty and less than 100 thousand in the next dynasty. China has more than 65,438+050 governments.
In the Song Dynasty, our military power was taken back. Later, our military power was only an honorary title, and only certificates were issued, but no real power was granted. Abolished in yuan dynasty.
Official title in Qing dynasty
Civil servants are divided into doctor, lang and Zuo lang, and military attaché s are divided into general, captain, riding captain and captain.
The civilian doctor is an official with more than five grades, Lang is an official with six to eight grades, and Zuo Lang is an official with less than eight grades.
Zheng cong
Dr. Yipin Guanglu, Dr. Rong Lu
Second, senior minister doctor Dr. Tong Feng
Discuss doctors with three products, and discuss doctors in the middle.
Four products, Dr. Zhong Xian, Dr. Chaoyi
Five products directly serve the doctor.
Liu Pin chengdelang rulinlang
Qi Wen Pin Lin Lang Zheng Shilang
Luo Zuolang, the Lang Xiuzhi of Bapinxiu
Do Deng Zuolang Deng Zuolang
From the perspective of six products and positive seven products, an official can be Xuandelang, with the same status as positive six products. You are also Deng Zuolang of do.
Among the military attaché s, the general is an official above the second level, the captain is an official at the third to fourth level, the captain on horseback is an official at the fifth to seventh level, and the captain is an official below the eighth level.
Zheng cong
General Yipin Jianwei, General Wei Zhen.
Second, General Wu Xian and General Wu Gong.
Sanpin Wuyi Dewey Wuyi Dewey
Sipin Zhaowu Dewey Xuanwu Dewey
Wu Pinwu Ride Commandant Wu Dezuo Ride Commandant
Six products, military commanders, military commanders and deputy military commanders.
Ride, hire, ride, and left ride.
Captain ba pin fen Wu fen Wu Zuo
& niobium