What are the classifications of psychological counseling?

What are the classifications of psychological counseling? Therefore, the classification of consultation content is very complicated, and there is no unified opinion at present, and the classification methods are not the same. Here, Shenzhen psychological counseling institutions make a simple classification according to the scope of counseling, so that everyone can have a general understanding.

According to the different scope of psychological counseling, the content of psychological counseling can be divided into four types:

1. Clinical psychological consultation

Counseling in this area includes counseling and treatment of various psychological disorders and mental diseases, such as neurosis, psychosomatic diseases and mild mental disorders.

2. School psychological counseling

This kind of consultation mainly helps to solve various psychological problems of school teachers and students, such as freshmen's inadaptability after learning, coordination of interpersonal relationship, difficulties in learning, application for school or choice of major, leisure life, intellectual development, correction of behavior problems and so on.

3. Management psychological counseling

This kind of psychological consultation mainly solves various psychological problems in enterprise management, such as interpersonal relationship, employee quality evaluation and employment, career interest and career choice, ability and skill analysis, human resource development and so on.

4. Family counseling This kind of counseling is also called life counseling. This kind of counseling mainly solves psychological problems such as love, marital emotional counseling, sexual life guidance and children's education.

There are many schools of psychology, and each school has its own theory. Let me say a few representative ones.

The school of psychoanalysis represented by Freud later evolved into a new psychoanalysis, starting from the solution of human desire and unconscious conflict.

The analytical psychology represented by Jung is knowledgeable, with the ultimate goal of spiritual perfection and focusing on the release of the collective unconscious complex.

Behaviorism school focuses on correcting wrong behaviors by learning new behaviors.

Cognitive school emphasizes people's reasonable cognition of different situations and avoids emotional misunderstanding.

Humanism is a color of philosophical school, which pays more attention to respect, establishes the relationship between consultation and visit wholeheartedly, and promotes its development.

Self-psychology represented by Adler focuses on the analysis of inferiority and compensation.

That's all,

What are the categories of psychological counselors? There are three levels of counselor occupation, namely, three-level counselor, two-level counselor and one-level counselor. Generally, the Ministry of Labor does not accept individual registration, because the requirements for personal education and work experience are strict, but if you want to register in the name of an individual, you must strictly follow the following registration conditions.

Psychological counselor level 3 (with one of the following conditions)

1. Bachelor degree or above in psychology, education or medicine.

Two, with psychology, education, medical college degree psychological counselor three-level formal training reached the required standard hours, and obtained a certificate of completion.

Three, with other professional bachelor degree or above, psychological counselor three-level formal training reached the required standard hours, and obtained a certificate of completion.

Psychological counselor level 2 (with one of the following conditions)

1. holds doctorate degrees in psychology, education and medicine.

Two, with a master's degree in psychology, education, medicine, psychological counselor secondary formal training reached the prescribed standard hours, and obtained a certificate of completion.

3. Those who have obtained the third-level professional qualification certificate of psychological counselors, engaged in psychological counseling for three consecutive years, reached the required standard hours after the second-level formal training of psychological counselors, and obtained the certificate of completion.

Four, with psychology, education, medicine, intermediate and above professional and technical professional qualifications, the psychological counselor secondary formal training to reach the required standard hours, and obtain a certificate of completion, engaged in psychological counseling for 3 years.

Psychological counselor level 1 (temporarily closed for those who meet one of the following conditions)

1. Obtained the doctor's degree in psychology, education and medicine, received the formal training of the standard hours stipulated by the psychological counselor, and obtained the certificate of completion, and has been engaged in psychological counseling for 3 years continuously.

Two, with a master's degree, obtained the second-class professional qualification certificate of psychological counselor, engaged in psychological counseling for three consecutive years, and obtained the certificate of completion after the first-class formal training of psychological counselor.

Three, with psychology, education, medicine, associate senior and above professional and technical professional qualifications, psychological counselors first-level formal training to reach the required standard hours, and obtain a certificate of completion, continuous engaged in psychological counseling for 3 years.

Where are you going to take the exam? If it is Wuhan, Hubei, we can help you sign up.

We come from Fiona Fang Education and Training Center in Kyushu, Wuhan. Our center offers training courses for professional psychological counselors, with strong teachers and a team of psychological education experts from a well-known university in Wuhan. Over the years, our passing rate is very high in the education and training industry. And we promise that if you fail in the exam, you can retrain for free for life until you pass.

What are the training forms of psychological counselors? Study according to the subject you choose. . There are many kinds of exams! Among the theoretical knowledge, the basic knowledge accounts for about 50% of the basic knowledge and the third-level skills in the third-level examination textbook; Usually in exercise books. Please do the exercise book twice more to ensure the correct rate. There are three basic knowledge, three-level skills and two-level skills in the second-level examination textbook. Psychological test accounts for a low proportion in the whole exam, so please review it according to your actual situation.

We don't usually worry about theoretical exams. Although there are many and fragmentary knowledge points, we can still try to remember them. Relatively speaking, the skill test paper is more difficult.

Skills test is divided into two parts: case uncertainty and case question and answer.

Vocational ability evaluation mainly examines three skills: psychological diagnosis skills, psychological counseling skills and psychological testing skills.

The third-level exam examines all the contents of the third-level textbook, and the second-level exam examines all the contents of the third and second levels.

Contents of uncertainty review of cases

The examination of case uncertainty generally consists of eight to twelve cases; Each case is divided into "general information" (the natural situation of the helper), "self-report of the helper", "supplementary information" (or information learned by the counselor), "extracted information" (or interview information) and "psychometric results".

Candidates answer the relevant questions behind the case according to the content given in the case. Generally speaking, according to your own situation, you can also browse the questions first and then look at the cases, which is more targeted. I suggest that you usually do more related topics or read all the cases in the book. So you won't be so nervous during the exam. Sometimes, the case on the test paper is the original content in the book. However, don't ignore the cases on the test paper. If we change the time, it may interfere with our diagnosis.

"Question-and-answer" exam questions:

The number of questions in the national vocational qualification examination is100; Single choice and multiple choice

Time of case quiz:

The case uncertainty test and the case question and answer test are combined into 120 minutes.

Scope of the "Case Uncertainty" exam:

It involves basic theory, consulting technology, measurement technology and diagnosis technology.

The proportion of "Case Uncertainty" examination: 60% (Grade II) and 80% (Grade III) of the total score of "Skills Examination"

The "Case Uncertainty" exam is a national standardized exam, which is answered with "answer sheet" and marked by machine.

Level 3 candidates must focus on the following:

1. The process of psychological diagnosis, mastering the three principles of distinguishing disease from non-disease, can make a preliminary diagnosis;

2. Basic psychological counseling skills, able to identify the skills used by psychological counselors in dialogue; Be able to preliminarily analyze the nature and type of impedance; Master the basic concepts, theories and implementation process of positive reinforcement method and reasonable emotional therapy.

3. Four kinds of psychological tests are commonly used, focusing on personality test, psychological behavior rating scale and stress-related test, to master the basic concepts, subscales and operation methods of intelligence test.

On the basis of mastering the above contents, level 2 candidates also need to master:

1. differential diagnosis, focusing on neurosis and the differences between neurosis and normal psychology and organic psychosis, as well as the differences within neurosis subtypes; Can make cause analysis from three levels: physiology, psychology and society;

2. Focus on counseling skills and Baker-Remy cognitive therapy. Other therapies need to understand their basic concepts and principles, and multiple-choice questions are the main questions in the exam. Group counseling skills are not the focus of skill examination.

3. In measuring skills, it is necessary to master the two-point coding of MMPI and the difference between MMPI-2 and MMPI, among which two-point coding focuses on reviewing four profiles: 12/2 1, 13/3 1, 68/86 and 28/82. For the interpretation of SCL-90 score, other scales should understand the basic principle, use method and standard.

The focus of this paper is psychological diagnosis skills.

The difficulty of the second-level exam is increasing, and the multiple-choice questions will increase than in the past. Pay attention to the examination skills and time allocation in the examination room.

[attention]

1 and the exam of case uncertainty are difficult and time is tight. Candidates need to read quickly and tick key words on the test paper with pencils, such as onset time, inducing factors, normality/deformation, impaired physical and mental social function, knowledge, emotion, will and behavior, etc., in order to gain time. Still look at the topic first, and look at the case according to the topic. Please combine your usual habit of doing problems. Of course, don't forget to draw cards correctly.

2. Before the first half of 2006, the "Case Uncertainty" exam always indicated multiple-choice questions and multiple-choice questions.

Case quiz is a special examination form in the national vocational qualification examination. It belongs to the non-standardized part of the national vocational qualification examination. The local labor administrative department is responsible for organizing relevant experts and scholars to score at the designated time and place.

[Note]:

1. Read the case, get a general understanding of the case, and circle the key contents of the case, such as time (pay attention to the time when symptoms or problems originated), symptoms or manifestations, clinical data: growth and development history, family history, disease history, marriage history, family relationship, physical examination, psychological evaluation, major life events, etc. Social occasions, working conditions.

2. Answer the frame according to the topic first, and then bring the unique information of the case into the frame according to the case, so as to complete the answer.

The exam is graded according to the score. If you are not sure, you can write more, but don't write irrelevant content.

Comprehensive evaluation method

Thesis defense examines candidates' observation ability, logical thinking ability, expression ability, interpersonal communication ability and self-control ability.

When replying, pay attention to the following contents:

1) Dress appropriately, you can refer to the teacher's clothing positioning to avoid not conforming to the counselor's dress.

2) generous and natural. You can speak as slowly as possible, so that you can think and organize your language while expressing goodwill.

3) The language expression is complete, and the phenomenon of half sentence is avoided as far as possible.

4) Answering ideas: first comprehensive, then specific, with positive ideas, and some questions are finally listed with other possibilities. Answer questions dialectically and avoid generalizing; Use professional terms and try to avoid the language listed in the lecture that is not in line with the identity of a psychological counselor (such as "sick" and "mental illness"). ).

5) You can make some mental preparations for some languages, basic theoretical knowledge, and hot issues in social life in advance, so as to be aware of them, but don't memorize them.

6) The defense mainly examines students' personal basic qualities as psychological counselors, so a good examination mentality is very necessary. Don't be nervous and avoid getting too excited (some candidates trigger their emotions in the exam and try to avoid interfering with personal emotions in their answers). Just like receiving visitors, it is peaceful and calm.

7) Before entering the examination room, you can relax yourself and relieve your nervousness.

8) Answer questions logically. Suggest to list the first point, the second point and the third point.

9) When you encounter problems that you are really unprepared for, you should be realistic and flexible, and never copy them mechanically. For example, "I really don't know this question, but after a preliminary analysis, I think …".

10) the students who answered the questions have a little communication with other students, and other students can prepare.

Exam skills: read the questions carefully and believe in yourself! "I can do it!"

The general professional ethics test questions are divided into two categories: the first category is the professional ethics knowledge part, which is closely combined with the professional ethics teaching materials. When you encounter questions with uncertain answers, you can choose according to the principle of "not illegal and immoral"; The second part is personal statement. Answering these questions should be as realistic as possible and consistent with the application. When you can't grasp it, you should follow the principle of "don't flatter yourself, don't sell yourself short" to make a choice. It is best to write according to social requirements.

Pay attention to the accuracy of multiple-choice questions in the exam, be brave in doing multiple-choice questions, and then quickly enter the essay questions to answer. In the second-level appraisal examination, the multiple-choice questions and essay questions play a decisive role. Don't waste more time on uncertain multiple-choice questions and delay the whole exam. Don't waste a point, and don't waste too much time on points you can't get. Finish the whole test paper first and mark it. If there is still time to think about it. Don't stick to that question from the beginning.

L When you do a question for the first time, the questions you will do first will not be left blank (be careful not to put the answers on the answer sheet by mistake when the questions are empty). All answer sheets should be answered, avoiding blank questions, and guessing, excluding and so on can be used.

I can mark the previous questions and empty questions and think about them later.

L multiple choice questions, only one answer is correct. For multiple-choice questions, more than two answers are correct. Skill multiple-choice questions are mixed questions, but before each question, it is indicated whether the topic is single choice or multiple choice, and attention should be paid to the examination of the questions when doing the questions. Don't lose points because you didn't see it clearly!

L multiple choice answer method:

Forward reasoning: reasoning based on memory

Exclusion: Exclude incorrect answers (combined with forward deduction)

Contrast method: compare this question with related content, compare the differences between the answers and then analyze the sensory selection method.

Please trust your first feeling unless you confirm other answers.

Overcoming the "Tongue Tip Effect" in the Examination

This is always the case in life. Some familiar things just can't be remembered at the moment, and there is a feeling that words can't be said to the mouth, which is called "tip effect" in psychology. The "tip of the tongue effect" is especially obvious when the mood is tense. Don't be nervous when you encounter such a situation in the exam. You can put this topic aside for the time being, do other questions first, think about this question later, and maybe you can come up with an answer.

Avoid hesitation and attach importance to intuitive thinking

In the process of exams, we often encounter this situation. When we think of several answers to a question, and think that all the answers are right and we can only choose one, candidates often get lost in thought and hesitate, and finally guess an answer. In this case, I suggest you adopt the first thought, that is, pay attention to the results of intuitive thinking. Intuitive thinking is based on past experience and knowledge level, so it has certain correctness and is more effective than guessing at random.

Grasp the examination time

After the test paper is opened, don't be busy answering questions, just browse it first; Understand the total number of questions and the difficulty of each question, roughly allocate the time spent on each question, and be aware of it, so that you can master it flexibly in the process of answering questions.

Matters needing attention in filling out the answer sheet:

L use answer sheets for all exams. You need to answer 125 in the first exam and 100 in the second exam. Remind everyone to pay attention to the answer sheet number, not right or wrong.

L When you answer the question, first tick the answer on the test paper. After answering 20 questions, it is more time-saving to uniformly paint the answer sheet. However, you must see that the question number corresponds well, or you can draw the card once every once in a while to avoid the phenomenon that it is too late to draw the answer sheet.

Another way: mark the corresponding position on the answer sheet while reading the questions, and start filling out the answer sheet after finishing all the questions. Prepare more 2B pencils and cut them into duckbills. You can buy a special pen for college entrance examination near the school, which not only saves the time of sharpening pencils, but also helps to smear cards.

L problems that should be paid attention to when filling in the answer sheet: the admission ticket number must be written correctly (individual candidates write more, less, and make mistakes). Keep the answer sheet flat and not easy to be damaged during the answering process (otherwise the machine will not read it); Don't draw cards too heavily, which will make the paper look uneven. Please touch up the paint according to the standard to avoid the phenomenon that the machine can't recognize it and affect its performance.

This article is written based on learning experience and collected data, hoping to help you pass the exam.

I hope you can give me more advice on your shortcomings.

Good luck in the exam! Get excellent results!

Believe in yourself!

There are exam review materials and real questions over the years

What kinds of inquiry methods are there in psychological counseling? You can find them anywhere. I guess what you want is more specific, right? ! Hmm. How interesting

1, straightforward, hello, please relax, can I help you?

2, implicit guidance, hello, don't be nervous, let's chat, my name is, and you?

In the consultation process, generally speaking,

1, ok, what do you think, what do you think ... open inquiry.

2. Wait a minute, your consciousness is ... semi-open query.

I'm sorry to interrupt, but do you think ..., how long have you been thinking about this, or ..., closed-ended inquiry is usually used when it is necessary to interrupt and determine the situation.

What kinds of psychological counseling are there? The types of psychological counseling can be divided into many types according to different standards. For example, according to the direct degree of consulting work, it can be divided into direct consulting and indirect consulting; According to the number of clients, it can be divided into individual counseling and group counseling; According to the consultation methods, it can be divided into communication consultation, telephone consultation, on-site consultation and outpatient consultation.

What are the qualification examinations for psychological counselors? : hi.baidu Qingjuan

Among the theoretical knowledge, the basic knowledge accounts for about 50% of the basic knowledge and the third-level skills in the third-level examination textbook; Usually in exercise books. Please do the exercise book twice more to ensure the correct rate. There are three basic knowledge, three-level skills and two-level skills in the second-level examination textbook. Psychological test accounts for a low proportion in the whole exam, so please review it according to your actual situation.