Rousseau's so-called negative education is an education that tries to avoid the adverse effects of the environment, let nature speak and let children grow up naturally. Negative education is not suitable for developing children's moral character, but to prevent children from becoming bad; Don't teach children knowledge, but prevent them from misunderstanding things. Rousseau believes that everything that comes from the hands of nature is good, but it goes bad from the hands of human beings. Especially before 12 years old, children should not be educated on the grounds that they do not have certain abilities. In Rousseau's view, before 12 years old, it is a rational sleep period, and moral education and knowledge education cannot be carried out at the same time. At this time, education should mainly focus on physical training, so that children can work, run, shout and keep moving. "Because of their constant activities, many affairs have to be carefully observed to understand their influence; He gained a lot of experience very early; His experience comes from nature rather than human beings; It is precisely because he has never seen other people's educational intentions that he can better educate himself. " In this way, his body and mind can get better exercise. He always acts according to his own ideas rather than others'. She became smarter and more judgmental. In this way, she will one day get what most people think she can't have at the same time, get the intelligence and physical strength that most great tasks have, and get the rationality of the wise and the vitality of the athletes.
(1) The importance of father education. Rousseau thinks that fathers play an irreplaceable role in children's education. Rousseau believes that fathers should educate themselves, and cannot evade their educational responsibilities on the pretext of poverty and work. Fathers can't pay others to educate their children. Rousseau specifically discussed why teachers can't be good educators. If he thinks that teachers are just a profession, they are paid and engaged in these professions for money. So, "Who will educate our children?" Only "ourselves". If you can't teach, find a friend to replace you. Besides, I don't think there is any other way.
The problem of tutor/teacher is not how to teach children knowledge. But let him know the child's behavior. His duty is not to teach children the rules of being a man directly, but to urge them to find out.
(2) the beginning of education. The child's initial feelings are completely emotional, and all he can feel is happiness and pain. Emotional feelings in turn make them subject to habits. The only habit a child should have is not to form any habits. Don't get used to using one arm instead of the other, and don't get used to eating, sleeping and moving at a fixed time. We should let him learn his freedom and physical strength as soon as possible, keep his body in a natural habit, and let him act according to his will once he has it. Also, the child must form a habit this morning, that is, don't order people, because he is nobody's master, and don't order things, because things won't listen to his orders. Therefore, when a child wants what she wants or what others want to give him, it is best to hold what he wants instead of bringing it to her.