Alfred Hitchcock (1899 August13-1980 April 29th), born in London, England, is a director, screenwriter, producer and actor with dual British and American citizenship.

1920 entered the film industry as a subtitle designer. 1922 directed his first film, 13th. 65438-0925 started directing films independently. 1926 The suspense film "The Tenant" written and directed by him became the work that laid the foundation for his film style. 1929' s thriller blackmail became the first talking film in Britain. The suspense film "Thirty-nine Steps" directed by 1935 laid the foundation for the spy thriller. 1938 won the Best Director Award of the New York Film Critics Association for his love suspense film The Missing Woman. 1939 went to the United States to develop the film industry. The suspense film Butterfly Dream directed by 1940 established its position in Hollywood and won the 13 Academy Award for Best Film. 194 1 year filmed the thriller "The Mystery of the Boudoir", which won the Best Foreign Language Film Award in the Japanese Film Decade Award. 1948 independently produced his first color film "The Soul".

1954 filmed the thriller "murder of dial m", using stereoscopic film technology for the first time. 1955 was nominated for the Best Director Award in the 27th Academy Awards for his suspense movie "Rear Window". The suspense drama Hitchcock Theater Season 1, directed and performed by 1958, won the 15 Golden Globe Award for Best TV Series. 1959 directed the suspense film "North by Northwest" and won the Silver Shell Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival. The thriller Psycho directed by 1960 indicates that psychological thriller has become a subtype of horror movies. 1968 won the 40th Academy Award and Owen Sulberg Memorial Award. 197 1 was awarded the Knights of the French Legion of Honor. 1979 won the Oscar Lifetime Achievement Award. 1980 was awarded the title of knight. In 2007, it was selected as "the first of 100 great directors in history" by the British film magazine TotalFilm.

Chinese name: Alfred Hitchcock.

alfred hitchcock

Alias: Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, Alfred Hitchcock Alfred Hitchcock.

Nationality: USA, UK

Constellation: Leo

Blood type: O type

Height: 170cm

Place of birth: Leiden Si Tong, London, England.

Date of birth:1Aug.89913rd.

Date of death:1April 29, 980

Occupation: director, actor

Graduate school: St. ignatius College, University of London.

Representative works: Rear Window, Psycho, North by Northwest, Butterfly Dream, Stranger on the Train.

Major achievements: Oscar Award, Irving Suberg Memorial Award.

American Directors Association Lifetime Achievement Award

American Academy of Motion Picture Arts Lifetime Achievement Award

Oscar lifetime achievement award

New York Film Critics Association Best Director Award

Religion: Catholicism

Early experience

Alfred Hitchcock was born into a Catholic family in the small town of Si Tong, Leiden, London, England. When he was young, he was confined by the police for being naughty, so he had a lifelong phobia of the police. From 65438 to 0907, he and his family moved to London.

10 In June, I started my three-year study life at St. ignatius School in London. 19 13, graduated from St. ignatius School in London. 19141February 12 received short-term training in engineering shipping school, during which she studied machinery, electricity, power and navigation.

19 15, working for Henry Telecom. 19 18, Hitchcock joined a telegraph company as an engineer and studied art at London University. 1965438+In June 2009, he published the short story "Anesthetic" in the enterprise magazine founded by the company.

Performance experience

English period

1920, Alfred Hitchcock entered the film industry as a subtitle designer; In the same year, I introduced myself to a studio of Lasky Star Company in Ilya, where I was promoted from a subtitle designer to a director, and then began to direct shooting scenes without dialogue.

From 65438 to 0922, Alfred Hitchcock studied under American director George Fitzmaurice, and learned the skills of film making from other film technicians. At the end of the year, he began to direct his first film "No.13", but he failed to finish shooting because of the break of the capital chain; In the same year, he served as a screenwriter, graphic designer, assistant director and assistant director of the romantic film Woman to Woman.

1923, became the assistant director of Graham Katz; In the same year, he participated in directing the drama "Tell Your Wife Always". 65438-0924 participated in the production of the silent film White Shadow, and served as the assistant director, editor and production designer of the film. 1925, he filmed the crime-themed film Happy Garden, which was Hitchcock's first independently directed work, and gave him the opportunity to study film production at Ufa Film Studio in Germany. In the same year, he directed the crime-themed film Villain.

1926 In May, the thriller Mountain Shadow was released in Germany. In the same year, the suspense film "Tenant" was filmed, and the crime conversion method was used for the first time in the film; As the first suspense film directed by Hitchcock, the film's photography angle, makeup set, light and shadow composition are all influenced by the German expressionist style, and this film has also become a work that lays the foundation for Hitchcock's personal style.

From 65438 to 0927, he was the director of the thriller Downhill, which continued the German expressionist style. In the same year, signed a contract with British International Film Company; In addition, he also served as the director and screenwriter of the feature film The Ring, and adopted a realistic style when shooting the film. From 65438 to 0928, he directed the romantic comedy Peasant Woman, which was also his first comedy film. In the same year, he filmed the feature film "Free and unfettered virtue".

From 65438 to 0929, he served as the director of the romantic film Monk, and incorporated documentary elements into the film; In the same year, he filmed the suspense thriller "Blackmail", which became the first talking film in the history of British movies, and was selected into the list of "Movie History 100 British Movies" by the British magazine "TimeOut".

From 65438 to 0930, he was the director and screenwriter of the drama Juno and Peacock. On July 3 1 day, the thriller The Murderer was released in Britain. In the same year, he co-directed the musical The Voice of Elster.

On February 26th, 193 1, the drama "Deception" was released in Britain. In March, directed the thriller "Mary"; In the same year, he worked as a director and screenwriter in the romantic comedy Strange Rich Man. 1932, thriller directed by Hitchcock 17; In addition, he also served as the director of the romantic film "A Generation of Beauty"; In the same year, he resigned from his position in the British International Film Company.

1933, directing the romantic comedy Waltz in Vienna; In the same year, he was employed by British Gaumont Film Company. From 65438 to 0934, he was the director of the thriller People Who Know Too Much. 1935, shooting the thriller Thirty-nine Steps; The film has the style characteristics of Hitchcock's American films, and makes McGovern's techniques get attention in the film industry; In addition, the film was selected into the list of "100 greatest British films in film history" published by the British film magazine Empire.

1936 In May, the love thriller Secret Spy was released in Britain. 65438+February, the thriller "Destruction" was released; In the same year, he joined Gaines Barlow Production Company. 1937 Shooting the crime movie "Girl".

July 1938, signed a contract with David Selznick as an independent filmmaker; 1 65438+1October1,the thriller The Missing Woman was released in the United States; This film combines comedy, suspense, thriller and other film elements, and becomes a work that lays the foundation for Hitchcock's thriller film style; In addition to winning the Best Film Award in the 4th New York Film Critics Association Award, this film was also included in the list of "100 greatest films in British film history" published by the British film magazine Empire. Hitchcock won the Best Director Award in the 4th New York Film Critics Association Award for this film. In the same year, he directed the crime film Jamaica Inn.

American period

1In March, 939, he moved to Los Angeles. In the same year, he was invited to enter Hollywood to film; In September, he directed his first film "Butterfly Dream" in Hollywood. He gave up his usual editing skills and focused on depicting the relationship between characters, and adopted Gothic style in film style. This film not only opened the cooperation mode between Hitchcock and David Selznick, but also became the beginning of Hitchcock's film from British style to American style. In addition, the film was selected into the list of "100 greatest British films in film history" published by the British film magazine Empire.

1940 directed the suspense film "overseas correspondent" with black humor style. 194 1 year, the suspense film Butterfly Dream won the best film award at the 13 Academy Awards, and Hitchcock was nominated for the best director award for this film. 65438+1October 3 1 day, the romantic comedy "Mr. and Mrs. Smith" directed was released in the United States; In the same year, he served as the director of the thriller "The Mystery of the Boudoir" and won the Best Foreign Language Film Award of the Japanese Film Ten Daily Awards; In addition, he also participated in the post-editing production of the war documentary "Tonight's Goal".

1942 Self-directed thriller "Catch the Evil at the Cape". 1943 directed film noir's Hard Hands Destroying Flowers, and in the same year served as the director of the historical drama Forever. 1944 65438+ 10/01,the war film Lifeboat was released in the United States, keeping Hitchcock's suspense style; In the same year, he directed the French short film The Adventures of Madagascar in London. In addition, he also filmed a short film "Bon voyage" with the theme of war.

From 65438 to 0945, he directed the suspense film Dr. Edward with psychoanalytic psychology as the theme, and introduced Freud's dream interpretation theory into the film, creating a precedent for psychoanalytic films; After the film was released, the final box office reached $47 million, and it was nominated for the best film award at the 18 Academy Awards the following year, while Hitchcock was nominated for the best director award at the 18 Academy Awards for his film. In the same year, he participated in the filming of the documentary "Night Fall" reflecting Nazi crimes and served as the general director.

1946, Hitchcock served as the director, screenwriter and producer of the romantic film honey trap. He used McGovern's technique to design suspense, and incorporated the style of suspense, comedy and spy film into the film. After the film was released, it was selected as "100 the greatest film in history" by the BBC. In the same year, in order not to be controlled by David Selznick, he cooperated with Sidney Bernstein and established an independent production company in Britain. 1947, he directed the last film "Para Case" for David Selznick.

1948, Hitchcock's suspense thriller Evocation came out, which was his first color film. He not only tried to shoot the film to the end, but also explored the expression method of using ambient sound to highlight realistic style. 1949, directed and performed the feature film Beauty Robbery; In the same year, he started filming with Warner Bros. Entertainment.

From 65438 to 0950, he was the director and producer of the thriller Scream for the Sea, and tried to tell the story in flashback. 195 1 directed the black film Stranger on the Train. 1953 Directed the thriller Confessions.

From 65438 to 0954, he was the director and producer of the thriller Dial M for Murder. He adopted a concise style in the narrative technique of the film, and used three-dimensional film technology for the first time in the film; In the same year, Hitchcock began shooting the love thriller "Rear Window" in the south of France. He used Freud's psychoanalytic principle again in the film, shooting from the perspective of a peeping tom. After the film was released, it was nominated for the Eighth British Film Academy Award and was selected as "the third of the top ten suspense films in film history" by the American Film Institute. In addition, it was selected as "80 Best Directors' Works" by the American Directors Association.

1On August 3rd, 955, Hitchcock's love suspense film Catch the Thief was released, and the overall style of the film tended to be humorous, and it was nominated for the Golden Lion Award in the 20th Venice Film Festival. In June+10, 5438, the suspense drama "Hitchcock Theater Season 1" premiered, and was nominated for the Emmy Award for Best Director in Drama in the following year. In the same year, he directed the TV movie Revenge.

On June 1956, the thriller People Who Know Too Much was released in the United States, which is a remake of Hitchcock's movie of the same name released on June 1934. After the film was released, it was nominated for the Palme d 'Or Award at the 9th Cannes International Film Festival, and Hitchcock himself was nominated for the Outstanding Achievement Award of the American Directors Association for this film. In the same year, he served as the director and producer of the suspense film "Grief", and adopted the documentary method when creating the film. 1957, directing and performing the suspense drama Hitchcock Theater in the third season; On September 30th, the suspense drama series "The Mystery of the Boudoir" directed by the director premiered; In the same year, he joined American citizenship and retained British citizenship.

1958, the suspense drama "Hitchcock Theater Season 1" won the 15 Golden Globe Award for Best TV Series; In the same year, as the director and producer of the thriller "Vertigo", he not only used McGovern's technique to design suspense, but also used the photography technique of quickly adjusting the far and near lens to shoot the dizzy scene for the first time. The film was rated as "Top Ten Movies in Film History" by the British film magazine Audiovisual, "Top Ten Suspense Movies" by the American Film Institute and "80 Best Directing Works" by the American Directors Association.

From 65438 to 0959, Hitchcock was the director and producer of the suspense film North by Northwest. He shot the film in montage editing style, and mixed suspense, black humor and other elements in the film. After the film was released, it not only won the Silver Bay Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival, but also was rated as "the seventh of the top ten suspicious films" by the American Film Institute, and was selected into the "80 Best Directors' Works" list of the American Directors Association, while Hitchcock was nominated for the Outstanding Achievement Award of the American Directors Association for his film. In the same year, he directed and performed the suspense TV series Hitchcock Theater Season 5.

1960 participated in the sixth season of the suspense drama Hitchcock Theater; In the same year, he served as the director and producer of the psychological thriller Psycho, in which he used Oedipus plot and unconscious theory in Freud's psychoanalysis; After the film was released, it not only made more than $6.5438+0.5 million at the box office, but also had an impact on the theme and style of horror movies, making psychological thriller a sub-type of horror movies. In addition, the film was selected into the list of "80 Best Directors' Works" judged by the American Directors Association, and the scene in which the heroine was killed in the bath was selected as "the first most frightening death scene" by the British film magazine TOTALFILM, while Hitchcock was awarded the Outstanding Achievement Award by the American Directors Association and nominated for the best director in the 33rd Oscar for his film.

196 1 year, the suspense drama Hitchcock Theatre Season 7 was broadcast. 1962 produced and starred in the suspense drama Hitchcock's Long Story. 1963 filmed the thriller "Birds", which used black humor and surreal style; In the same year, he signed a contract with Universal Pictures.

From 65438 to 0964, he directed and participated in the thriller Thief, and once again introduced psychoanalysis into the film. 1966 Shooting the thriller Breaking the Iron Curtain. 1967, he was awarded the Owen Suberg Memorial Award by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

1968, won the American Directors Association Lifetime Achievement Award; In the same year, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of California. 1969 directed the crime film Topaz and won the Best Director Award of the American Film Council. In the same year, he was elected as the director of the French Writers Association.

197 1 year was awarded the Knights of the French Legion of Honor; In the same year, he won the American Academy Award for Best Director and Producer. 1972, won the Cecil B. Demir Award in the 29th American Golden Globe Award; On June 2 1, Hitchcock's thriller "Crazy" was released in the United States, and he adopted a realistic style when shooting the film. In the same year, he received an honorary doctorate from Columbia University.

1973 The thriller "Madness" was nominated for best film in the 30th American Golden Globe Awards, and Hitchcock was nominated for best director in the 30th American Golden Globe Awards for his film. From 65438 to 0975, Hitchcock began to get sick. In the same year, he directed the thriller Mystery, which was his last film.

1978 began to plan and shoot the documentary "Short Night". 1in March, 979, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts of America; In the same year, he gave up his job because of poor health. 1 980 65438+1October1,was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II; On April 29th, he died of kidney failure in Los Angeles.

Personal life

family status

Alfred Hitchcock ranks third in the family. His brother is William Hitchcock Jr. and his sister is Irene Hitchcock. Alfred Hitchcock's father, William Hitchcock, is the owner of a vegetable and fruit shop. His blood comes from English Catholicism. William Hitchcock is dead. Alfred Hitchcock's mother Emma Jane is Irish. 1942 On September 26th, Emma Jane died in England.

sentimentality

192 1 year, Alfred Hitchcock met and fell in love with Alma Revere, a film editor, while working in Lasky Star Company. 1924, Alfred Hitchcock got engaged to Alma Revere. 1926 65438+On February 2nd, the two formally signed a contract to get married. 1928 On July 7th, their daughter Patricia Hitchcock was born in Kensington, London, England.

Main work

Director works

Screenplay works

Production work

Art design

Edit a work

Rocker mechanism

Art Director

Participate in movies

Family conspiracy-none

Crazy-1972

Ghost-None

Break through the Iron Curtain-1966

Thief.-No.

Birds-None

Psychology-1960

North-northwest-none

Ecstasy-1958

People who know too much-1956

Justice-1956

Strange corpse case-1955

Catch a thief-1955, directed by Grace Kelly.

Rear window-1954

Confession-none

Strangers on the train-195 1

Fear at sea.-No.

Rob the United States-1949

Necromancer-None

Heartbroken flower-1947

Spy network love-1946

Dr. Edward. -No.

Boiled flowers-1943

Mr. and Mrs. Smith-No.

The mystery of boudoir-nothing

Overseas reporter-1940

Butterfly Dream-1940

Missing lady.-None

Innocent-1937

Thirty-nine steps-no

Killer.-No.

None-1929

Free and unfettered virtue-1928

Tenant-None

Participate in a TV series

European film history-1996, play yourself.

None-1978, hit yourself.

None-1962-09-20, hit yourself.

None-1961-10, directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

None-1960-09-27, directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

None-1959-09-27, directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

None-1958- 10-05, directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

None-1957- 10-06, directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

None-1956-09-30 directed by Alfred Hitchcock,

Hitchcock Theater Season 1-1955- 10-02, for myself.

Winning record

Personality assessment

Alfred Hitchcock is a great director and a world-famous master of film art. His humorous and suspenseful shooting techniques are not only popular in the world film industry, but also imitated by many younger directors. As early as the silent film period, he made great contributions to the British film art. After entering Hollywood in the United States, he gave full play to his personal talents and talents, leaving many excellent works and becoming synonymous with suspense thrillers. He is good at creating tension on the screen and letting the audience participate in the plot of the film through clever handling. He has greatly changed the suspense skill setting and aesthetic effect of the film. In addition, he also actively explored the narrative language of movies, introduced Freudian psychoanalysis, and even led the fashion in the production of special effects. (james stewart, from Phoenix. Com, Netease, Film Review, Oriental. Com, new film, film literature, time online review).

Alfred Hitchcock is an extraordinary genius. Whether it is a horror film or a suspense film, he is a well-deserved pioneer and has greatly promoted the development of the film industry. As a world-recognized master of horror, he created a film type of "thriller literary film". He combines thriller, suspense and other elements into pure horror, and then promotes horror films to the height of art films through editing, sound and painting. As a master of suspense movies, he devoted himself to the creation of suspense movies all his life and opened up a broad road in this type of movies. As the founder of psychological suspense movies, he broke through the bondage of Hollywood production system and created and perfected the art of making suspense. (tippi hedren, Steven Allan Spielberg, andre bazan, Oriental Morning Post, People's Life, Time Network, Film Literature, People's Network, Phoenix Network)

As a master of film technology, Alfred Hitchcock's application of film skills reached its peak. Many of his film skills are not only compulsory courses in academic schools, but also models of commercial films. He skillfully set up the structure of his works, forming a "Hitchcock model" with twists and turns at the end of the story, but there are many scenes with black humor. As a director with a keen sense of smell, he always remembers the role of film language diversity because he pursues a certain idea. The elements he often uses in movies include blonde hair, suspense, voyeurism, sexual abuse, crime transfer, marital crisis, black humor, clue props, stairs, shadows and McGovern, so he is also known as the "world film technology expert" and "skill treasure chest". In terms of film narration, he not only explored and developed the narrative means of suspense films, but also enriched the expression forms of suspense films, making the film narration innovative while avoiding loopholes. In image design, he is a genius who expresses suspense with visual language. His way of dealing with tyrannical scenes through editing art is not only groundbreaking and pioneering, but also embodies his distinctive personality. (Review of film reviews, Sina.com, Wen Wei Po, people's public security, film art, morning paper)

Alfred Hitchcock has a unique style and is praised by the outside world as the pioneer of "author directing". He can not only accept the aesthetic ideas created by others, but also creatively apply them to his own works. In his works, both expressionism and montage are divorced from the original source, but they are more tense. Hitchcock's contribution to film art lies not only in his skill, but also in his great concern for the spiritual world of mankind. As a director who is good at understanding the audience's psychology, he skillfully uses the lens language to integrate suspense, psychological science and personal thinking about the real society into the film, so he is not only a master of psychology but also a master of philosophy in the film. Few people have such a profound insight into the absurdity of life and the fragility of human nature as he does. Under the careful design of Hitchcock, his films are the contradictory unity of life and death, crime and punishment, reason and madness, innocence and temptation, repression and resistance, so he is also called "Freud in the film industry". (Film Art, Film Review, Huashang Daily, Sohu.com, Netease Review)

Commemoration of future generations

On June 3rd, 1980, Westminster Abbey held a requiem mass for Alfred Hitchcock. In 2003, the United States issued a set of stamps bearing Hitchcock's portrait, and held a retrospective exhibition of Hitchcock's films in the same year.

In 2009, the United States issued Hitchcock commemorative stamps; In the same year, 12 Shanghai International Film Festival held a retrospective exhibition of Hitchcock films.

In 20 12, the British film association used three months of the world to show Alfred Hitchcock's films; 10 From June to June, the British Film Academy held an event in memory of Hitchcock and rearranged his film Down the Mountain. 165438+1On October 23rd, Hitchcock, a biopic filmed in memory of him, was released in the United States.

20 13 16 Shanghai international film festival held Hitchcock silent film restoration exhibition "to pay tribute to the master" in the tribute unit; In June, in memory of Hitchcock, the Shanghai Film Museum, the Cultural and Education Section of the British Embassy and the British Film Association jointly held a special screening of Blackmail.