First of all, after the puppy is born, it changes from the constant temperature environment in the mother to the variable temperature environment outside. These spotless puppies have little fur, and the temperature regulation function has not yet been fully formed, so they need to do a good job of keeping warm. At the same time, Hong Kong puppies have soft bones, unstable standing and inconvenient movement, and are easily suffocated or trampled to death by bitches. This is what the owner needs to strengthen nursing.

The puppy began to take a bath two months after birth and more than two weeks after vaccination. Outdoor dogs should be washed three or four times a year, and indoor dogs should be washed once every 20 days to a month.

Dogs don't sweat as easily as humans, so they don't need to take a bath often. Before taking a bath, let it walk, let it excrete urine, separate feces, and then take a bath in order.

New puppies, especially those bought from outside, spread pathogenic microorganisms because they have had contact with other animals in the market, or because people who want to buy them keep touching this and that. Therefore, the owner should take the pet to the veterinary hospital immediately after getting it. You can ask the veterinarian to inject some serum into your puppy first. After the puppy has been kept at home for about 10 days, it is strong and adapts to the new family environment, and then take it for vaccination.

Puppy: Please avoid overeating your puppy. Feed according to the instructions on the dog food bags or cans produced by trusted dog food manufacturers. Some breeds of dogs tend to get fat, but overfeeding in the early years will still have a long-term impact on them.

The weather is cold in winter, so the management of this period should focus on cold prevention, heat preservation and respiratory prevention. Pay attention to cold and warmth. Being blown by rain and wind after exercise and the humid temperature in the kennel will all cause colds, and serious respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and pneumonia may also occur.

The effective measures to prevent colds are to prevent cold and keep warm, thicken the mattress, and pay attention to timely replacement, keep dry and prevent cold wind; When the weather is sunny and warm, strengthen the outdoor exercise of dogs, strengthen their physique and improve their disease resistance. Let dogs bask in the sun, which can not only keep warm, but also play the role of disinfection and sterilization, and also promote the absorption of calcium, which is especially beneficial to the growth and development of puppies' bones and prevent puppies from rickets.

How to judge whether a dog has a cold?

How to help puppies keep out the cold

Even long-haired breeds, because they have not yet grown into dog hair, have insufficient resistance and are particularly afraid of sudden cold and cold wind. There are several ways to help the dog keep out the cold: you can put some clean old blankets and thick towels in the nest to help the dog keep warm. If you buy a puppy home alone, it is difficult to snuggle up to each other for warmth because you are away from home, so you are more likely to catch cold. There are fewer brothers and sisters playing with it, and even the whole body is hot. Don't put the puppy in too ventilated place to prevent frostbite. Especially puppies of 6-8 weeks are most likely to catch a cold. If you can't cook, you'd better not buy a puppy in winter. Don't buy it until it gets warm or old. It will be more resistant.

The kennel temperature should be kept at 13- 15℃ in winter. The kennel door can be hung with grass, and the window can be sealed with plastic sheets. The kennel for puppies can be kept warm by imitating the plastic shed method, and at the same time, all gaps in the wall should be blocked to prevent thieves from invading. If possible, it can be illuminated by infrared light, and a firewall should be built between walls. Generally, dog beds should be padded with thick padding, and they should be changed frequently and kept dry. When the weather is sunny and warm, let the dog get more sunshine, strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness and improve disease resistance.

2 puppy management

(1) Two maintenance and three handover. Two maintenance means keeping feeding in the original fence and keeping feeding in the original feed; Transition refers to the transition of feed, feeding system and environment. Feed transition: after weaning 1 week, the formula of feeding part is still the same as that of lactation, and then gradually transition until about 2 weeks after weaning, which can be changed into puppy feeding part. Feeding system transition: a stable living system can promote the growth of puppies and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Puppies should be carefully, regularly and quantitatively fed, eat less and eat more meals to maintain their strong appetite and digestive ability. Environmental transition: after weaning, the puppies are fed by reason, that is, they are not transferred from the original circle and do not mix nests, and the bitches are taken out.

Provide hamsters with winter cotton.

(2) Three-point positioning refers to a fixed place for eating and drinking, a fixed place for sleeping, and a fixed place for excreting urine.

(3) Choose a sunny and windy day for castration. Bitches don't need castration, because they have reached the slaughter period when they are sexually mature, which has little effect on fattening, but they should be castrated to fatten the bitches. 8- 10 is generally suitable for each small group according to its size and physical strength.

(4) generally, deworming is carried out at the age of 20-25 days, and then 1 time is carried out regularly every month, and the deworming dog excrement and worms are concentrated and fermented. Wash the washbasin every day 1 time. The saline basin can be disinfected 1 time per week and boiled for 20 minutes. You can also soak it in 0. 1% bromogeramine solution for 20 minutes or in 2%-4% caustic soda water, and finally rinse it with clean water.

Puppies need twice as many calories as adult dogs in the process of growth and development. It is said that dogs can live about 12- 16 years, which is much shorter than people. It can be said that a dog's life is like a condensed life. Dogs also develop rapidly. You can grow from 1 year to 1 year and a half. This growing period is very important and can even affect the puppy's life. In order to make the puppy grow healthily and sturdily, special attention should be paid to its diet during its development.

Puppies are weaned about 6 weeks after birth and can eat ordinary food from now on, but they should be fed 3-4 times a day for 1-6 months after birth.

After weaning to about the third month, the feeding time should be set at 7: 00 am, afternoon 12, 5: 00 pm and afternoon 10, four times a day. From the fifth month to the eighth month of life, you can feed it in the morning, at noon and at night. During this period, the feeding amount of puppies is about one-third to one-half of that of adult dogs.

From 2-3 months to less than 3 months after weaning, the food composition of puppies will determine their eating habits throughout their lives. If you plan to continue feeding with special dog food in the future, you must adapt it to the taste of special dog food during this time.

If you want to rely on family catering in the future, you should give priority to animal protein and feed more high-calorie food. When puppies are born for 2-3 months, because their teeth and jaws are not fully developed, they should cut the meat into small pieces before feeding. Milk, butter and cheese are also suitable. But don't give them hard bones and so on.

From 6 months after birth to 1 year, it is equivalent to a person's teenager, so a dog can develop into a puppy equivalent to 1 8 years old in1year. This period is the most vigorous period for dogs to grow, and the heat of the city is about 1 times of the growth, so you can feed more animal protein foods.

What should dogs do if they can't get used to hard special dog food?

Most puppies can eat hard special dog food in about 2 months. If the puppy is not used to it for a while, it can be soaked in boiling water, milk or soup before feeding.

How to judge whether the feeding amount is appropriate?

Every dog's food intake is not exactly the same. You can feed a little more first, and then judge whether the feeding amount is too far according to the amount of food left over. You can gradually increase the feeding amount as the puppy grows. The feeding amount should be adjusted every three weeks according to the puppy's eating situation.

How to feed high-calorie meat?

In order to meet the needs of rapid development, puppies must be allowed to eat as much high-calorie food as possible. But if you eat too much fat, it is easy to damage the digestive organs. So you can remove the fat from the meat and then feed it, or you can feed less fatty foods such as minced meat.

When dogs feel depressed, fidgety, lonely or stressed, the way to release stress usually manifests as some destructive behaviors. Toys can help dogs reduce stress and reduce the possibility of destructive behavior. Without toys, dogs may bite anything they can touch, such as shoes, books, even beds and chairs.

Choosing a toy of the right size can help your dog consume some energy. Some toys may be suitable for puppies, but puppies may look smaller when they grow up and should be discarded. Small toys, such as rubber balls, may be swallowed by adult dogs or stuck in their throats. Discard those toy fragments and toys that have been shredded.

Dogs also like all kinds of toys. Sometimes you need to prepare four or five toys at a time and rotate different toys every week. This will interest your pet. If your pet likes a toy very much, it's best not to change it.

Aggressive biting may bite the toy into pieces, which may get stuck in the pet's throat and even lead to the pet's death. A pet with a strong aggressive bite force should be given some toys made of hard rubber or nylon. These toys are durable and not easy to bite. Semi-aggressive biting pets will not bite toys into pieces, but will aggravate the wear and tear of toys. You can give them some canvas or plush toys. These toys are soft and don't tear easily. Pets without aggressive biting behavior can be given some soft toys.

When you buy a new toy for your pet, you should see its reaction to the new toy. If it bites the toy desperately, and the toy is not strong enough to be torn easily, then you should take the toy away in time and buy it a more durable toy.

Toys are made of different materials and have different durability. Therefore, before buying a toy for your pet, you need to know your pet's biting habits and choose a suitable and durable toy for it.

Polyethylene and latex toys are generally soft and made into various colors. Some even squeak to make toys more interesting. These toys are usually suitable for dogs without aggressive biting habits.

Rubber and nylon toys are durable and suitable for dogs with moderate biting habits. This kind of toy often makes a hole in it, which is more interesting when dogs like to bite.

Rope toys are generally made of nylon or cotton, which is suitable for dogs with moderate biting habits. It is especially useful for dogs who like to drag and drop games, and this soft and hard texture also contributes to the dog's tooth health.

Plush toys are soft and light, suitable for dogs who like to drag toys around, but not for dogs who like to bite.

Canvas toys are easy to clean and durable, suitable for biting dogs.

Dog toys

Dogs have the habit of biting, especially urban domestic dogs. Sometimes the food is single, and they are likely to lack vitamins or some trace elements. The main performance is that they chew things for no reason, and even tear cotton tires to pieces.

In order to satisfy his hunger for food, besides giving him food to chew, he can also prepare some toys for dogs. You can use wooden sticks and non-toxic plastic products, which can be processed into bone shapes or other shapes.

At present, dog shops have toys suitable for all kinds of dogs. Try these dog toys when dogs chew everywhere at home and intentionally or unintentionally destroy household items.

Nutrition of puppies

There is no difference in the appearance of puppies in the first week, so they should be tied up in different colors to distinguish them. Puppies should be weighed every day from the first day of birth, about 450-550g at birth. In the first four weeks, they gained an average of 50 grams a day, and in the fourth to eighth weeks, they gained nearly 65,438+000 grams a day.

Until the third week, the puppies only ate breast milk, during which the bitch washed them every day. After feeding the puppies, the bitch licks their stomachs with her tongue and massages them to make them digest better. Poodle droppings will also be eaten and licked by bitches, so don't worry about being unsanitary to bitches. It is all natural for puppies to eat breast milk, and the bitch can digest the feces that the puppy has not fully digested. Car owners should also be diligent and change the foot pads every day.

From the fourth week, the owner will feed them some nutritious feed and baby milk powder. If it is a good quality product, all the ingredients contained in it are included, and feeding vitamins and minerals will only be harmful. At this time, they also eat breast milk and are not weaned until the sixth week.

Milk, goat's milk and milk of other herbivores are far less nutritious than dog's milk, and the protein content is only 1/4 of that of dog's milk. Moreover, the bitch's milk will not coagulate in the stomach, while the single milk will soon become chymosin and whey in the stomach. Whey is very effective in eliminating eczema in adult dogs, but it is easy to cause gastrointestinal discomfort and the risk of pneumonia in small dogs and puppies. Therefore, it is best to use special baby milk powder.

If you want to feed milk powder, you must feed infant milk powder. The price is more expensive than ordinary milk powder, but it does not contain lactose. Its nutritional value is many times higher than that of ordinary milk powder, and it is also safe for puppies.

Artificial lactation

The bitch died unfortunately, or there was insufficient milk, too many fetuses or the bitch had fever during lactation. It is necessary to replace or supplement breast milk by artificial breastfeeding. Pay attention to when artificial breastfeeding:

A.the composition of milk is very different from that of dog milk. Milk is low in protein, low in fat and high in lactose, while dog milk is high in protein, high in fat and low in lactose. Therefore, it is not enough to feed only milk. Dog milk powder can be bought on the market now, and its composition is close to that of dog milk, so it can be used as long as it is brewed; If you have to use milk, you have to add egg yolk, bone meal and so on. And brew and feed it at twice the concentration.

B.it's easier to feed dogs with special bottles (nipples are smaller).

C. Wipe the urethra and anus of the puppy with toilet paper before feeding, and let it excrete clean before feeding. When feeding, put the puppy's two front feet on your palm, tilt the bottle and twitch it up and down gently. Because puppies are used to massaging their breasts with their front feet when sucking milk, milk keeps flowing. It should be noted that if you feed your baby on your back, once the inhalation trachea blocks your nostrils, it will cause difficulty breathing.

D. Breastfeeding lasts for about 10~20 minutes at a time, and it doesn't stop until the stomach swells or falls asleep. The temperature of milk is around 39℃, so you must be patient to make the puppy fully fed when feeding. Keep the bottle clean, too. Don't save the milk left in the bottle for next feeding.

E. Many puppies can't adapt to artificial breastfeeding and will have diarrhea, especially when feeding "milk". Because dogs lack lactose, diarrhea will be more serious. Because the absorption of each puppy is not certain, if the puppy is not good to feed, it is best to consult a doctor.

4. Puppy growth check

A healthy newborn puppy is like a baby. Its mouth, nose, ears and foot pads are full of rosy blood. Besides being hungry and crying, it's time for a deep sleep. When the puppy is born, you should remember to weigh it and then watch its growth carefully. If the weight does not continue to gain, it may be that the mother's milk is insufficient, or the puppy itself has a disease and needs medical treatment to improve. The general puppy's growth process is as follows:

A. the first week: the umbilical cord falls off and the weight doubles. If it is necessary to cut off the tail or the wolf's toes, it should be done on the 4 th to 7 th day. B. the second week: slowly open your eyes and ears and start learning to stand.

C. Week 3: Come out slowly, learn to walk, and react to shaking and bright things at the same time.

D. the fourth week: begin to know the bitch and the owner; Starting from this week, weaning can be carried out gradually. At first, it was brewed with dog milk powder instead, and after a few days, it gradually turned into dog food for weaning. When the puppy enters the fourth week, it can not only see with its eyes, but also hear with its ears. When feeding, you can also put it in a bowl and let it drink by itself! Starting from this week, the life education of puppies should also be carried out, such as defecation training, rewards and punishments, etc. Don't neglect discipline just because you are young!

E. week 5: the puppy's baby teeth have grown out! Some solid foods (weaned dog food, minced meat, etc. ) can be added to its liquid dog food. In addition, puppies born about a month should go to the hospital to check their feces and carry out insect repellent.

F. Week 6: You can start taking the puppy to the hospital for vaccination to prevent the puppy from being infected with viral diseases.

If you have some unanswered or uncertain suggestions, you'd better ask the veterinarian.