Original: Wu Nan welcomes the sea in mid-summer and so on.
The world is in your hands, conceptual creation map.
This paper discusses the significance of educational big data to educational understanding around three issues: what is educational understanding, what is educational understanding and what is educational understanding.
Focusing on these three issues, the article first defines educational understanding, and points out that educational understanding from the perspective of educational big data is a process for educators to interpret "text", grasp educational significance and educate people. Subsequently, the article points out that educational understanding is the new kinetic energy of educational innovation and development under the support of educational big data. Finally, the practical strategies of educational understanding based on educational big data are discussed from four aspects: the ecological layout of intelligent education, the development of educational big data technology, the construction of "understanding resources" and the optimization of teaching process.
In addition, the limitations of educational understanding are discussed, and it is considered that the ethics and technicality of educational big data limit the depth and breadth of educational understanding respectively.
The research of this paper aims to improve the ability of educators to rely on educational big data for educational understanding.
Keywords: educational understanding; Education big data; Learning process; Since the birth of pedagogy, scientific pedagogy has become the tireless pursuit of educational researchers. Many famous educators in the history of pedagogy tried to get rid of pure speculation in pedagogy research through quantification, such as Comenius, Herbart, Moman, Thorndike and O 'Connor.
However, some educational behaviors cannot be quantified with precise tools. For example, it is difficult for learners to find convincing evidence for their internal understanding and reflective knowledge of human spirit and mind, and they can only judge the effect of education from the perspective of input and output, but how is the transformation mechanism in the education process unclear?
In this context, the pursuit of "explanation", "interpretation", "application", "epiphany", "empathy" and "consciousness" expressed in the theory of educational understanding [1] has become extremely difficult, even with a certain degree of fantasy and confusion, which is suspected of mystery.
At the same time, due to the lack of real understanding, the effectiveness and opportunity of education to "arouse" learners have also been affected to some extent.
With the change of learners' learning environment from the traditional physics classroom to the online field and the integration of reality and reality, and the application of wearable devices and situational awareness technology in education and teaching, learners' behaviors and characteristics gradually have the ability of data.
Researchers have done a lot of research on how to capture, analyze and use data from all aspects of study and life, which can effectively tap various hidden and unmeasurable educational relationships and turn the original "black box" into "invisible".
"Just like there is' magnetic resonance imaging' technology in medicine" [3], the learning process can be measured.
This study focuses on three issues: what is educational understanding, what is educational understanding and what is educational understanding, and discusses the significance of educational big data to educational understanding.
It looks gray between the light bulbs.
What is educational understanding? From the perspective of educational big data 1 Understanding and understanding Education is in the West, and understanding comes from hermeneutics.
The Bible consists of different texts in different periods. Explaining the text connotation with the same meaning system will lead to contradictory explanations.
In order to avoid this phenomenon, schleiermacher put forward his thought of "universal hermeneutics". That is, "divide the cognitive process and cognitive object first, and then distinguish the understanding of others from dialectical understanding" [4].
Heidegger believes that meaningful understanding can only be produced in the "peripheral dilemma" of life, and personal cultural background, social experience and traditional concepts will interfere with this understanding.
In China, according to Ci Hai, understanding refers to the process of "using existing knowledge to get in touch with things and know new things, and its level varies with the nature of contact and people's cognitive ability.
[6] However, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English has different interpretations of "understanding", which more embodies the behavior and judgment of understanding.
On this basis, hermeneutics puts forward that "understanding is a practical process based on the dialogue structure of historical pluralism" [7] and that "people with thoughts can show their true understanding of others in specific situations more than those without thoughts" [8].
Under the support of these understanding explanations, scholars began to describe understanding with explanation, interpretation, application, epiphany, empathy and consciousness, and explained educational phenomena accordingly, forming the understanding curriculum view.
Applying the concept of understanding course to teaching can be said to be understanding education [10].
Under the influence of understanding education, educators do not impose learners as the main body of learning, but "arouse" learners through active support and guidance, so that education can play a role.
At the same time, "arousing" releases people's analysis and narration of goals, facts, memories, generalizations, experiments and truth exploration. Taking learning situation as the core of teaching elements, constructing "learning field", "learning space" and "learning environment" related to the formation of learning situation has also become the focus of educational research.
Focusing on the follow-up education and educational behavior of creating learners' learning environment, the starting point is the current state of learners, that is, Gadamer's "prejudice" [1 1].
"Prejudice" affects the efficiency and effect of understanding-modern teaching theory also has a similar view, which shows that previous experience and knowledge have a decisive role in teaching design. "The starting point of instructional design in blended learning is to find someone" [12].
So, how to find learners? How to grasp learners' learning state? How to judge learners' cognitive style? Education big data has found a solution to these problems.
mechanical-electrical integration
2 Education Big Data and Education Understanding Big Data is a major technological change after cloud computing and the Internet of Things.
In the United States, big data is considered as an important scientific and technological action with the same status as the "information superhighway" [13].
The value of big data, through the possession of "quantity" and "completeness", carries on the exchange, integration and analysis of various data, discovers new knowledge, creates new value, and brings great knowledge, technology, benefit and development [14].
In the field of education, education big data can solve problems such as the construction of curriculum resources, the formation of learning environment, the evaluation of educational science, and the improvement of teachers' ability by capturing, recording, analyzing and utilizing the data of educational process.
The fundamental function of education is to educate people, which is manifested in education. All educational and teaching activities are derived from "educating people".
Therefore, teaching understanding is a learner-centered understanding, which should cover learners' understanding of themselves, curriculum, teaching process and evaluation, and design corresponding teaching links on this basis to achieve educational results.
It can be inferred that the source of education and teaching problems is the lack of learners' understanding ability.
By mining data, education big data helps educators to intuitively and accurately understand education and its process, master learners' prejudice and arousal, and accurately track the changes of learners' emotional values, cognitive ability, knowledge structure and technical skills, thus achieving "heated discussion".
With the support of educational big data, teachers can more actively mobilize resources, change communication methods, implement educational support, and become the main body of the "spiritual exchange feast".
Under the active role of teachers, the state of conflict between teachers and students has changed into a state of integration, the psychological level of teachers and students has improved, and learners' autonomous learning ability, creativity and self-adaptation ability have also improved significantly.
Combined with the above analysis, this study redefines educational understanding-educational understanding from the perspective of educational big data is the interpretation of "text" by educators. In this study, "text" is a variety of carriers in the teaching process, and it is the content that can be perceived by vision, hearing and touch after being presented to learners. (It is a process of grasping the significance of education, and its connotation is mainly manifested in the following four aspects. ) Educational understanding is the internal adjustment mechanism of educational practice orientation.
Educational understanding activities and their results are the internal factors to promote educational practice. The practical orientation of understanding is that understanding is not a subjective assumption, nor is it a strange shadow and absurd imagination integrated with self-awareness, but a variety of rational predictions based on the relevance of educational big data and mobilizing various resources.
Educational understanding is based on historical understanding.
Factors such as "previous experience" in learners' "prejudice" can be found in history.
But history is not a blank history, but related to the past, an objective existence of reality and a manifestation of the future.
Due to the inevitability and selectivity of history, the same course will have different understandings in different periods. Learners can neither create conditions without history, nor naturally get rid of the shackles of history.
Educational understanding is a valuable understanding.
Educational big data should reflect the diversity and inclusiveness of the spirit of the times through a global investigation of learners, and educational understanding should also find the direction of adjustment from the spirit of the times to promote the continuous generation of educational understanding.
Educational understanding is a dynamic understanding.
Teaching practice is the interaction between educators and learners. Teachers and students have new experiences in the process of interaction, and the teaching understanding is improved with the further deepening of the dialogue.
Second, what is educational understanding: a new driving force for educational innovation and development supported by educational big data. 2065438+On June 20th, 2007, Daily Science and Technology reported the technology of separating Alibaba from mobile phones in payment. He believes that this technology has created a new "subversion"-the main technologies of this "subversion" are the Internet of Things and image recognition technology.
In fact, technology, especially information technology, has attracted the attention of all countries. For example, American futurist Rifkin [15] put forward the influential "Five Pillars Theory" in the book The Third Industrial Revolution. The Economist magazine in Britain published a special report, which put forward the characteristics of the third industrial revolution of "digitalization of manufacturing industry" [16] Germany put forward the "Industry 4.0 Strategy"; China put forward "Made in China 2025 Plan" and so on.
In the view of educational researchers, the new industrial revolution needs to pay attention to the concept, goal, content, methods and ways of talent training and the series transformation of system focus [17]. The core is to realize the fundamental task of education, "to make students realize that they are part of the same biosphere, so as to think and exercise their bodies". It is embodied in: breaking the concept of batch, standardization and fixation of parenting, implementing personalized, customized and decentralized coordination, paying attention to people's personalized and differentiated development, cultivating innovation consciousness, cooperation consciousness, development consciousness, service consciousness, lifelong learning ability and social emotional ability, and paying attention to the care between people.
The fundamental requirement of these changes is to pay more attention to people, which is also the starting point of understanding education.
1 The cultivation of innovative talents needs the close support of educational big data. "Innovative talents" refers to talents who have innovative consciousness, innovative spirit, innovative thinking and innovative ability and can achieve innovative results.
(18) From the practical point of view, innovative behavior is produced under the dual influence of internal advantages and external environment, combined with the internal and external functions of knowledge system and environmental system, and the ability of problem discovery, critical thinking, resource integration and problem solving is the key to innovative behavior.
The ideal education of innovative talents requires educators to first make clear the different interests and learning needs of learners with different personalities, and provide corresponding learning contents and methods, so as to guide learners to correctly analyze and dare to try, and constantly transition the learning process to the "learning and creation" process.
With the transition from traditional classroom learning to blended learning and online learning, more learning behaviors will appear on teachers through big data. Teachers can discover the development needs of innovative talents through big data, provide corresponding learning resources and design specific teaching environment.
Under the close support of educational big data, the objective law and overall mode of innovative talent training will be more reasonably and accurately understood by people.
2 Cultural diversity needs to capture the empathy of learners through educational big data. The relationship between different races, religions and language groups has become increasingly close, and the originally closed national culture has been impacted, and learners have a diverse understanding of various things. In the process of education implementation, we should grasp the empathy state of learners and implement "into the heart" education.
In the traditional teaching paradigm, researchers call this teaching design based on students' state "generative" design.
Education Big Data transforms learners' heartbeats into real-time visualization through context-aware devices, allowing teachers to purposefully call resources, stimulate interest and adjust emotions, so that students are no longer "abandoned children" in the classroom. Teachers and students resonate in the dialogue and produce the "fusion of horizons" needed for educational understanding.
3 The cultivation of compound new talents needs the support of the process of providing education big data. Piaget [19] pointed out that traditional cognitive theory only pays attention to advanced cognition, that is, only pays attention to the final result of cognition, but can't see the construction process of cognition.
Similarly, the main function of quantitative data in traditional teaching is to judge the relationship between "input" and "output".
In other words, it is through quantitative data to judge what kind of education is provided, what kind of results are obtained, and what kind of measurable results are output through education. I don't know the process of input to learners.
Even in modern education, there is no clear evidence to prove the rationality and scientificity of educational innovation.
Education Big Data replaces the complexity of the education process with "analysis" supported by education big data through all-round data description of learners. The vision created by teachers for learners is not a vision imagined by teachers, but a "visual" vision based on educational big data. There is resonance between teachers and students, even the integration of horizons, which guides learners' learning, work, being human and development in the process of integration.
4 The evaluation of talent evaluation growth potential needs to provide feedback for educational big data. Evaluating the "choice" function of talents with secular significance is not only the goal of educational understanding, but also the basis of understanding in the next stage.
Replacing evaluation with evaluation lacks comprehensiveness, accuracy and reliability, and provides the function of accurately recording learning process, learning effect and learning efficiency, which can measure learners' potential to a certain extent.
On this basis, education big data is evaluated from "learning volume" to "learning ability" and "learning efficiency" to help educators build personalized support mechanisms and maximize learners' potential.
At the same time, employers or higher education institutions can also comprehensively examine the identity, characteristics and development potential of learners through educational big data, select necessary and suitable talents, and realize the talent selection function.
big data
Third, how to carry out educational understanding: the practical strategy based on educational big data "embraces the new paradigm and always needs to redefine the corresponding science.
[20] While thinking about the understanding value of educational big data, we should guide the reform of educational practice and promote the transformation of educational research paradigm based on the following practical strategies of educational big data: 1 It is not a self-evident topic to make full use of educational big data to promote educational understanding.
On the contrary, to play the role of big data understanding in education, several preconditions are needed.
In terms of data acquisition, only by shifting from the traditional classroom field to the future-oriented "virtual and real integration field" and the ultimate goal to the "smart learning field" can we capture educational big data in time.
The goal of "intellectual learning field" is to establish a perceptual learning environment, identify the characteristics of learners, provide appropriate resources and convenient interactive tools, record the learning process, evaluate the learning results, and finally promote effective learning [2 1].
Using education big data collection technology and equipment, setting corresponding collection conditions, configuring a smart education ecosystem that is convenient for collecting education big data, providing data support for later data collection, utilization and innovation, can better play the understanding value of education big data.
2 Develop education big data technology to support the integration of teaching process and learners' vision. Commercial big data has clear characteristics, simple data model and clear application value.
To produce application value, educational big data needs to transform all relevant factors such as natural language, external environment, humanistic foundation and resource characteristics into formal logic, and provide explanatory texts, charts and other support for teachers in a simple and easy way through the transformation system.
Among them, education big data technology plays a very important role, so: develop situational awareness technology and equipment to accurately grasp the changes of learners' vital signs and related changes in the learning process; Explore the relationship between smart wearable devices connected to learning system and learning state, grasp the emotional changes of learners (such as heart rate, body language, EEG, etc.), and help teachers understand learners. Explore the establishment of a timely feedback mechanism based on big data, and promote learners to return to the "comfortable realm" of learning by adjusting teaching methods, so that teachers and systems can quickly perceive learners' adaptability.
3 Building a "resource understanding" based on educational big data is essentially a resource that learners are willing to learn, a resource that can be integrated into learners' horizons, and a "learning world" built by communicating with resources based on learners' personal status such as life experience, humanistic literacy, expectations and imagination.
The construction of "resource understanding" can be started from the following aspects: the understanding of learners' "expectations" by educational big data is the basis of the construction of "resource understanding".
Education big data is an effective support for educators to improve the "quality of life" of resources.
Learners' action characteristics, interaction characteristics, process characteristics and feedback characteristics in the process of interacting with resources can be captured by data. Where are the difficulties? More cases are needed to help learners understand. Where is a bit boring, need to increase the interest of resources, where is simple, need to improve the level of cognitive load, etc.-these problems can be fed back to resource builders through process data, in the form of instruments, and through the platform.
Excavate "blank spots" to promote understanding.
In order to improve the "understanding realm", it is necessary to set up "blank points" to arouse learners' feelings of "loss", thus stimulating their willingness to explore, fill and improve resources and improving their understanding level.
However, how to find such a "blank" tests the wisdom of educators. Generally speaking, the "sudden cooling" during the upsurge, the "sudden falling" during the ordinary strangeness and the "sudden stagnation" during the euphoria all have the effect of "blank".
Recognizing these States, there are more possibilities under the premise of educational big data technology progress.
Teachers should rely on educational big data to connect the understanding level in the cognitive category with learners through "blank points" and establish "understanding resources".
4 Give full play to the precise support of educational big data and optimize the teaching process. Education big data plays a role in teaching understanding by supporting the optimization of teaching process: education big data helps teachers understand the teaching process correctly.
After understanding the educational concept, it is considered that the teaching process is an innovative and cooperative activity carried out by curriculum experts, teachers, learners and technicians in a specific field.
Through education big data technology, the characteristics of directness, objectivity, accuracy and authenticity of the education process can be fully demonstrated; Through rigorous logical reasoning and linked cloud data, teachers have a more reasonable understanding of learners' cognitive changes, ability changes, emotional changes and their influencing factors in the learning process, which provides conditions for optimizing the teaching process.
Education big data provides a basis for teachers to intervene and when to support.
The different nature of teaching texts, cognitive styles and learners' situations will lead to deviations in the process of understanding, and teachers need to embed certain support to correct the deviations and form a consensus.
Education big data can timely capture all kinds of "abnormal information" such as non-rhythmic keyboard tapping, anxiety and strabismus, disorderly interaction with learners, and help teachers consciously adjust teaching and provide targeted learning support.
Education big data can change the "subjectivity" of educational understanding and promote objective judgment based on quantification.
Aristotle believes that understanding is only a kind of judgment, "not eternal, but arouses suspicion and concern" [22].
Because the subjectivity of cognition blurs the learning input, educational big data needs to collect corresponding information and judge whether educational intervention and support are reasonable based on the existing characteristics.
In short, the understanding significance of education big data lies in finding people, seeing people's state clearly, and providing corresponding learning support such as resources and processes, which can optimize the learning process and promote understanding.
Big data analyzes a large amount of data from connected mobile devices.
Handheld smartphone on white background
4. The limit of educational understanding: the dual constraints of ethics and technology 1 Education Big Data Ethics: The deep education data ethics that restricts educational understanding is a rational examination of moral beliefs and behavioral norms that should be possessed in the process of generating, collecting, storing, analyzing and utilizing educational data [23].
In the field of educational understanding, the basic operation mode of educational big data is to collect data on learners' learning process, social life, physical state, spirit and emotion.
With the rapid development of data collection technology, data has "insight" into learners' learning process and improved their understanding level. At the same time, "this is also the beginning of the loss of control of learners' privacy" [24]. For example, the large-scale use of educational big data will expose learners' privacy, the permanently stored data may solidify learners' marks, and the data-driven model will easily lead to insufficient exploration of learners' potential [26].
Therefore, the development of educational big data needs to be developed under the normative requirements of moral and order system, and it needs to follow ethical standards such as safety principle, fairness principle and informed consent principle to avoid the disorder of data collection; We should keep a certain awe in the mining of a large amount of data and don't cross the ethical "bottom line".
2 Education big data technology: Education data technology that widely restricts education understanding is the "new engine" for the development and application of education big data. However, the existing educational data technology has some shortcomings, such as weak situational awareness and low ability to identify vital signs.
In addition, the education sector has invested less in the technology research and development of educational big data, which has restricted the development of educational big data technology and restricted the development of educational big data understanding value.
Generally speaking, the value of educational understanding lies in providing better education, and the emergence of educational big data technology supports the deepening of educational understanding.
It is worth noting that the existence of educational big data technology as a tool, no matter how comprehensive learner information is provided, how powerful the data capture technology is, and how accurate the feedback is, can not replace teachers' understanding of learners, nor can it replace teachers' and education teams' self-understanding.
Nevertheless, educational big data can provide technical support for the generation of educational understanding and the improvement of understanding level, and help teachers and students achieve self-understanding and self-transcendence, thus making greater breakthroughs in teaching and learning and realizing the meaning of personal life.
Virtual image education software
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