School management in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province implements the reform of "separation of management and operation"

[Problem background]

Wuxi is located in the south of Jiangsu Province, in the middle of the Yangtze River Delta with developed economy in China. It has jurisdiction over two cities (counties) and seven districts. At present, there are 4 1 1 primary schools in the city with 322657 students. Junior high school 127, with 202,536 students; There are 7 1 high schools with 97662 students. The enrollment rate and consolidation rate of primary schools in the city have reached 100%, the enrollment rate and consolidation rate of junior high schools have reached 100% and 99.5% respectively, and the completion rate of nine-year compulsory education is 98.74%.

For a long time, there have been typical phenomena in the education management system, such as the overall responsibility of the government and the integration of education management and running schools, which lead to unclear responsibilities, low operating efficiency and weakening public functions. The administrative department of education has been used to directly managing schools for many years, and a lot of time and energy are spent on specific affairs. The director of the Education Bureau became the principal of each school. The management of personnel, finance and materials within the school must be decided by the administrative department, and even the admission and bonus payment must be discussed and decided by the director's office. The enthusiasm of teaching staff can not be fully mobilized, and the internal management of the school lacks the vitality it deserves. At the same time, due to the direct management of schools, the Education Bureau has invested more energy in running directly affiliated schools, so there are more or less inclinations in policy formulation, financial support and business guidance, and the management of the whole industry is unbalanced. In order to change this situation, Wuxi Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government took the lead in putting forward the reform idea of "separating management from office".

[decision-making process]

In June, 2005, Wuxi Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government issued the "Decision on Implementing Seven Key Tasks of Reform in an All-round Way", which clearly stated that the reform should be carried out in seven aspects: the reform of state-owned enterprises, the reform of investment and financing system, the reform of financial system and the reform of social undertakings. Among them, the reform in the field of social undertakings is the top priority.

At the end of 2005, Wuxi took the lead in realizing the reform of "separation of government affairs, separation of government funds and separation of management and operation" in health, education, culture and sports, and began the first icebreaking journey of separation of management and operation in China. In February, 65438, Wuxi formally established the "School Management Center", which was an important measure for the educational administrative system to separate government affairs from management. In March 2006, Wuxi School Management Center held an office meeting to discuss the implementation plan of school performance appraisal.

[Specific measures]

In 2005, the Municipal Education Bureau put the municipal compulsory education schools under the management of all districts, and implemented a "county-based" compulsory education management system; The municipal high schools and secondary vocational and technical education in the non-compulsory education stage are all managed by the school management center.

The school management center and the education bureau operate relatively independently, and through reasonable diversion, there is no increase in personnel and office expenses. The Education Bureau mainly focuses on industry management functions, focusing on policy orientation, planning and layout, industry guidance and supervision and management, and is responsible for organizing the purchase and provision of public services and creating a development environment; The school management center is directly under the leadership of the municipal government, performs the responsibilities of investors on behalf of the government, and is responsible for operating the schools directly under the former Education Bureau. Establish a joint meeting system between the Education Bureau and the school management center to ensure the coordination of all work.

At the same time, the education supervision office of the former municipal government and the municipal education bureau were co-located and adjusted to be set up separately, and the staff of the two units did not cross posts, which provided a strong guarantee for the independent work of the education supervision institutions from the aspects of people, finance and materials, solved the problem that the education supervision institutions and education administration were not separated in system and mechanism, and ensured the relative independence of education supervision.

The successful completion of these three tasks has really made the "management, operation and supervision" of Wuxi education system form a trend of "separation of three powers". The education bureau is equivalent to the referee, the school management center is equivalent to the coach, and the school is the athlete. They restrict and promote each other, realizing the separation of administrative management and social undertakings.

[Policy innovation]

Wuxi education implements the reform of separating government from business, separating the management right of public schools from the supervision right of running schools, and transforming the relationship between the Municipal Education Bureau and the original municipal schools into an industry management relationship, which is undoubtedly conducive to the further implementation of the school's autonomy, the establishment and improvement of the school's self-development and self-restraint operation mechanism, and the promotion of better sustainable development of the school.

At the same time, it is conducive to improving the operational efficiency and innovation ability of relevant functional departments of local governments, solving the thorny problem of self-supervision of government departments, being both referees and athletes to a certain extent, thus promoting healthy competition and improving the quality of public goods supply.

[Implementation effect]

With the "separation of management and operation" reform of Wuxi education, its achievements mainly include:

People get more benefits. After the separation of management and operation, the school management center has carefully run schools, and the level of running municipal schools and the quality of education have steadily increased. In 2006, the results of the municipal high school college entrance examination were among the best in the whole city and the whole province. The high-quality effect of municipal education resources is further revealed. The three high schools successfully passed the evaluation and acceptance of provincial four-star and three-star high schools respectively. More than 90% of the freshmen enrolled in municipal ordinary high schools are in provincial three-star high schools, which is at the leading level in the country. "Let all children in Wuxi attend key middle schools" will no longer be a slogan. At the same time, the girls' secondary school, which was closed for nearly 40 years, reopened in September last year, which aroused strong concern from all walks of life. The Education Bureau focuses on strengthening investment and support for compulsory education, promoting quality education, improving the quality of running schools, and adhering to balanced development. Vocational education has also shown a good momentum of development, and actively implemented the vocational education multiplication plan, with more than 200,000 students in secondary and higher vocational schools. Focus on improving basic ability and school-running efficiency, and vigorously promote the integration of vocational education resources.

The functions of educational administrative organs have changed. After the separation of management and operation, the Municipal Education Bureau no longer runs schools directly, and subordinate private schools also run schools independently according to law. The Municipal Education Bureau is committed to providing better public education services for the society in the aspects of education planning and layout, policy formulation, industry guidance, supervision and management, and creating a development environment.

The functions of the education supervision office of the municipal government have been strengthened. After the establishment of the municipal government education supervision office, the focus of education supervision has gradually changed from "inspector-oriented" to "inspector-oriented and government-oriented". The scope of supervision has also been expanded from the original schools directly under the Municipal Education Bureau to "relevant government departments at the same level, people's governments at lower levels, schools at all levels and other educational institutions under the jurisdiction of this Municipality". Over the past year or so, the education supervision office of the municipal government has conducted special supervision and investigation on the enrollment of primary schools, the promotion of primary schools to junior high schools, the work of "reducing burdens" in primary and secondary schools, the illegal remedial classes in winter and summer vacations, and the exemption of miscellaneous fees in rural compulsory education, which has played an important role in promoting the healthy development of education in the city.

The role of the municipal school management center began to appear. After the "separation of management and operation", the municipal school management center fulfilled the responsibilities of government investors, with the goal of managing state-owned assets and running every municipal school well, vigorously promoted the construction of modern school system, explored the reform of school evaluation mechanism and employment mechanism, improved the education quality of municipal schools and achieved economies of scale.

The joint meeting system has strengthened the cooperation among the three parties. After the separation of management and management, the Municipal Education Bureau, the Education Supervision Office of the Municipal Government and the Municipal School Management Center jointly studied and solved important issues related to the overall situation of education and involving "management, supervision and management" through the joint meeting system. In the first half of 2006, six joint meetings were held to study and solve key tasks such as school evaluation, entrance examination and layout adjustment, which effectively solved some hot and difficult problems in education and promoted the harmonious development of education.

[Case Review]

The separation of Wuxi pilot office will help to build a service-oriented government, and finally achieve the goal of institutional reform of "small government and big society", which will provide a good reference for domestic administrative reform.

In the reform of "separation of management and operation" in education, the right to host, manage and run a public school is separated, and the relationship between the Municipal Education Bureau and the original municipal public school is transformed into an industry management relationship, which is conducive to further implementing the school's autonomy, establishing and perfecting the school's self-development and self-restraint operation mechanism, and promoting the school's better sustainable development. Moreover, the reform of separating management from operation also urges the education administrative department not to treat private schools differently, which is conducive to the development of private education.

The reform of separating management from office in Wuxi is a brand-new exploration in Jiangsu and even the whole country. This reform is not only the reform of social undertakings, but also the reform of the government itself. The contradictions and problems it faces will touch the tradition of power consciousness and official standard, and the reform has a long way to go.