I. Analysis of network forms and characteristics
The network profoundly affects the ideological and political education of college students in its unique way different from traditional media. In order to deeply analyze the influence of network on ideological and political education, we must first make clear the form of network. The main forms of the network include the World Wide Web (3W network), e-mail newspapers, bulletin board system and so on. , its services include transactions, information, entertainment, databases and other types. At the same time, it is necessary to deeply analyze the characteristics of the network.
From the characteristics of the network, although different scholars have different views, it is generally believed that the characteristics of the network can be summarized into five main aspects: First, the unity of universality and particularity. Compared with the traditional media, which needs specific material conditions, fixed location, activity space and fixed time, and the audience is subject to many restrictions when receiving information, the openness of the network is much wider, thus promoting the emergence and development of innovative ideas to a great extent, and also causing differences in the behavior concepts of the audience in the network; The second is the unity of virtuality and authenticity. Virtuality can be regarded as the most important feature of the network, and the virtual subject carries out virtual activities in the virtual environment, which fully shows the virtual characteristics of the network; However, under the network conditions, there is a real side: the content of virtual environment is a reflection of the objective environment in real life; Users of the network are behind the virtual code, they are objective individuals or groups; The third is the unity of interactivity and unidirectionality. The information dissemination in traditional media is one-way flow, and the audience is only the receiver of information. In the network, the audience can also choose information while using e-mail and BBS for discussion. In addition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer and face-to-face communication under the network is actually an equal and interactive information exchange; The fourth is the unity of immediacy and perishable. The openness and interactivity of the network make it real-time in the process of information dissemination. However, the information that pursues timeliness is frequently and dynamically updated, which objectively tends to form "immediacy" and "fragmentation" of information: Fifth, the unity of popularity and finiteness. Compared with the traditional media, the information spread on the Internet covers everything: astronomy, geography, politics and economy, military science and technology, entertainment and so on. However, the choice of information is ultimately determined by the audience, and the audience will choose according to their own hobbies and needs when choosing information, so it is limited.
Secondly, the influence mechanism of network on ideological education is analyzed.
(A) Analysis of the opportunities faced by ideological education under the network background
Science and technology is the primary productive force, and it is a great and important force to promote social development and progress. Network technology is no exception, it will also promote social development and progress. Specifically, it will certainly promote the development and innovation of ideological and political education. First of all, the development of network has improved the quality and ability of college students' ideological and political educators and enhanced the effectiveness of ideological and political education. First, under the network environment, college students' ideological and political educators can grasp the latest and most comprehensive information and understand the theoretical frontiers of various sciences, which will greatly improve the efficiency of college students' ideological and political education; Secondly, the emergence of the network is conducive to college students' ideological and political educators to grasp the psychological dynamics of the educated in a timely, comprehensive and accurate manner, and to carry out targeted education, which reduces the time for exploring in practice and improves the effectiveness of ideological and political education; Thirdly, the application of multimedia technology in the network environment has fundamentally changed the educational means of college students' ideological and political educators; The traditional one-way indoctrination mode of ideological and political education is gradually replaced by the combination of "two-way interaction" and "indoctrination", which truly realizes the interaction between ideological and political educators and educatees and is conducive to the transformation of educational means and methods of ideological and political educators in colleges and universities. Secondly, the massive and rapid dissemination of information under the network environment will inevitably lead to the emergence and dissemination of new network culture, which will help college students absorb excellent cultural nutrition and enhance the scientific nature of their own ideas, political views and moral norms. First, the modern richness of network culture helps college students broaden their horizons, update their concepts and keep pace with the times; It is helpful for college students to establish a global view, an efficiency view and a democratic view; It is helpful to enhance college students' consciousness of innovation, freedom, equality and cooperation; Secondly, under the network environment, the massive instant dissemination of information is helpful to the cultivation of moral IQ of college students' audience.
(B) Analysis of the challenges faced by ideological education under the network background
Network is a "double-edged sword", which brings opportunities and unprecedented challenges to the ideological and political education of college students in the new period. First of all, under the network environment, college students' ideological and political educators deviate from the information disseminators. With the rapid emergence and popularization of the Internet, the traditional advantages of ideological and political education have been broken, which is manifested in the popularization of communicators. In the network environment, there is still a gap between a considerable number of people as information disseminators and real ideological and political educators. Because college students are the main users of the network, the popularity of this kind of disseminator will inevitably weaken the effectiveness of college students' ideological and political education; Secondly, under the network environment, the challenges brought by the enhanced initiative of college students' audience. The one-way transmission of traditional media information makes the audience always passively accept information and be in the object position of information transmission. On the one hand, the information accepted by the audience is passed on to the audience by the communicator after being screened by the gatekeeper; On the other hand, even if the audience has certain information selection ability, this power is relative and conditional, limited by media conditions and time and space conditions. In the network environment, the rights of the audience have been enhanced as never before. They can not only choose information freely, but also publish information freely: the importance of information is no longer entirely determined by the communicator, which may lead to some negative information; Thirdly, under the network environment, college students' audience is increasingly dependent on network information, which will make college students face the danger of alienation. On the one hand, it is the alienation of college students' information needs, on the other hand, it is the alienation of the network. Both the alienation of information demand and the alienation of the network will eventually lead to the alienation of college students as the main users of the network.
Thirdly, the analysis of college students' ideological and political education strategies under the network background.
Under the network environment, the ideological and political education of college students is facing severe challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate corresponding countermeasures and measures to solve this problem, mainly by optimizing the network environment in ideological and political education and expanding the quality of ideological and political educators themselves to achieve the purpose of improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education.
(A) optimize the network ideological education environment
Network is the carrier of information dissemination. In this context, both the information transmitted by the communicator and the information obtained by the audience are carried out through the network. Therefore, optimizing the network environment is of great significance to the ideological and political education of college students. The optimization of network environment of college students' ideological and political education refers to fully transforming information conditions, exploring positive factors, eliminating negative factors and optimizing resource environment around the subject and object of college students' ideological and political education. The optimization of network environment must adhere to certain principles, including social orientation principle, overall consistency principle (including horizontal unity principle and vertical unity principle), pertinence principle and development principle;
From the way of network environment optimization, it mainly includes technical way and non-technical way. First of all, from a technical point of view: first, passive technical approaches, mainly "gatekeeper" information filtering, deleting, shielding and "blocking" harmful information. Although this can prevent harmful information from spreading to college students to a certain extent, it can play a preventive and remedial role and ensure the effective ideological education of college students under the network environment. However, this is only a passive technical means, which can not fundamentally ensure the healthy and reasonable development of ideological and political education for college students; The second is the active technical approach, which is mainly based on the application of the theory of "use and satisfaction" to let college students' ideological and political education enter the network, including establishing a professional ideological and political education website to publicize the main theme; On various influential websites, the content of ideological and political education is integrated into vivid columns; Establish the corresponding evaluation mechanism of ideological and political education for online college students. Secondly, from a non-technical point of view, it is mainly necessary to establish a media supervision system and strengthen the macro-management of the network. An independent network supervision organization should have the functions of information release, scholar participation and public mobilization. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of network rule of law with the rule of law network; It is necessary to strengthen and improve the legislation of information network: strengthen the law enforcement and justice of information network; Actively participate in the formulation of international information network rules; Strengthen the cultivation of information network management talents.
(B) to expand the quality of ideological and political educators
To expand the quality of ideological and political educators, firstly, college ideological and political educators should have comprehensive network information technology quality, including the ability to use information technology, the ability to obtain and select information, the ability to innovate information and the ability to monitor information; Secondly, to make college students' ideological and political educators have good ideological and political quality, mainly including higher ideological quality and better political quality. Ideological quality includes world outlook, outlook on life and values. Political quality includes political position, political viewpoint and political level. Higher ideological and political quality is the fundamental guarantee for doing a good job in ideological and political education of college students under the network environment; Thirdly, it is necessary to make college students' ideological and political educators have a profound cultural knowledge base, because, on the one hand, ideological and political educators themselves need rich knowledge as support; On the other hand, knowledge is the power for ideological and political educators to engage in educational activities. The cultural knowledge that college students' ideological and political educators should have under the network environment includes solid basic theoretical knowledge, profound professional knowledge and rich relevant knowledge, as well as other knowledge that has an impact on the effectiveness of college students' ideological and political education, including network knowledge and certain foreign language knowledge, especially English knowledge; Finally, we should make college students' ideological and political educators have perfect professional ability and quality. The abilities that college students' ideological and political educators should have under the network environment include expression ability, organization ability, management ability and monitoring ability.
To sum up, in view of the challenges faced by college students' ideological and political education under the network environment, we can make efforts from two main aspects: media carriers and communicators, gradually optimize the network environment, comprehensively expand the quality of college students' ideological and political educators, and finally achieve the goal of optimizing college students' ideological and political education, so as to maximize the effectiveness of college students' ideological and political education.
Editor in charge: Jiang Hanyu