1. "Interesting"-The class should be interesting first, so that children are full of energy, interest, concentration and active participation. Students' active participation is their independent behavior. If students are not interested and "indifferent", it is impossible to take the initiative to participate, and participation will become empty talk. 2. "Reality"-let students learn basic knowledge and practice basic skills in class. Strengthening the double base is the essence of our national tradition, and we can't lose it at any time.
3. "Live"-the classroom atmosphere should be alive and students' thinking should be active. The active degree of students' thinking is a sign to measure whether students actively participate.
Interest, practicality and vividness are interrelated and complement each other. Only interesting, can be realistic, can activate thinking; Students successfully acquire knowledge, which in turn can make them interested in learning mathematics. To be "interesting, practical and lively" in class is a high level. It is necessary to handle all kinds of relationships, master the sense of proportion and control the temperature.
"Interesting, practical and vivid" is the advanced goal of classroom teaching. To achieve this "three-character" state, we must do the following twelve points: First, present the topic as soon as possible and put forward the teaching objectives.
At the beginning of class, introduce new lessons immediately, show the topics as soon as possible, come straight to the point, and don't beat around the bush. After the project is presented, the teacher can briefly put forward the teaching objectives of this class, so that students can clearly understand the learning content of this class. It can also inspire students to say, "Who will talk about what to learn in this class first when you see this topic?" . Only when students know the learning objectives can they take the initiative to participate better. From the perspective of educational psychology, only when children have the direction of attention can they improve their learning efficiency. Second, open the teaching materials as soon as possible to guide students to learn by themselves.
After the project is put forward, students know the learning objectives, so they should open the textbooks as soon as possible, encourage students to learn by themselves, and let them initially acquire knowledge from the textbooks through self-study. This is an important form of students' autonomous learning.
In the past, students were required to teach themselves textbooks, but after the teacher finished the new class, about 30 minutes later, students were required to open the textbooks and have a look. "Today's speech is on this page, please have a look." By this time, the teacher has made everything clear and the students are no longer interested in watching it. This kind of "Monday morning quarterback" self-study textbook is just a form, and students do not study independently.
To become a student's active request, it is best to ask a test question first, and use the test question to guide the self-study textbook, so that students can know what to look at, how to look at it and what problems to solve. Self-study should be checked and evaluated in time, so that students can talk about what they have learned and gained.
Third, stimulate interest in learning and enliven the classroom atmosphere.
The effective way to stimulate students' interest is to let students see their progress and get praise from teachers and classmates. My creed is: to let students learn mathematics well, we must first make students like learning and teaching; We should make students like learning mathematics and praise them as much as possible. Only by creating a pleasant, harmonious and democratic teaching atmosphere can the classroom atmosphere become active. The relationship between teachers and students is equal, respectful and loving, and the classroom teaching atmosphere is pleasant, harmonious and democratic, which makes students dare to participate and take the initiative to participate.
Teachers should be amiable and approachable, and oppose arrogance and rudeness. If students meet their teachers, they are all like mice meeting cats. What is lively?
Fourth, let students try first and encourage creativity.
Let students try first, that is, push students to the active position, which is an effective way for students to actively participate. In the traditional teaching mode, most teachers explain first, and students practice according to what the teacher says, so that students are always in a passive position. Why is it that "giving full play to students' dominant position" has been put forward for many years, and teachers have accepted it verbally, but students are still very passive in class? It is because of the traditional mode of speaking before practicing that students have been positioned in a passive position, so how can they take the initiative!
The process of students trying is also a process of active participation. Let the students try first, without being bound by the teacher's explanation, they can try out various results, leave room for students to create and promote the cultivation of students' creative spirit. Innovative spirit is the core quality of talents in the new century.
Fifth, emphasize active participation and correct the main position.
It is not enough to mention students' participation in the teaching process. There are two kinds of participation: one is passive participation, the teacher sets the framework and the students participate; One is active participation, and students become their own needs and actively participate.
In order to encourage students to actively participate, we should try to reduce the restrictions on students. There were too many restrictions on students in the past. They can't speak, laugh or move. This is not allowed, so is that. They tied their hands and feet. How do students actively participate? In class, students are allowed to answer first, ask questions, take the initiative to perform on the blackboard, and get out of their seats to help students with difficulties. In short, we should treat students as equal living people, respect them and trust them, so as to put students in the main position of classroom teaching. Sixth, allow students to ask questions and develop their thinking.
Students' questioning ability is the performance of students' active participation and the result of students' active thinking. First of all, we should give them the opportunity to ask questions, encourage them to dare to ask questions, and develop the courage and habit of asking questions if they don't understand.
There are several opportunities for students to ask questions in a class. After self-learning the textbook, the teacher asked the students to ask questions, "What questions do you not understand? What comments can be made? " After the teacher explains, before the whole class ends, students can ask, "What have you gained from this class? Are there any questions? " At first, the questions raised by students are relatively simple, or they may be naive and ridiculous. Teachers must not laugh at them. Otherwise, it will dampen students' enthusiasm, and they will never raise their hands again.
Teachers should listen and answer students' questions patiently. Some questions can be discussed by everyone and answered by the students themselves. Seventh, organize students to discuss and enhance the sense of cooperation. Organizing students' discussion and creating opportunities for students to actively participate can not only arouse students' enthusiasm and give full play to their complementary roles, but also change teachers' central views and enliven the classroom atmosphere. Students actively participate in discussions and express their opinions, which is the performance of students' autonomous learning. In the process of discussion, students can express their opinions, learn from each other's strong points and enhance their sense of cooperation. Caring for yourself and others, putting me in the class group and expressing my opinions boldly are also necessary communication skills for a modern society in the new century. "If students can't discuss it, they won't give it at first", which is a problem that will be encountered at the beginning. Students' ability to participate in discussions and the habit of expressing their opinions boldly are gradually cultivated. At first, it was often discussed by two people at the same table; In the future, the whole class can discuss, listen to other people's opinions and repeat each other. Then try to discuss in groups. The number of groups should not be too large, generally 4 to 6 people are appropriate.
Leave enough time for students to discuss, don't go through the motions. Different opinions can be argued, so that students can speak freely. Encourage students to express their opinions actively. If students are wrong, try to let them sit down with dignity. Eighth, control the teacher's speech and leave more practice time. The biggest drawback of class now is that the teacher talks too much and the whole class only hears the teacher's voice. It is not until the students do their homework that the teacher will nag, say what to pay attention to, say not to make mistakes, and not let the students be quiet for a while. Teachers who talk too much will inevitably take up students' practice time. If they can't finish it in class, they can only finish it after class. This is also one of the reasons why the workload of students can't be reduced at present.
In view of this shortcoming, it is necessary to control the teacher's speaking time, which generally does not exceed 10 minutes, and let the students leave 30 minutes for activities. Teachers talk too much, which can't improve teaching efficiency, but will make students bored. When the disciplinary Committee of the student classroom is dissolved, it is when the teacher talks for too long. Only by saving time from teachers can we leave more practice time for students. Ninth, timely feedback and correction, practice in class.
Students should give timely feedback and correct the information they have. According to the research of educational psychology, students practice, proofread and correct in class, and this learning method has made rapid progress. Classroom teaching in the new century must achieve high efficiency, so classroom teaching should be timely feedback and corrected. The specific operation method is: 1. During the inspection, the teacher saw that the students had done the right questions and corrected them at will. When he saw the wrong questions, he pointed them out in time and asked them to correct them immediately. In this way, teachers can not only grasp the feedback information in time, but also reduce the time for correcting homework after class; Students can not only know right and wrong in time and correct them immediately, but also improve their enthusiasm. 2. Students self-proofread. 3. Students recognize each other and correct each other. Tenth, strengthen hands-on operation and use modern means. In the new century, primary school mathematics teaching should adopt new technologies as much as possible to modernize and diversify teaching methods. The teaching methods of primary school mathematics mainly include teaching AIDS, learning tools, audio-visual teaching methods and computer-aided teaching methods. Teachers have teaching AIDS and students have learning tools, which provide students with mathematical models and rich perceptual knowledge, and pay special attention to students' hands-on operation of learning tools. Students can learn while operating, which is also the performance of students' active participation.
The development stage of children's thinking is from intuitive action thinking to concrete image thinking and then to abstract logic thinking. Therefore, when children begin to learn mathematical concepts and calculation methods, they must be taught to operate with their hands, from motion perception to the establishment of representations, and then to rational understanding.
Audio-visual teaching means and multimedia computer-aided teaching means are modern teaching means, and the mathematics education center in the new century will be widely used. At the same time, electronic calculators will also be introduced into the primary school mathematics classroom. Eleventh, don't have too much content, and grasp the teaching rhythm. In the past, there were three major drawbacks in primary school mathematics classroom teaching: "too much content, too fast start and too high requirements", which caused students to be overburdened and the teaching efficiency was low. Some classes are practiced one after another. On the surface, they seem to have practiced a lot. In fact, it means that "the sword flashes and the downpour disappears", and there is not much left in the students' minds. My point is that it is better to do one problem seriously than to do ten problems casually.
The practice of "large amount of exercise and fast pace" is not suitable for children and is untenable in theory and practice. According to children's psychological characteristics, we should emphasize the methods of "one step at a time" and "slow and steady". Twelfth, the implementation of hierarchical teaching, focusing on teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. The class teaching system brings a problem, "What if the students' level is uneven? "? In the past, we didn't face up to this problem, and we still adhered to the practice of "one size fits all, marching in a hurry" in teaching. Poor students can't keep up, so they have to live a life of being scolded.
There are differences among students, which is objective. According to students' differences, it is an effective way to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Layered teaching includes layered requirements, layered learning and layered exercises, among which layered exercises are the main ones. Let the top students eat well, the poor students eat well, and achieve "nurturing the excellent and helping the poor"
The above twelve items are interrelated and constitute a new classroom teaching system.