Strategies of Infiltrating Moral Education in Primary Mathematics Classroom Teaching

Author: Liu Yonglai (Class 3, Mathematics, Haibei Primary School, Qinghai) Comments/Opinions: Published in February 1995:

20 12- 1 1- 19 20: 10:08

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The function of school education is to teach and educate people, cultivate and develop children's morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, and lay the foundation for them to become builders and successors of all-round development. Therefore, mathematics, as the main subject in school education, must also undertake the heavy responsibility of moral education. Through the integration and excavation of moral education resources in mathematics textbooks by the teachers of the research group, combined with daily classroom teaching activities and a series of comprehensive practical activities carried out by the community, moral education is basically realized in mathematics teaching.

(A) fully tap the moral education resources in mathematics textbooks.

1, using the contents of textbooks for moral education.

There are many illustrations and application problems in the content of primary school mathematics textbooks. In teaching, we can choose inspiring situation maps, convincing statistics and mathematical historical materials to educate students in patriotism.

In the first grade textbook:

When teaching the first and second volumes of mathematics, I first let the students look at the situation map and observe what Xiao Peng is doing. The student said, "Line up to buy ice cream." Then I asked them to look at the situation map and ask, "What happened at this time?" The students said in unison, "Xiao Pang squeezed into the middle of the team." Taking this opportunity, I asked the students, "Is this good for Xiao Pang?" The students can't speak well. I replied, "Why do you say he is not good?" Some students said, "This is an undisciplined performance." Some said, "This is selfish." Others said, "This is a bad behavior." In a few short sentences, let students know that they should consciously abide by discipline no matter where they are. Good educational results have been achieved.

For example, when teaching "Understanding of 6 and 7", the textbook itself is a cleaning situation, allowing students to discuss the children on the picture while counting, so that they can receive a profound education that loves labor and cleanliness.

For another example, when the professor understands August and September, the textbook itself is an environmental education picture that loves nature and protects the environment. Ask the students to discuss how the children in the picture protect the environment and what they should do in peacetime. Let students understand the importance of environmental protection and enhance their awareness of environmental protection. Another example is "knowing the number 1 1 to 20", which is an excellent situation to educate students to obey traffic rules.

In the second grade textbook:

For example, in the teaching of the fourth volume "Understanding Corners", teachers can create situations to guide students to find corners in their lives and make them by themselves. In this process, students not only know and feel the beauty of the corner, but also infiltrate the education of loving life and caring for public property invisibly, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.

For another example, in the activity of Statistics, we created such an introduction situation: "The elephant celebrated his birthday, and many small animals celebrated his birthday and brought flowers as gifts. Look at these little animals. Their feelings are really good! Can you think of a good way to let others see clearly what small animals are coming? "

I also timely insert the education of unity and friendship, "birthday", which is a familiar life scene for children and reflects a strong life atmosphere. Students' interest in participating is very high, and timely moral education will also have good results.

There are many such examples in math textbooks. As long as teachers fully tap and make use of the contents of textbooks, they can find moral education materials in math books.

2. Enrich moral education materials with mathematical historical materials.

In the history of mathematical development, China made great contributions to mathematical science. Ancient mathematicians in China made a very deep study of the circle very early. About 2000 years ago, there was a record of "One Way on Wednesday" in China's ancient mathematical work "Zhou Bian Shu Jing". It was not until 1200 years later that westerners discovered a similar method. About 1500 years ago, Chinese mathematician Zu Chongzhi calculated the pi between 3. 1.4 1.5926 and 3. 1.4 1.5927, making it the first in the world to make the pi accurate to six decimal places. He also used two fractions, 22/7 and 355/ 133, to express pi. 22/7 (approximately equal to 3. 14) is called approximate ratio, and 355/ 133 (approximately equal to 3.14/kloc-0) He got the secret rate at least earlier than foreign mathematicians got such an accurate value 1000 years.

In ancient China, equations were used to solve practical problems. As early as more than 700 years ago, China mathematician Ye Li (1 192- 1279) systematically applied and developed "astrology" in the process of solving problems.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 4th century, Zhu Shijie, a mathematician in China, founded "Quaternary Technology", which was a leap in ancient mathematics in China. Chen Jingrun and Hua, a famous modern mathematician, had no formal education in his childhood, but he was brilliant and made great contributions to the cause of mathematics. Chen Jingrun, a famous mathematician, struggled tenaciously on the journey of climbing Goldbach's conjecture and was far ahead.

These materials are scattered in the mathematics curriculum. Teachers should be good at digging and let students see the great achievements made by our country and nation in the field of mathematics through rich mathematical historical materials, so as to stimulate their national pride, self-esteem and self-confidence and make them realize that their generation has the responsibility to inherit and carry forward the glorious tradition of the nation. In addition, some foreign mathematicians have paid the price for the development of mathematics in the world. Let students know that every step of mathematics development needs the courage, courage and perseverance of mathematicians, even at the cost of life, to stimulate students' motivation to explore and work hard.

(B) in a planned and step-by-step way to achieve the goal of moral education in classroom teaching.

One of the most flexible and effective methods of moral education is to combine it with classroom education. According to the teaching content, it is a good material for moral education to design some application situations of ideological education purposefully, planned and step by step.

1. Infiltrate a little moral education in every math teaching.

(1) Innovative Mathematics Teaching

In the "Know Time" class, the teacher designed and arranged a short story: a clear Children's Day timetable, so that students can discuss the rationality of the timetable and get an education that cherishes time and loves life. In the situational picture of the new textbook, the stories are rich and colorful. When appropriate, the rational use of situational stories to educate students not only stimulates students' interest, but also permeates ideological education. Although most of the contents of ideological education do not occupy an obvious position in primary school mathematics textbooks, teachers can integrate moral education into knowledge analysis as long as they study the textbooks carefully and fully tap the potential moral education factors in the textbooks.

(2) Diversification of practice

After the teaching of "interest", we designed the homework for students to sort out the lucky money and pocket money after returning home. Through the completion of homework, let students realize that they should classify lucky money and pocket money, and gradually form a good habit of saving money, so that students can master mathematics knowledge and improve their self-care ability.

The application of percentage is a classic old course. How to create new ideas, we can start from students' interests and reorganize the materials, which will suit their "appetite" and make them have the desire to explore. After finishing the new knowledge, the teacher designed such a comprehensive exercise. Calculate Yao Ming's shooting percentage. In the topic, tell the students Yao Ming's shooting times, the total shooting times, and find the shooting percentage. This is a boring exercise, but because students like and admire Yao Ming, they have a strong desire to solve this problem. Therefore, I found that injecting some topics of educational significance and students' interest into the daily classroom will more effectively mobilize students' enthusiasm for learning.

2. Carry out targeted moral education in comprehensive practical activities.

Moral education infiltration should be organically combined not only in the classroom, but also with the comprehensive practical activities of organizations such as the Young Pioneers Community Holiday School. We can carry out some math activity classes and math theme activities appropriately. In addition, we should carry out various activities according to students' hobbies, such as practical investigation activities and telling the story of a little mathematician. I believe this will play multiple roles.

The following is a small survey of students in the experimental class of "Purifying Campus and Beautifying Bad Environment" in our school: Some students found that feces were often piled up on both sides of suburban streets, which affected the beauty of the streets, so they launched "What should I do with feces widely piled up in suburban streets?" By visiting, looking for information, writing improvement plans, distributing publicity materials, and discussing with street cadres about "plastic surgery" for the street, people's awareness of environmental protection was enhanced and the excrement on the street was transported out. At the same time, flowers and plants have been planted on the open space to make the streets clean and beautiful. Through activities, students use their own practical actions to improve the environment of suburban streets and develop civilized and hygienic living habits from an early age. Some students find that there are many problems in drying rice on the road during the harvest season, which makes the road full of chaff and flying dust, causing great inconvenience to pedestrians and vehicles, and sometimes causing traffic accidents. Quarrels and beatings between drivers and sunners also occur from time to time, which is particularly harmful. The children interviewed pedestrians, drivers and sunbathers to find out their views on this problem and seek solutions. At the same time, they got in touch with the township government to reflect the situation, and issued a "road refused to dry" leaflet, which produced good social effects with the children's practical actions.

These small investigation activities are put forward by students after their own observation and thinking. Although every activity is small, the students are meticulous. While participating in activities, their abilities of collecting information, sorting out information, investigating and interviewing, and solving problems are constantly improving.

(3) Mathematics teachers demonstrate and conduct good moral education.

Teachers have a great and direct influence on students through their own image and a spirit embodied by teachers. A teacher with noble morality is an example for students to learn. In a sense, teachers' love for students is manifested in noble morality. This kind of love is selfless, extensive and irrelevant, and it is a kind of love that combines good and sorrow. This kind of love is the emotional basis for teachers to educate students and the embodiment of teachers' love for education. Once this kind of teacher's love is realized by students, they will "be close to the teacher" and "believe in their way"; With this kind of love, teachers can grasp each student's personality in teaching, form appropriate expectations, pay attention to, respect and appreciate each student, and may have a good self-realization Rosenthal effect.

For example, in order to have a good math class, teachers have made a lot of preparations and adopted flexible teaching methods, so that students will not only study happily, but also have a sense of admiration for their teachers and a sense of responsibility from them, which will greatly promote their future study. The formation of good moral habits is the core of qualitative change in the development of a person's complete personality structure. In the process of cultivating students' good moral habits, we should attach importance to the exemplary role of moral education and give full play to teachers' personality strength.

In teaching practice, teachers "should establish the concept of educating people, love students, set an example, teach and educate people, and guide students to develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically with noble sentiments." In the eyes of students, teachers are the norms of society, the embodiment of morality, the model of mankind and the body double of parents. Noble and charming teachers' personality can produce a good effect that teaching by example is more important than teaching by words. Confucius Day: "His body is upright and he obeys without orders; His body is not right, although he does not obey. " It can be seen that the strength of teachers' personality has a great influence on students. Students often develop their personality from teachers' demeanor, form their moral character from teachers' conduct, and perfect the full meaning of personality from teachers' prestige.

Over the years, mathematics teachers in the whole school, especially the members of the research group, have been studying, exploring, reflecting and summarizing, constantly optimizing measures, and making efforts to promote them in an all-round way, and have achieved research results in infiltrating moral education into mathematics education.