Generally speaking, the teaching time in private schools can be divided into "short study" and "long study" because people can master it flexibly according to the time.
Short-term teaching is called "short-term learning" and usually lasts for one to three months. Parents don't have high requirements for this kind of private school, but only ask students to know some words, keep accounts and write couplets in the future.
"Long School" starts in the first half of the first lunar month every year, and it is not closed until the winter month. Its "long" means that the teachers in private schools are prestigious and have long teaching experience; Second, it means that students study for a long time and learn more content.
The private school education in Qing Dynasty began with literacy and reached the stage of learning to write articles. This teaching process begins with understanding Chinese characters.
The literacy textbooks read by students in private schools include Saint Amethyst, Hundred Family Names, Money, Celebrity Collection, Strange Poems, five-character miscellaneous words, seven-character miscellaneous words and other miscellaneous words.
These literacy textbooks have a common feature, that is, the sentences are short, the sentences are neat, the four tones are clear, the words are easy to read and the words are very big. Even children who are not very clever can read easily, catch their breath, learn quickly, read sentences well and memorize words.
At the same time, literacy textbooks make full use of the characteristics of Chinese characters, monosyllabic and tetrasyllabic Chinese characters, give full play to the characteristics of strong memory in childhood, and fully avoid the shortcomings of poor understanding in childhood. Highlighting the exertion and exercise of memory is the most effective and successful feature of Chinese character enlightenment education in China for more than 2,000 years.
The education mode of private schools requires teachers to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, which varies from person to person. For example, several students read different kinds of books at the same time, according to different degrees, such as three books such as San Zi Jing and Qian Zi Wen, two books about The Analects of Confucius, two books about Mencius, three books about The Book of Songs and two books about Zuo Zhuan. , can be under the guidance of a teacher.
At the same time, students who are reading the same book, teachers can also read in different amounts and at different speeds according to their different wisdom, different memories and understandings. Generally speaking, it is calculated by the number of sentences, that is, how many sentences the teacher generally stipulates to read every day. All the books I read at that time were punctuation-free. When teaching students to read a new book, the teacher points a short sentence with a scarlet brush, leads the students to read it once, and draws a circle when they reach a complete sentence.
Teachers take the lead in reading and students follow it, so the task of reading teaching is initially completed. Then the students read it by themselves, over and over again, and then put the book in front of the teacher at the specified time and turn around and recite it.
In the reading education in private schools, literacy and recitation are emphasized first, and then the teacher teaches reading jokes, emphasizing font and pronunciation, and distinguishing four tones.
For example, when teaching to read the sentences of "spring wind wind man" and "summer rain man", we must draw a circle in the upper right corner of the second wind word and rain word as a mark, so as to teach students to read with long sounds, naturally distinguish four tones clearly and memorize pronunciation, which is also the basic skill of learning to make a fuss. Reading and reciting the Four Books and Five Classics is one of the basic skills in learning composition. Being literate and able to distinguish four tones, being proficient in word segmentation and learning to pair are the second basic skills in learning articles. Both are indispensable.
Students in private schools should also learn to write, not just in block letters and small letters. In order to pursue higher fame in imperial examinations, they should write better and write "pavilion-style" characters with advanced calligraphy art level, reaching the level of the Hanlin Academy.
Although the calligraphy style of Hanlin Pavilion is not the highest standard from the perspective of pure calligraphy art, it is representative from the perspective of solemnity and beauty. A person who can write this kind of words, his earnest, earnest and meticulous style and attitude will generally affect his works.
Private school education is an intermediate stage for the church to make a fuss on the basis of clearly distinguishing the four tones in pairs after reading the "Four Books and Five Classics".
I can do the whole article, review the classics, read more famous model essays, often try to figure out and practice writing articles on various topics, and prepare for the exam, or study in a famous teacher's private school after failing to pass the exam. This is the advanced stage of private schools.