The first category: seeing the meaning of literature creation.

1. Not allowed.

Room: A gap. There is no room for a hair in the gap. Metaphor is extremely close to disaster or extremely critical situation. Not "describe the distance is small".

Step 2 sue

Books: complaints, indictments, etc.; Book search: being questioned; Court: used to refer to the place where officials tried cases. Be questioned in court. It can't be misused as "the two sides are in court".

Clap your hands happily

Quick: happy. Clap your hands. More means that justice has been done or the result of things is satisfactory. Can't be directly used in those cheerful scenes.

4. Not enough for training

Foot: It's worth it. Training: specification, model. Refers to valuelessness as a norm or model. It cannot be understood as "not worth teaching".

5. Unpublished theory

In ancient times, words were written on bamboo slips, and if there were mistakes, they were cut off. Refers to correct and unchangeable remarks. Can not be understood as "can not be published, published."

6. Can't see cows

Whole cow: whole cow. There is no complete cow in the eye, only the bone structure of the cow. Metaphor is skilled and handy. It can't be understood as "not having the whole concept or not seeing the whole". It cannot be misused as a derogatory term.

7. Lower Riba people

Originally refers to a song popular in Chu State during the Warring States Period. The metaphor of popular literature and art cannot be understood as "people with low social status".

8. Don't like this word

The original text is so well written that others can't add another sentence. Now it also means saying nothing. Don't say a word of approval.

9. endless

Absolutely: broken; Wisp: thin thread. Connected like a thin thread, it almost broke. Often used to describe a critical situation or a long, subtle sound. Can't be mistaken for "continuous".

10. After all

Go on like this for a long time. Mostly used for bad results.

1 1. Long vacation.

False: borrow. Borrow it for a long time and not pay it back. Don't come back after a long vacation.

12. Tomorrow's yellow flowers

Yellow flower: chrysanthemum. Originally refers to the chrysanthemum that gradually withered after the Double Ninth Festival. The latter refers to outdated things or news. Not something from the future.

13. Hot

My hands feel very hot. The metaphor is powerful and arrogant, which makes people afraid to approach. If it is used for people rather than things, it cannot be understood as "hot" or "selling goods".

14. Do everything.

There is nothing to do. Do all kinds of bad things. Can't be misused as a compliment.

15. Wonderful craft

Grasp: surpass. Artificial is superior to nature, and the description technique is very clever. Can't be used for "nature itself".

16. Nothing else.

Something long: something superfluous. Nothing but a suit. It used to mean frugality, but now it is described as poverty. I don't have any strengths.

17. Ants enter the millstone-all roads are roads.

Grinding disc, grinding chassis, chiseled with many toothed channels. There are many ways of metaphor, there are many ways. There are many roads.

18. Don't donate small things.

Fine: micro, small; Donate: give up. Don't abandon the small and the big. Describe everything, there is no choice. Donate nothing.

19. Rock fracture

Metaphor article discussion is novel and amazing. Can't be used for "amazing news or changes".

20. Speak dangerously

Danger: integrity. Speak upright words and do upright things. Can't be understood as "dangerous words and deeds."

2 1. cardamom years

Cardamom: a kind of herb, which refers to a woman of thirteen or fourteen years old. It can't be used by adult women, let alone boys.

22. Crime cannot be punished.

Zhu: Killing sinners. The evil is so great that killing can't offset the evil it has committed. It cannot be understood as "a small crime should not be killed."

23. It's a great honor

Quick: happy. It means that the bad guys are punished or hit, and everyone is happy. Can't be used for "ordinary good things".

24. unite as one

Hugh: Joey, Qing Ji; Qi: Sadness, sadness. Sorrow, joy and misfortune are interrelated, closely related and interest-related. Subject can't be used for anything except characters.

25. disappear

Wandering: the appearance of diaspora; Release: dissipate. Just as ice melts when it meets heat. Describe the complete elimination of doubts, misunderstandings, obstacles, etc. Can't be used to describe the melting of ice and snow.

Similar idioms misused by misunderstanding include:

1. Take chestnuts from the fire: a metaphor for being used by others to do risky things, and paying the price but not getting benefits.

2. Empty streets: describe grand occasions such as celebration and welcome.

Don't go too far: it means that enough is enough to blame or punish people.

4. Looking at the ocean and sighing: a metaphor for feeling helpless because of incompetence or insufficient conditions.

5. People make things happen: relying on others to accomplish things.

6. Celebrate each other by playing the crown: It means that in the officialdom of the old society, when a person is an official or promoted, conspirators will celebrate each other and there will be officials to do it.

7. Sima Qing: a metaphor for sympathy expressed because of similar experiences.

8. Forgetting one's ancestors after counting: a metaphor for ignorance of one's own history.

9. Fighting: a metaphor for doing things with great fanfare.

10. High mountains and flowing water: a metaphor for a bosom friend or confidant.

1 1. Missing: a metaphor for something suddenly lost. It is also a metaphor that news travels fast.

12. Literally, it means that the article is written in one go, without modification, and it describes quick thinking and skillful writing.

Misuse of the second class object

Some idioms have specific users, and if they are uncertain, they are easy to expand the scope of use or be misused for other purposes.

⑴. Beautiful: Used to describe a tall and gorgeous house, but not a work of art. ..

(2) Respect each other as guests, and the piano and musical instruments are good. About the second time: it can only be used between husband and wife, not for friends, classmates and colleagues.

(3) childhood friends: only used between young men and women.

(4) Unity: It can only be used between people, not between things.

5. turn a deaf ear: it can't be used for vision.

[6], Lu Lanlun: It is only used to describe the hardships of starting a business, not the hardships of life.

(7) There are many books described, but not many others.

Face-to-face life: used for elders, but not for juniors, peers and friends.

Levies, three orders and five applications: the higher and lower levels are common.

A steady stream; Used for people, horses, cars and boats.

(1 1), handy: brush strokes for writing and drawing, not for manners.

(12), suddenly realized: it can't be used to describe people's character.

(13), indelible: traces, impressions, achievements, career reasons, etc. If you add emotion and friendship, it would be wrong.

(14), Old Pearl Yellow: female only.

(15), excelling in nature: it can only describe labor, not nature.

(16), step by step: just for study and work.

(17), treading on thin ice: used in people's mood, not in the environment.

The third kind of praise and criticism is opposite.

Idioms can be divided into commendatory, neutral and derogatory meanings according to their emotional colors, so we should distinguish between commendatory and derogatory meanings in the use process, otherwise it will easily lead to mistakes in the use of commendatory or derogatory words.

"In order to meet the superior inspection of poverty alleviation, Jindong Temple Village of Hubei Province gathered the flocks of several villages together and used their economies of scale to defraud poverty alleviation funds. The bad means are amazing. "

This idiom describes what you see as wonderful to the extreme and is a compliment. When it is used to deceive and deceive superiors, it makes the mistake of' mixed praise and criticism'.

"In order to save this factory that is on the verge of bankruptcy, the newly appointed factory leaders actively carry out market research and pay close attention to product quality and development. It is really thoughtful."

This is a derogatory term, which is used as a compliment in example sentences, so it is wrong.

Praise, misuse and derogatory mainly include:

1. wait and see: it is urgent to describe expectations.

2. Good at calculation: accurate description, good at sizing up the situation and deciding strategies.

3. Be worthy of the name: the explanation is really good, not empty.

4. rarity: a metaphor for precious and rare people or things.

5. Magnificent scenery: describe the richness of beautiful things.

6. Refreshing: Describe the beautiful and moving poems and articles, giving people a feeling of leisure and hearty.

7. There is another world: it is fascinating to describe the realm of scenery or artistic creation.

8. Don't worry: Metaphor writing does not follow the predecessors, and finds another way.

9. What you said was unintentional: it means that you didn't mean it.

10. desperate management: refers to painstaking management.

1 1. Time is still long: the days ahead are still long. Show that there is something to do and advise people not to do it in a hurry.

The main reasons for misusing derogatory terms are:

1. The town is full of wind and rain: the metaphor of an event is widely spread, and there are many discussions everywhere.

2. Various: There are many descriptions and all kinds.

3. Coincidentally, there is more than one, and there are even pairs.

4. Do everything: This means doing all the bad things.

5. In the long run: In the long run.

6. scrambling: a metaphor for many people scrambling to chase bad things.

7. Half a catty: Metaphors are the same as each other.

8. Equal treatment: treat things equally regardless of differences.

9. Rack your brains: Rack your brains and do your best.

10. talk big: you are not ashamed to talk big and brag.

1 1. blatant: describes doing bad things openly and brazenly.

12. To preserve our sanity: it refers to the attitude of avoiding the principle struggle for fear of getting into trouble.

13. get carried away: it means forgetting one's proper behavior because of excessive excitement or complacency.

14. Talk: Talk aimlessly.

15. Initiator: metaphor is the first person who does bad things or the initiator of bad atmosphere.

16. Too high a goal: refers to the unrealistic pursuit of too high a goal in study or work.

17. Handan toddler: It means that imitators don't go home, but forget what they once knew.

18. bereavement: as sad and anxious as the death of parents.

19. Birds of a feather are birds of a feather: metaphors are ugly and there is no difference.

20. Aggressive: describe aggressive, domineering and embarrassing.

2 1. eyeing: describes staring at it maliciously and waiting for an opportunity to start.

22. ulterior motives: refers to the attempts of unreliable people in words or actions.

23. Well-dressed: The clothes and hats are neatly dressed and beautiful, but the appearance and heart are different.

24. Rhetoric: Describe rhetoric and hypocrisy.

25. Be a good teacher: It shows that you are not modest and like to pretend to be an educator.

26. People are people: it means that children are adults (intimate language), or that people's attitudes and behaviors are not commensurate with their status (irony).

27. Show off: Show a smug or arrogant attitude.

28. cocky: describe a person who is complacent and complacent.

29. follow your heart: follow your heart.

30. Alas, it means to die or die.

3 1. Chongtian: It describes colorful and extremely beautiful, and refers to exaggeration rather than truth.

32. Clever tongue: describe rhetoric and eloquence.

33. Harmony: It means that we only talk about harmony, not principles.

34. Make a makeover: On the surface, it looks the same as before.

The misuse of objects mainly includes:

1. Cardamom: refers to a girl of thirteen or fourteen.

2. Beautiful: describe the tall and numerous houses.

Respect each other as guests: it means that husband and wife respect each other, just like guests.

4. Metaphor is reunion after separation or divorce.

5. The harp is good: it is a metaphor that the relationship between husband and wife is very good.

6. Childhood friends: refers to the intimate relationship between men and women when they are young.

7. Unity: Describe close relationships and interests.

8. turn a deaf ear: just ignore it and put it aside as if you didn't hear it.

9. blue road: describe the hardships of starting a business.

10. Sweaty: describes a large collection of books.

1 1. Face-to-face teaching: describes the enthusiasm of the elders to teach the younger generation.

12. Repeated orders and five applications: repeated education does not change, mostly referring to superiors to subordinates and leaders to the masses.

13. An endless stream: describes pedestrians, cars and horses coming and going, one after another.

14. easy to write: describe chic and calm. It also describes writing or writing articles and painting freely.

15. suddenly enlightened: the description changed from narrow and dim to open and bright.

16. indelible: refers to deeds and remarks that remain in people's memory forever.

17. Old pearls are yellow: it means that women are despised because they are old, just as pearls turn yellow with age and are not as valuable as new pearls.

18. wonderful workmanship: the description skills are extremely ingenious.

19. Step by step: refers to the gradual deepening or improvement of study and work according to certain steps.

20. Treading on thin ice: refers to the extremely cautious mood, use it more.

The idioms listed in pairs below have the same basic meaning but opposite emotional colors. In each pair of words, the former word is a positive word and the latter word is a negative word:

1. Love is in harmony: describe the harmony of thoughts and feelings of both sides.

Like-minded: Metaphorically, people get along well because they have the same bad thoughts and habits.

2. Make the best use of the situation: act flexibly according to the specific situation.

Have it both ways: Metaphorically, look at the momentum or other people's eyes.

3. Talk to Kan Kan: Speak confidently and calmly.

Talk big: it is unrealistic to describe things in a grandiose way.

4. A view: Modesty refers to a superficial view of a problem.

Single view: a metaphor for a narrow and one-sided view.

5. Everywhere: refers to no place that can't be reached. It also means that everything you can do has been done.

Meticulous: describes caring and caring very carefully.

6. Make persistent efforts: it is a metaphor for continuing to work hard and making more efforts.

The situation has become worse than before, referring to shortcomings and mistakes.

7. Deliberate: Think deeply and repeatedly.

Deliberate: refers to long-term planning to do something.

8. Rack your brains: Think hard, think hard.

Do your best: do your best.

9. Founder: refers to the founder of a business.

Initiator: a metaphor for the first person who does bad things or the initiator of bad atmosphere.

10. To be on one's high horse: to describe high spirits and high spirits.

To be on one's high horse: to describe complacency and get carried away.

The fourth context is incompatible.

Idioms are also words, which should conform to a certain language environment. If the context is not suitable, they will naturally be misused. The meaning of idioms must be consistent with the meaning of sentences, otherwise it is wrong.

It was a photo of two people, with a handsome PLA soldier on the left and a weak student on the right.

A large number of students refers to a large number of students. Although there are "students" conditions in the example, they don't have "many" conditions, which has nothing to do with the context.

Words like this question are:

(1)' Turn the tide': the metaphor is trying to save a sinister situation. If there is no sinister situation in the context, it cannot be used.

⑵' Caring for each other': it is a metaphor for being in the same predicament and helping each other.

(3) \' live up to its reputation \': \' name \' is \' reputation \' is a good reputation, but there is no general reputation.

(4)' Heard': The subject of this word can only be the infected person, not the infected person.

5.' Intimacy': Only the complement of' de' can be used.

(6) "Dissatisfaction": overall satisfaction.

1. Immersion: Being in a certain environment or atmosphere.

Put yourself in others' shoes.

2. Look at the back: You can see other people's necks and backs, which means you can catch up with or match (often used in negative sentences).

Far behind: metaphor is far behind.

3. Seeing and hearing: I have seen and heard a lot, and I have been influenced invisibly.

See and listen: listen with your own eyes, see with your own eyes.

4. Give up the foundation: describe the inversion of light and heavy.

Putting the cart before the horse: metaphor reverses the primary and secondary relations, essential relations and non-essential relations.

5. unparalleled: unparalleled. (commendatory)

Not in the same breath: description can't be compared, can't be compared.

6. inseparable: describe loneliness.

As inseparable as paint: describe the close relationship between them.

7. Love at first sight: We hit it off like old friends.

Love at first sight: love came into being as soon as we met.

8. Not limited to one specification or method.

Freedom: free from any constraints, describing freedom.

9. I don't think about it: generally speaking, I am happy and forget to return.

Overjoyed: describe happiness to the extreme.

10. Disapprove: Disapprove if you think it is wrong.

Able to shrug off: if you don't take it to heart, it means that you don't take it seriously.

1 1. Disappointed: unable to convince the masses.

Live up to expectations: live up to the hopes of the masses.

12. Time is not allowed: metaphor is very close to disaster. The situation is extremely critical.

Intimacy: describes being very intimate without any barriers.

Fifth kind of ideographic repetition

Idioms are generally refined and used properly, which can achieve concise results. However, if we don't pay attention to the semantic contrast between idioms and sentences, it will easily lead to the repetition of implied meanings of idioms and sentence semantics.

(1), the working people are poor (2), and the vast number of victims are sad.

(3) The people are devastated. (4) They travel day and night.

There are fruit trees everywhere in the hills and fields.

[6], speak loudly, voice Hong Zhong once, improving day by day.

There is a self-evident subtext that many students

⑽. My humble abode is really lively and vigorous seafood (1 1).

(12), the current urgent matter (13), bearish on yourself.

The sixth kind of misuse of literal meaning

1. Dilemma: describes a dilemma.

2. For example, sitting in the spring breeze: a metaphor to gain a lesson or influence.

3. Spring breeze melts rain: a metaphor for a good education

4. Intermittent: describe the situation as extremely critical.

5. The disaster comes from the wall: it refers to the disaster from the inside.

6. heat: describe power and arrogance, which makes people afraid to approach.

7. A strip of water: Although there are rivers, lakes and seas apart, the distance is not far enough to be an obstacle to communication.

8. At the beginning of getting off the bus: Metaphorically, I just arrived at a place with work tasks.

9. Cut to the chase: Metaphorically speaking or writing an article directly talks about this topic without beating around the bush.

10. Clear water without fish: it is a metaphor that people care too much about their own shortcomings and cannot unite.

1 1. Blind people touch the elephant: it is a metaphor for blind action, and the consequences are very dangerous.

12. Unique: There is no second one in the world.

The Seventh Dislocation of Modesty and Respect

Some idioms are modest words, which can only be said to yourself, while others are respectful words, which can only be said to people. If there is no correct distinction, you will make the mistake of dislocation of modesty and respect.

Throw a brick to attract jade': a metaphor for eliciting other people's brilliant and mature opinions or works with shallow and immature opinions or articles, which is often used as a modest word and can only be used against oneself.

Similar words are:

⑴ Open-minded: It describes being very modest, showing respect to others, only to others, not to yourself.

⑵ A dog's tail is followed by a mink: it means that something that is not easy to take is followed by something that is good, and it is usually only used in one's own works to show modesty.

⑶ Rong: used to thank others for coming to their home, or to thank others for sending their own calligraphy and painting to their home.

⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷⑷𖲗𖲗𖲗𖲗𖲗𖲗⑷⑷⑷93

5. yearning: used to express admiration for someone or something.

[6] Humble opinion: a modest word to express' my humble opinion'.