The construction of nurses is a fundamental issue related to the development of nursing career. At present, the overall level of nurses is obviously insufficient in terms of quantity, professional quality and knowledge structure, which is manifested in the following aspects: first, there is a lack of legal protection of nurses' rights and interests and legal management of nurses' access, and incidents that infringe on nurses' rights and interests occur from time to time, and the problem of entering the nursing team to engage in nursing technical work without formal nursing professional training is more prominent in some areas; Second, there is a shortage of nurses in nursing posts in medical institutions, and the proportion of doctors and nurses has declined year after year. According to the statistics of the Statistical Center of the Ministry of Health, in 2006 1, 5438+0, and in 2003 1, the ratio of doctors and nurses was 1:2.28. The ratio of nurses to beds in the recently investigated 126 general hospitals is only 0.33: 1 on average, which can't meet the requirements of the Ministry of Health 1978 "Organizational Principles of General Hospitals" and "Basic Standards of Medical Institutions", and the number of nurses in some hospitals is more than double that of existing nurses. Third, the overall quality of nurses is low, and there is a gap between the knowledge structure, professional quality, technical level and ability and the development of medical technology and the diversified health service needs of the people. Medical accidents caused by nurses' professional skills often occur; Fourthly, there is a lack of rational planning and scientific management of nurse human resources. Compared with clinical medicine, the professional development of nurses is relatively backward, and the subject leaders of nursing specialty are insufficient.
(b) Nursing education needs further development and standardization.
Developing nursing education is the basis of training high-level nurses. Since the reform and opening up, China's nursing education has made great progress, but there is still a gap with the development of social economy, medicine and nursing specialty, which is manifested in the following aspects: first, the hierarchical structure of nursing education needs further adjustment and optimization; Second, the quality of nursing teaching needs to be improved; Third, there is a lack of systematic and standardized post-graduation education and continuing education for nurses; Fourth, nurses in specialized nursing posts and nursing management posts lack standardized training.
(3) The quality of clinical nursing service and professional technical level need to be improved.
Nursing is to maintain and promote health, relieve pain, improve quality of life, and use professional knowledge and technology to serve people's health. Quality nursing plays an important role in ensuring patient safety and promoting patient rehabilitation. At present, in practical work, there is still a gap between nursing work and the needs of patients and the requirements of clinical diagnosis and treatment, which is manifested in the following aspects: First, the "patient-centered" holistic nursing has not been fully implemented in practical work, and there is still a gap between nursing service consciousness and service concept and the needs of the people and clinical work. Some hospitals neglect patients' condition observation, physical and mental care and help, rehabilitation and health guidance. Second, the technical level of nursing specialty needs to be synchronized with the development of diagnosis and treatment technology, and the nursing level of difficult and critical patients needs to be further improved; Third, the nursing field needs to be further expanded, extending to family, community and society; Fourth, the nursing work needs to highlight the collection and arrangement of people-oriented medical education network, create a professional culture of caring, loving and caring for patients, and carry forward the humanitarian spirit of saving lives.
(D) The scientific level of nursing management needs to be improved
It is estimated that there are about 654.38+million nursing managers engaged in clinical nursing management in China, most of whom are selected from clinical nurses to management positions, and there is a certain gap between technical talents and management talents. The main problems in the field of nursing management are: first, the management level and ability of nursing managers need to be improved, and the management methods need to be adapted to the continuous improvement of nursing quality, modern management strategies, scientific management of human resources and the transformation and utilization of nursing information; Second, the evaluation standards and methods of nursing quality should focus on the key factors that affect the whole process of nursing service quality, objectively and scientifically reflect and promote the actual quality of nursing work.