First, the influencing factors of infant development

biotic factor

1, genetic quality provides a material premise for the development of infants;

2. Congenital factors such as fetal environment have great influence on children's development;

3. Mature mechanism plays a restrictive role in children's development.

social factor

Social factors include social, family, education and other environmental factors in which children live, and environment and education are decisive factors for children's psychological development.

1, environmental guidance will exert a subtle influence on children's development;

2. Family environment lays the foundation for children's development;

3. Education plays a leading role in children's development, which determines the direction of children's development and puts forward clear directions and goals for children's development.

(c) Children's own initiative

1. In the process of development, children show their initiative as independent living beings;

2. The same environment will have different effects on different children;

3. From the perspective of children's psychological development, children's understanding of the outside world is a process of active activities within children;

4. Without the embodiment of children's own initiative, it is difficult to give full play to the role of other factors.

Second, the age characteristics of early childhood (3~6 years old)

(A) the psychological characteristics of early childhood (3-4 years old)

1, behavior is dominated by emotions, and 3-year-old children are very unstable and easily influenced by external environment;

2. Love to imitate;

3. Think with intuition.

(B) the psychological characteristics of children in middle age (4-5 years old)

1, love to play, can play, lively and active;

2. The concrete image of thinking;

3, began to accept the task;

4. Start organizing your own games.

3. Psychological characteristics of children in the later period (5~6 years old)

1, studious, curious and eager to learn;

2. The ability of abstract generalization began to develop;

3. Begin to master cognitive methods;

4. Personality has been formed.

Third, children's psychological development trend

(A) from simple to complex

1, from incomplete to complete;

2. From commonness to differentiation.

(B) from concrete to abstract

Children's psychological activities are very specific at first, and then they become more and more abstract and generalized. The development of children's thinking typically reflects this trend, and children's understanding of things is very specific. For example, he thinks that his son will always be a child, and he doesn't understand how an uncle with a beard can be a son. Abstract logical thinking, a typical adult thinking mode, began to sprout and develop at the end of preschool.

(C) from passive to active

Children's psychological activities are passive at first, and then the initiative of psychological activities develops and gradually improves until adults have great subjective initiative.

This trend of children's psychological development is mainly manifested in two aspects:

1, from unintentional to intentional development;

2. From physiological constraints to self-regulation. Children's psychological activities are largely limited by physiology. With the maturity of physiology, the initiative of psychological activities is gradually enhanced.