Children's science education aims to cultivate children's scientific thinking and exploration spirit, so that they can master scientific knowledge through practice and experience and cultivate a series of abilities. The following are the abilities and methods that need to be cultivated in children's science education:

1. Scientific observation ability: cultivate children's observation, perception and thinking ability, and let children learn to discover, analyze and explain natural phenomena.

2. Experimental design and practical ability: guide children to carry out experimental design and practical operation, cultivate children's ability to observe, record, analyze and summarize, and improve their ability to solve problems.

3. Inquiry ability: Encourage children to ask questions, question and think actively, cultivate children's ability of active learning and independent inquiry, and cultivate curiosity and innovative thinking.

4. Logical thinking ability: cultivate children's logical thinking ability, let children learn to analyze problems, reason and judge, and cultivate a scientific way of thinking.

5. Ability of data analysis and chart presentation: Teach children how to collect, sort out, analyze and interpret data, and present and display the results of scientific experiments through charts and images.

6. Teamwork and communication skills: Encourage children to participate in group cooperation activities, cultivate their teamwork and communication skills, and learn to cooperate with others to solve scientific problems.

7. Creativity and innovative ability: cultivate children's creative thinking and innovative ability, encourage them to put forward new ideas and solutions, and cultivate their love and interest in science.

8. Interdisciplinary learning and application ability: guide children to combine scientific knowledge with other disciplines, cultivate their comprehensive learning and application ability, and promote the application of scientific knowledge in real life.

In educational practice, these abilities can be cultivated by the following methods:

1. practical inquiry: through experiments, observations and investigations, let children do it themselves, explore scientific problems in practice, and cultivate practical ability and scientific thinking.

2. Problem-oriented learning: guide children to ask questions, solve problems through research and investigation, and cultivate children's problem-solving ability and logical thinking ability.

3. Cooperative learning: organize group activities to let children learn and solve problems in teamwork and cultivate their cooperation and communication skills.

4. Multimedia teaching: The use of multimedia technology, combined with charts, pictures, videos and other forms to present scientific knowledge, improve children's interest in learning and understanding.

5. Practical application: guide children to apply the scientific knowledge they have learned to real life, such as designing and making scientific experimental equipment and visiting scientific exhibitions.

To sum up, children's science education should focus on cultivating scientific thinking, practical ability, inquiry ability, logical thinking, data analysis and chart representation ability, teamwork and communication ability, creativity and innovation ability, interdisciplinary learning and application ability. At the same time, these abilities are cultivated through practical inquiry, problem-oriented learning, cooperative learning, multimedia teaching and practical application.