World kidney day [International Society of Nephrology]
The second Thursday of March is designated as world kidney day every year. 16 March 10 was 1 1 world kidney day, and the theme was "kidney diseases and children".
On World Kidney Disease Day 20 16, it is necessary to pay attention to children's kidney disease and adult kidney disease that may be delayed from childhood. Acute kidney injury in children caused by various reasons may have long-term sequelae, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD) years later. The etiology of CKD in children is mostly congenital, and some of them are secondary renal injury caused by complications of non-renal diseases. Children's CKD not only leads to the increase of morbidity and mortality, but also leads to medical problems after childhood. In fact, many child deaths caused by infectious diseases are closely related to kidney involvement. A large number of data show that hypertension, proteinuria and CKD in adults have existed in childhood, and some even existed as early as intrauterine and perinatal period. 20 16 World Kidney Disease Day aims to popularize the concept that many adult kidney diseases actually begin in childhood. Recognizing the high-risk factors and events in childhood, it is possible to identify and intervene high-risk CKD patients at an early stage.
3 The Origin of world kidney day In order to attract global attention to chronic kidney diseases and related cardiovascular diseases and popularize the knowledge of prevention and treatment of kidney diseases, the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations (IFKF) proposed in 2006 that the second Thursday of March be designated as world kidney day. On this day every year, various publicity activities are held in many countries around the world.
The International Society of Nephrology and the International Nephrology Foundation jointly advocated the establishment of the world kidney day, which aims at:
1, to improve people's understanding of the high incidence and mortality of chronic kidney disease and its related cardiovascular diseases;
2. Let people realize that the early detection and prevention of chronic kidney disease is an urgent problem in the world.
The focus of world kidney day is to make general practitioners and professional nurses with healthy kidneys more aware of the role of kidneys: as a risk sign of related chronic diseases (such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases), early detection of any form of kidney damage is an urgent problem to be solved now.
From the overall situation of the world, the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease is facing severe challenges. This challenge is mainly manifested in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease, which has the characteristics of high prevalence rate, high cardiovascular disease prevalence rate and high mortality rate, and low awareness rate of cardiovascular disease, prevention and treatment rate and awareness rate. According to the estimation of ISN and IFKF, patients with chronic kidney disease account for one tenth of the world population, that is, more than 500 million people, most of whom have not been diagnosed and treated in time. Undetected consequences of patients with chronic kidney disease: first, renal failure caused by renal failure requires dialysis or transplantation, and more importantly, premature death due to cardiovascular disease before entering renal failure.
After ISN and IFKF put forward the idea of establishing a world kidney, they immediately received the attention and positive response from kidney societies all over the world. China Society of Nephrology called on nephrologists all over the country to actively publicize world kidney day and arouse the whole society's attention to chronic kidney disease.
Previous Theme On March 9th, 2006, the first theme was "Chronic Kidney Disease", and the propaganda slogan was "Care for health, care for kidneys-early diagnosis and active prevention".
On March 8, 2007, the theme of the second session was "Know your kidney" and the slogan was "Is your kidney healthy?"
On March 3, 2008, 13, the theme was "magic kidney" and the slogan was "Is your kidney healthy?" The propaganda signboard is "Your kidney filters and purifies 200 liters of blood every day", and the propaganda purpose is "Kidney disease is common and harmful, and it can really be treated!" .
On March 2, 2009, the theme of the fourth session was "steadily lowering blood pressure and protecting kidneys", and the propaganda slogan was "keeping kidneys healthy".
The theme of the 5th March 20 10 1 1 is "protecting kidney and controlling diabetes".
The sixth session? 2011March 10? The theme is "Protecting Kidney and Saving Heart" [1]
The seventh session? 20 12 March 8? The theme is "Donate kidney to prolong life"
The eighth session? 201March 3 14? The theme is "prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease in the elderly"
The ninth session? 20 14 March 13? The theme is "prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease in the elderly" [2]
March 10 day 20 15 12? The theme is "for all people's kidney health" [3]
The theme of issue 1 1 2065 438+06 03 10 is "Nephropathy and Children" [4].
5 kidney disease A healthy adult's kidney filters and washes about 200 liters of blood every day. The kidney keeps the body fluid minerals and blood acidity at a stable level by filtering metabolites and minerals and excreting them with water. In addition, the kidney also has the functions of controlling human blood pressure, producing red blood cells and keeping bones healthy.
According to the statistics published by the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Funds, there are currently 500 million people in the world with different degrees of kidney damage, and millions of people die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by chronic kidney diseases every year. At present, more than 654.38+0.5 billion people in the world rely on renal dialysis or kidney transplantation to maintain their lives, and this number is expected to increase exponentially in the next decade.
At the onset of chronic kidney disease, patients generally have no discomfort symptoms and are often ignored. However, people who look healthy but have chronic kidney disease have more than ten times the risk of dying from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. If uremia develops, it will not only damage health, but even endanger the life of patients. When 20% to 30% patients go to the hospital for the first time, their renal function damage has developed to an irreversible stage.
The International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Funds call on everyone to care for their "magic" kidneys, find kidney damage as soon as possible and receive necessary treatment to avoid serious diseases.
Investigation shows that there are about 654.38+300 million adults with chronic kidney disease in China. Chronic kidney disease may develop into advanced renal failure if it is not treated in time.
Chronic kidney disease is a global public health problem, which is called "silent killer" because of its low awareness rate, high morbidity and high mortality. Experts say that chronic kidney disease is divided into five stages. In the first four stages, patients can choose conservative treatment. Once they enter the fifth stage of kidney disease, their condition will enter an irreversible state and they will face the problem of renal failure.
6 Understanding Kidney Diseases Kidney diseases refer to primary and secondary diseases such as glomerulus, renal tubules, renal interstitium and renal blood vessels, among which acute nephritis, chronic nephritis, primary nephrotic syndrome and urinary tract infection are more common. At present, more than 654.38+0 million people in the world rely on dialysis for survival, and the annual growth rate is 8%. The clinical data of nephrology department in medium and large hospitals show that the onset age of chronic kidney disease is still younger, and many uremic patients are only twenty or thirty years old, and the youngest is even a teenager.
6. 1 typical symptoms 1, edema: it can be seen in acute and chronic nephritis and other nephropathy. Nephropathy edema first appeared in eyelids, most obviously in the morning, and gradually developed to the whole body. However, diseases of the heart, liver and endocrine system can also cause edema, so we should seek medical attention as soon as possible to clarify the cause.
Low back pain: kidney calculi's disease, acute nephritis, acute pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, renal tumor, etc. Can cause low back pain. If you have low back pain, you should see a doctor in time, and describe the specific part, occurrence time and pain nature of low back pain in detail so that doctors can check and diagnose it.
3. Hypertension: Chronic kidney disease will lead to hypertension when it develops to a certain stage, and hypertension will also lead to kidney damage when it develops to a certain stage. The two influence each other. Therefore, when hypertension occurs, it should not be underestimated, should be actively treated, and carry out kidney-related examinations.
4. Foamed urine: If there are still many foams in the urine after standing for a period of time, it means that the protein content in the urine may exceed the standard. This proteinuria can be seen in acute and chronic glomerulonephritis and renal tubular diseases, hypertensive renal damage, diabetic nephropathy and so on.
5, hematuria: glomerulonephritis, urinary system infection, polycystic kidney and urinary system stones, tumors and trauma can cause hematuria. Some hematuria is visible to the naked eye, and some can only be found under a microscope. No matter what kind of hematuria is found, further examination is needed to determine the cause.
6.2 Preventive measures 1. Don't abuse drugs: many painkillers, cold medicines and Chinese herbal medicines are nephrotoxic. Don't take it without a doctor's diagnosis and guidance, otherwise it is likely to damage the kidneys unconsciously. In addition, those who have a history of drug allergy and kidney disease should also explain to the doctor in time when seeking medical treatment.
2, pay attention to keep warm, prevent colds: Clinically, it is found that when the weather is cold or the temperature changes obviously, the number of patients with new kidney disease and those with aggravated conditions increases significantly. This is related to blood vessel contraction caused by temperature drop or change, which affects renal blood flow. In addition, respiratory diseases such as colds are also harmful to the kidneys, which can lead to acute nephritis or aggravate the original condition. Many patients with kidney disease who come to see a doctor have a history of cold before onset 1 to 3 weeks. Therefore, when the weather changes, we should pay attention to cold and warmth, avoid respiratory diseases such as colds and pay attention to controlling blood pressure.
3, do not overeat: overeating will increase the burden on the kidneys, often, it is harmful to the kidneys, and people with kidney disease should pay more attention.
4, pay attention to tonsillitis: Streptococcus tonsillitis infection can lead to acute nephritis, tonsillitis repeated authors, should consider surgical radical treatment as soon as possible.
5, do not urinate: the habit of urinating is not conducive to the kidneys, because urine often stays in the bladder for a long time, which is easy to cause bacterial reproduction, so that bacteria can infect the kidneys through the bladder and ureter, causing pyelonephritis.
6. Control diabetes and hypertension: Both diabetes and hypertension are harmful to the kidneys, which can cause chronic kidney diseases, and kidney diseases will aggravate the conditions of diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, patients with diabetes and hypertension should pay attention to controlling their condition and make urine tests regularly.
7. Pay attention to the treatment of urinary calculi: Some patients with urinary calculi think that they will be cured as long as the pain stops, but it is very dangerous to do so. Because urinary calculi, especially ureteral calculi, can easily cause hydronephrosis, which will form obstructive nephropathy over time, and in severe cases, renal failure and uremia will occur.
8. Stay away from heavy metals and poisons: heavy metals such as lead, chromium and mercury, organic solvents such as benzene, toluene and phenol, and biotoxins such as snake venom, raw fish gall and poisonous mushrooms will seriously damage the kidneys. Avoid contact with these substances. If contact is inevitable because of work, you must take preventive measures.
Nephropathy in children is different from CKD in adults, and the main causes of CKD in children are congenital and hereditary abnormalities. Up to now, it has been found that more than 150 genes can regulate renal development or specifically regulate the functions of glomeruli and renal tubules. In developing countries, the mortality rate related to kidney diseases is high, so it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in medical services and prognosis between countries and regions. Different public infrastructure in different regions and countries leads to significant differences in available medical services. Paying attention to children's kidney disease may achieve a cost-effective solution, because early treatment can effectively prevent and treat the progress of chronic kidney disease.
The treatment strategy of children's kidney disease is different from that of adults. Children's kidney diseases are mainly congenital and hereditary diseases. The treatment of children's kidney diseases has been limited, and only some immune diseases have alternative treatment measures. Children's kidney disease affects children's growth and development, and can also affect their adult life. In addition, most children in developing countries lack medical resources. Therefore, in order to establish an alliance of common communication and action, it is urgent to popularize education for relevant personnel. The direction that needs to be focused on is to focus on the early diagnosis and treatment of children's kidney diseases, and to expand and reorganize multidisciplinary cooperation. Traditional Chinese medicine has certain advantages in treating chronic kidney disease.
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