The four early academic systems refer to Ren Yin's academic system, Gui Mao's academic system, Ren Zi's academic system and Ren Xu's academic system. The guiding ideology of this academic system is "middle school as the body, western learning for use". And most of them draw lessons from the thought of Japanese education system.

I. Introduction to the academic system

1, the first formal education system in modern China. 1902 (the 28th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty), Zhang Baixi, the minister of management, drafted the constitution of imperial academy, that is, the non-Yin academic system, which was not implemented.

2. 1903 (the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty) In July, the Qing government ordered Zhang Baixi, Rong Qing and Zhang Zhidong to redraft the school rules according to the Japanese school system, and published them in June 1904 (the 30th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty), that is, "playing the school rules", which was called Guimao school system because it was the year of the old calendar.

Second, form the background.

1. Because Cecilia Cheung, who presided over the "Renyin academic system", was slandered as favoring the new school, and at the same time, because the Renyin academic system was hastily formulated, some people put forward different opinions after its publication, among which Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, also put forward more systematic suggestions.

2. In this case, Zhang Baixi and Rong Qing, the ministers in charge of management, invited Zhang Zhidong to run a school with businessmen in June 1903, and the imperial edict was accurate.

Third, the purpose of establishing a school.

1. The academic system stipulates that the aim of the school is "loyalty and filial piety-oriented, based on China's classics, history and literature, to purify students' thoughts and minds, and then learn western learning, exercise their artistic ability, and become talents in the future, so as to be practical".

2. It also stipulates the nature, tasks, admission conditions, study years, mutual relations and relationships of schools at all levels.

Fourth, the main series of academic systems

1. The main series of academic system is divided into three sections and seven grades, with a total of 25-26 years. The first stage is primary education, including four years of foster family education, five years of primary education and four years of higher primary education.

2. Kindergarten is an early childhood education institution. Recruiting children aged 3-7 into the school system marks that China's preschool education has entered a new stage of national planning and development.

3. The primary school hall is planned as a five-year compulsory education stage, which belongs to the nature of universal education. Its purpose is to "inspire their knowledge in life, establish the foundation of their ethical love for the country, and care for children's bodies so that they can develop."