When does puberty begin? Different genders and different people enter puberty at different ages. The average age is: female students: 1 1 ~ 12 to 17 ~ 18 years old; Male students: 13 ~ 14 to 18 ~ 20. Girls enter school two years earlier than boys. But girls are 8 ~ 13 years old, and boys may enter puberty at any time between 10 ~ 18 years old. Because of the climate,
Adolescence lasts for several years. During this period, there will be various changes including thoughts, feelings (psychology) and bodies (physiology). We pay attention to the physiological changes in adolescence.
Puberty is divided into three stages: 1. Early stage: during the period of sudden growth, the secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop;
2. Metaphase: characterized by the rapid development of secondary sexual characteristics, mostly menarche;
3. Late stage: gonadal development is basically mature, secondary sexual characteristics are completed, epiphysis tends to be completely healed, and physical development gradually stops.
The main manifestations of adolescent self-development are: 1. Sudden growth (early girl, late boy);
2. The emergence of secondary sexual characteristics;
3. Sexual function gradually matures.
Primary sexual characteristics: refers to the difference between male and female genitals (the difference of vulvar urine).
Secondary sexual characteristics: refers to the unique signs of men and women except genitals.
Female: The color tone is thin and high, the breasts are enlarged, the pelvis is wider, and the subcutaneous fat of the chest, shoulders and buttocks is fuller, which constitutes the unique body surface appearance of women (including armpit hair and pubic hair, etc.). );
Male: long beard, prominent Adam's apple, low tone, muscular, and more body hair, armpit hair and pubic hair (body hair around genitals).
In short, in adolescence, our body shape has also changed a lot. As we grow taller and gain weight, our breasts begin to swell and bulge on the chest. Our hips are wider, our bodies are fuller and more curvy. Our genitals and armpits began to grow small hairs. The skin began to produce new oils, which changed our body odor. When our body changes in vitro, other changes will also take place in our body.
Youth occurs slowly and gradually, and lasts for several years. Before and during this period, there must be many questions and problems, such as the early and late adolescence, breast development, menarche and menstrual physiological health care. I will explain the knowledge of adolescent physical health care to you as a health care doctor and friend, and please ask students to ask all kinds of questions boldly at any time, and I will try my best to answer them.
Today, I mainly talk about breast, vulva hygiene and leucorrhea.
Female reproductive organs are mainly uterus, ovary and fallopian tube.
10 years old, the girl's ovary began to develop gradually, and the estrogen secreted by the ovary gradually increased. 1 1 ~ 12 years old body begins to develop: ① breast begins to develop; ② Under the action of ovarian hormones, the endometrium falls off periodically, resulting in uterine bleeding, that is, menstruation.
I breast development and health care:
1. Breast development: Each breast has nipple and areola. The nipple is located in the center of the breast and the center of the bulge. The skin around the nipple forms areola, which is slightly darker (dark brown) than the skin color. In childhood, only the nipple grows, and other parts of the breast are flat and smooth. During adolescence, the breasts begin to develop and bulge, and more and more places protrude from the chest.
Girls 10 years old, breasts begin to develop. Under the nipple, a small flat button-shaped breast bud begins to form. There is fat, milk and tissue in it. From the breast bud, the nipple grows, protrudes in the chest, and the areola also widens and increases. With the progress of puberty, the breasts gradually grow and increase, after 4 ~ 5 years (65438+).
2. Concerns about breast development:
Breast lump. It appears in the bud stage when the breast begins to develop, showing a button knot under the breast. Some girls wonder if they have a tumor, but it is a normal phenomenon of breast development, so don't worry.
The feeling of itching and pain. There will be itching and pain in the early stage of development, especially when it is rubbed or touched by underwear. These are not signs of illness, they are completely normal development, and all these discomforts will gradually disappear.
The size or speed of breast development is inconsistent. Generally, breast enhancement is symmetrical. A few people may start from one side first, and the other side will develop after a few months, indicating that a person's two breasts are not as big as usual. Don't worry, when they develop to a certain period, both breasts will generally be the same. Only a few people have different sizes on both sides.
Nipple collapse means that one or two nipples grow inward and are trapped in the areola instead of protruding outward. This phenomenon is natural, but it is more obvious in adolescence. In adolescence, some can grow and some can't.
Many women with collapsed nipples can breastfeed their children, but sometimes they need simple surgery.
Collapsed nipples are prone to infection, so special attention should be paid to keeping them clean.
3. Choose a bra: When girls reach the age of 15, they should choose a suitable bra to wear after breast development is basically finalized.
There is no uniform answer to the question when girls start wearing bras. You need to decide for yourself.
Many girls may be embarrassed to ask their parents to buy bras, which is normal. They should (1) speak out their demands boldly, maybe their parents are waiting for you to speak, or (2) write a note to explain. You can say: a) Do you think it's okay if I wear a bra? B) When do you think it's appropriate for me to wear a bra? C) How old did you start wearing bras?
Advantages of wearing a bra: ① It can support breasts and keep blood circulation smooth; ② It can also prevent the discomfort of post-activity shock; ③ Prevention of trauma; ④ Cold-proof and warm-keeping effect.
Suitable bra: ① When you insert two fingers from the back chest strap, the bra strap can't hold up and keep level;
Put your hands on your head and see if the bra will move. If it moves up, it means it is not suitable.
If your breasts are exposed from the side or upper part, you can wear a bra with a larger cup size. If the cup is not propped up, wrinkled or pleated, it means that the bra is too big. Choose a bra with a smaller cup or other styles.
④ The bra strap should be adjustable so that it can be consistent with each breast;
It's best to try on the bra yourself, so it's appropriate.
4. You can't gird your abdomen during breast development:
Harm of corset: ① Obstruct the normal development of breast and affect the later breastfeeding; (2) affecting cardiopulmonary function; ③ Visceral development will also be affected.
5. Breast hygiene: Girls should pay attention to carefully cleaning nipples, especially the sunken parts of nipples, to avoid hiding dirt in nipples, which will cause inflammation if not cleaned in time.
Vaginal hygiene: also known as "lower body"
As the breast develops, pubic hair begins to appear. At first it was small, thin and yellow, and later it became more, thick and black. Increased vaginal discharge (ie leucorrhea). Girls should clean their vulva every day and change their underwear (shorts) every day. The vulva must be cleaned with clean water. If it is not cleaned in time, it will not only cause inflammation of vulva, but also cause inflammation of internal organs (vagina and uterus).
Axillary hair and body hair:
At any time in adolescence, armpit hair and body hair (arms, legs, upper lip and face, etc. ) may start to grow. With development, hair color will deepen and the number of hair will increase.
* Breast development is often regarded as a signal for women to enter puberty. Pubic hair appears between six months and 1 year after breast development, and axillary hair appears after half a year to one year. Breast development is often synchronized with sudden growth, or it may be earlier or later.
Vaginal discharge (leucorrhea)
You can't see the rapid growth of organs in the body, but you will notice a watery discharge from the vagina, which is called vaginal discharge and usually appears about one year before a girl's first menstruation.
Vaginal secretions may be colorless or white. After it solidifies on underwear, it may appear pale yellow. This is normal and another sign of your maturity.
Vaginal secretion is a way to keep the vagina clean and healthy in the body. Superficial cells often fall off the vaginal wall. During adolescence, vaginal cells shed faster, and there is still a small amount of liquid in the body to wash away these cells. Vaginal secretions are a mixture of dead cells and liquid that washes these cells.
In a certain period of time, your leucorrhea may increase, and its color and composition will also change. Usually, vaginal discharge is colorless and smooth, but sometimes it may be white, milky or sticky, and these changes are normal.
Bacterial infection can cause abnormal vaginal discharge. These problems are rare when girls begin puberty. But if your leucorrhea is green or yellow, has an unpleasant smell, accompanied by itching or redness, or has a large flow, you'd better see a doctor.