The two river basins are the earliest places where human civilization was formed. It is speculated that Sumerians living here had a relatively developed culture around 4000 BC. Slavery countries appeared in the third Millennium BC. Assyria and Babylon are ancient slave countries. At the end of 18 BC, the sixth king of Babylon, Hammurabi (about 1792 ~ BC 1750), unified the two river basins and established a powerful centralized slavery country. At that time, agricultural production was further developed, commerce and trade were developed, and the level of culture and education was among the highest in the world.
As early as the Sumerian era, there were cuneiform characters in the two river basins. The reason why it is called cuneiform writing is that it uses a triangular-pointed awn reed pole (or a wooden stick or a bone stick) as a pen, engraves the writing on a semi-dry clay tablet, and naturally forms a cuneiform after writing. This kind of writing has experienced graphic writing, ideographic writing and phonography in its development. The development of mathematics has adopted decimal and hexadecimal counting methods, and four operations have been known, which can find square roots and cubic roots and solve three unknown equations. In astronomy, it has been possible to predict solar and lunar eclipses and distinguish the five planets and stars. In addition, great achievements have been made in architecture and sculpture, physics, chemistry and medicine, which laid the foundation for the development of education in the two river basins.
It is speculated that Assyria and Babylon have three types of schools, namely, courts, temples and private teachers' laws. In the early days of school teaching, we mainly studied writing and copying, as well as computing. The second stage is to assign students to corresponding temples or government agencies according to their aspirations and interests, and receive higher-level directional professional training according to their duties.
Schools in the two river basins have existed for a long time. In 1930s, French archaeologists excavated a school in Mali, which was estimated to have been built around 265,438+000 BC. There are stone benches in large and small houses, and a large number of clay tablets have been unearthed, which proves that this is a school. It is also speculated that this school was around 3500 BC, 1000 years earlier than the schools in ancient Egypt.
According to the excavated data, the education mode of Assyrian and Babylonian schools shows that corporal punishment is very serious. It is common for teachers to hit students with sticks. Students are beaten for being late, making mistakes in homework, speaking without authorization, doodling, and even getting dirty hands.