Noun explanation: schools that have passed the exam:
Theory of Good Nature (12 Fushi Normal University? 12 Inner Mongolia Normal University? 19 Shen Normal University? Liaocheng University)
Ming Renlun (2 1 Fuyang Teachers College)
Short answer/question:
Briefly/discuss Mencius' educational thought/Mencius' moral principle/Mencius' theory of "goodness of nature" and its educational function/Mencius' teaching principles and methods. (10 Yangzhou university? 12/ 14 bohai university? 13 Liaocheng University? 15 Beijing normal university? 15 Shanxi Normal University? 16 Hunan Normal University? 16 Inner Mongolia Normal University? 17 Liaocheng University? 17 Central South University? 18 Zhejiang Normal University? 19 East China Normal University? 19 Jiangxi Normal University 20 Northwest Normal University 2 1 Henan Normal University)
Importance of knowledge points: ★★★☆☆
Location of knowledge points: Section 3, Chapter 3 of China Education History.
Q: Discuss Mencius' educational thoughts.
Answer:
Meng Si school
After Kong Qiu's death, Confucianism was divided into eight schools, the most influential of which were Mencius Confucianism represented by Monk and Sun Shi Confucianism represented by Xun Kuang. Some scholars have verified that Zi Si Confucianism, Meng Shi Confucianism and Shi Shi Confucianism are actually a school, that is, a school. This private school has made great achievements in educational theory and practice, and some famous pre-Qin educational works such as Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean and Xue Ji are all related to it.
(B) "Goodness" and the role of education
1. Theory of Good Nature (noun explanation)
Mencius believes that human nature is good, with "goodness" and "conscience", and you can learn without worrying. The difference between a gentleman and Shu Ren is to preserve or lose this "goodness". The four virtues of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom stem from innate compassion, shame, resignation and right and wrong. However, due to the acquired contact environment,
2. The role of education
The whole function of education is to expand people's inherent goodness and then govern the country. Mencius discussed the role of education from the perspective of society and individuals;
(1) The role of education on individuals:
One is "seeking peace of mind", that is, restoring the lost beauty. Due to the influence of the external environment, people's "goodness" is destroyed and their hearts are "submerged", so they will become villains and villains; The second is to maintain and carry forward the existing goodness and expand it. Only these "happy endings" are not enough. We must expand them, make them perfect and become saints.
(2) the role of education in society:
Expand human nature through education, and then realize national prosperity and national security. Mencius inherited and developed Confucius' thoughts of "benevolence" and "rule by virtue" and put forward the theory of "benevolent government" centered on "people-oriented" thought. Emphasize that education is the most effective means of "benevolent governance" and "winning people's hearts".
(C) "Ren Ming Lun" and the purpose of education (noun explanation/short answer)
Mencius believes that the purpose of running education is to "understand human relations", which also shows that education serves politics by realizing "understanding human relations".
1. The content of "interpersonal relationship"
It is "human nature" and the essential expression of human beings. Specifically, it is five pairs of relationships: "father and son are related, the monarch and the minister are righteous, the husband and wife are different, the old and the young are orderly, and friends are trustworthy." Mencius also attached great importance to filial piety, taking filial piety as the center, and established a moral standard system-"five permanents", namely "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith".
? 2. The value of Ren Ming Lun
"Five ethics" embodies the patriarchal clan system in ancient China, and maintains the generally accepted social order and moral concept of pecking at lower levels. Mencius wanted to establish the realization of national unity politics on the basis of the blood clan system with filial piety as the link. Education with ethics as the basic educational content and filial piety as the ethical basis is an important feature of education in China's whole feudal society.
(D) Personality ideal and self-cultivation theory
Mencius put forward the ideal personality of "gentleman", which enriched the spiritual world of China people.
1. Content: Ideal personality of "gentleman" (noun explanation)
Monk described the ideal personality of a "gentleman": "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent." Morality and spiritual realm are people's most precious spiritual wealth, far higher than material wealth.
(2) "gentleman" has noble integrity, never bow to power, never obey without principle.
3 "Gentleman" has a lofty spiritual realm, namely "noble spirit". The "noble spirit" can be understood as a psychological state or spiritual realm mixed with emotion and will under the guidance of faith. It is highly conscious and has great spiritual strength.
Original shorthand password of 333 gas station: Husband wants to go high (3)
Formula association: My husband is short and wants to grow taller!
2. Ways to cultivate the ideal personality of "gentleman"
(1) Keep your ambition and nourish your spirit.
"To be ambitious" means to persist in lofty aspirations. If a person has ambition and pursuit, he will have corresponding "qi"-mental state.
② Endurance
It refers to the exercise of will, especially in adversity.
③ Intentional cultivation
Everyone has the goodness of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. To form true goodness and goodness, we must rely on preservation and expansion. The obstacles to survival come from people's eyes and ears, and to expand the good side, we must have less desires and play a rational role.
(4) Ask yourself and answer.
When your behavior doesn't get the response from the other party, you should first ask yourself questions, find reasons from yourself and put forward higher requirements for yourself. Be strict with yourself in everything and always reflect.
(e) The teaching philosophy of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, pursuing advanced studies, striving and dedication (noun explanation/short answer)
? Mencius' enlightenment is the basis of accepting knowledge, especially attaching importance to rational thinking and internal identification. His teaching ideas are mainly summarized as follows:
1. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude (new syllabus)
Mencius placed great emphasis on adopting different teaching methods for students in different situations. He said: "The reason why a gentleman is a teacher is five:? Just like rainy days, people with virtue, people with wealth (material), people who ask questions and people who are private. " For students, some should enlighten them in time, some should achieve their virtues, some should develop their talents, some can solve their problems, and those who fail can be taught indirectly. He also said: "? Those who disdain teaching are just teaching. " Refusing to teach is enough to be a warning strategy for people, and in fact it has become a kind of teaching, so it is said that "teaching is also more skillful." There are many teaching methods, so we should adopt different methods according to students' characteristics and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. It is necessary to have a deep understanding of students and teach them according to their different development levels and hobbies.
2. Satisfied with further study
Monk pointed out that in-depth study and research, we must have our own gains and opinions, so as to form solid and profound wisdom, emphasize the subjective initiative of learning, and advocate independent thinking and independent thinking. Since the truth of everything is in the heart, only by seeking self-satisfaction can we gain something from the heart and reach the point of using it freely. "complacency is safe; In times of peace, there is deep capital; Senior is about, and gentlemen want to be complacent. "
3. March forward with Pacific Century
Emphasize that the learning and teaching process should be gradual. Teaching is a natural and orderly process, and people should pay attention to and promote the realization of the teaching process, but they must never use the method of "seedling" to help, otherwise it will be "useless and harmful."
? Concentrate
Mencius believes that learning must be absorbed, not half-hearted. People's learning differences depend on whether they are absorbed in the learning process, not talent.
# Content from -333 Notes on Shorthand Formula of Sunflower Collection #