Knowledge points of ideological and political education: concepts
1. political work: activities carried out by certain classes, political parties and groups to realize their own programs and fundamental tasks, such as class struggle, political power building, party's ideological and organizational construction, etc.
2. Ideological work: activities carried out by a certain class or group to help people establish ideas that meet the requirements of social development and change ideas that deviate from the requirements of social development, with the aim of making people's ideas more in line with objective reality and better transforming the objective world.
3. Ideological and political work: it is not the whole of political work, but mainly refers to the ideological activities in political work, that is, the ideological part of political work, or ideological and political work. It is not the whole of ideological work, but the political part of ideological work, or political and ideological work. What's more, it is not the simple addition of political work and ideological work, but the superposition and integration of ideological part in political work and political part in ideological work.
4. Ideological and political education: social or social groups exert influence on people in an organized and planned way to form social practice activities of ideological and political morality that meet certain social requirements. Generally speaking, it refers to the activities shared by all classes in human society to cultivate people's ideology and morality, especially the activities of the proletariat to cultivate people's ideology and morality.
5. Moral education: Ideological and political education for students in schools is an integral part of school education. The term "moral education" is inaccurate and unscientific.
6. Ideological and political education: the science that studies the formation and development of people's ideological and political morality and the law of ideological and political education for people.
(2) Ideological and political education and ideological and political education
As a practical activity, ideological and political education aims to help people form ideological and political morality that meets social requirements, mainly to help people solve the problems of "what to do" and "how to do it". As a theoretical form, ideological and political education aims to scientifically understand and analyze various phenomena in the field of ideological and political education, reveal the laws of ideological and political education, and mainly solve the problems of "what" and "why" of ideological and political education. Ideological and political education is the premise and foundation of ideological and political education and the theoretical summary of ideological and political education. Ideological and political education is a science developed from the practice of ideological and political education, which takes ideological and political education as the research object and is also used to guide the practice of ideological and political education.
(C) the particularity of the research object of ideological and political education
Mao Zedong said: The distinction of scientific research is based on the special contradiction of scientific objects. Therefore, the study of a specific contradiction in a certain phenomenon field constitutes the research object of a certain science.
1, a special field of ideological and political education research
Fundamentally speaking, the study of ideological and political education is to study how to be a man, so we should study people, but we can't come to the conclusion that the research object of ideological and political education is people. The purpose of its special field is to carry out targeted ideological and political education.
2. The special contradiction in the research field of ideological and political education: the contradiction between the requirements of certain social development and people's actual ideological, political and moral level. Because of this contradiction: First, it is the inherent foundation of ideological and political education. Second, it runs through the whole process of ideological and political education and promotes the development of ideological and political education. Third, restrict other contradictions in the ideological and political field.
3. Determination of the research object of ideological and political education.
Study two laws: the law of the formation and development of people's ideological and political morality; The law of human ideological and political education.
(D) the theoretical composition of ideological and political education
Ideological and political education is the product of theoretical synthesis of related disciplines under the guidance of Marxism.
1, based on Marxism
Adhere to the scientific system of Marxism: Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy and scientific socialism.
Persist in developing Marxism: Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents.
2. Theoretical synthesis of related disciplines.
(1) Ideological and Political Education and Pedagogy
Pedagogy is a science that studies educational phenomena and reveals educational laws. Ideological and political education is an important part of generalized educational activities. The consistency theory of educational influence advocated by pedagogy and the general teaching methods provided can also be directly applied to the practice of ideological and political education.
(2) Ideological and political education and psychology
The history of psychology is a science that studies the laws of people's psychological activities, and the relevant theories, knowledge and methods it provides also have direct reference significance for ideological and political education. Psychological education and guidance itself is the proper meaning of ideological and political education.
(3) Ethics
Ethics is a science that studies moral phenomena and reveals the essence and development law of morality. Moral education is an important part of ideological and political education. Moral education must be comprehensive education, and the principle of comprehensive education is the methodological principle emphasized by ideological and political education.
(4) sociology
Sociology starts from the whole changing social system. The science of studying the structure, function, occurrence and development of society through people's social relations and social behaviors. Sociological research on individual, socialization, social communication and its methods provides a broad vision for the study of ideological and political education. Social investigation and statistical analysis methods advocated by sociology are often used in ideological and political education.
(E) the disciplinary characteristics of ideological and political education
1, the unity of party spirit and science
The principle of party spirit is determined by the nature of ideological and political education. Ideological and political education openly declares its proletarian party spirit principle, and the ideological and political education we construct is Marxist ideological and political education. Marxism is a science, and ideological and political education guided by Marxism must be scientific. The unity of Party spirit and scientificity is a remarkable feature and an important principle of ideological and political education.
2. Unity of theory and practice.
As a science, ideological and political education has its own strict theoretical system. This theory is based on practicality, not pure theoretical speculation far from real life. Ideological and political education originates from practice and is higher than practice, which is the summary and generalization of practical experience of ideological and political education.
3. Unity of comprehensiveness and applicability
Ideological and political education is a comprehensive applied science, which is reflected in the comprehensiveness of theoretical system and research methods. As an applied science, ideological and political education is more practical and applied than other social sciences.
4. Unity of group education research and individual education research.
Ideological and political education studies not only the ideological and political education of groups, but also the ideological and political education of individuals, which is the unity of group education research and individual education research. In the practice of ideological and political education, group education and individual education are interrelated, mutually restricted and complementary, and their organic unity constitutes a systematic project of soul shaping.
(VI) The development trend of ideological and political education
The general trend of ideological and political education in the future;
1, the theoretical system is maturing. With the deepening of ideological and political education practice and theoretical research, ideological and political education will develop by leaps and bounds, and then build a mature and scientific theoretical system of ideological and political education.
2. Research activities are in full swing. With the improvement of the specialization of the research team and the continuous expansion of the practical research team, ideological and political education is bound to be scientific and modern.
3. The research method is stereoscopic and multidimensional. Although the single-plane research is very important, the adoption of more advanced research means and methods has expanded the research of ideological and political education to depth and breadth.
4. Applied research is increasingly strengthened. In particular, the study of new channels, new carriers and new methods of ideological and political education will be mentioned in a particularly important position in the study of ideological and political education.
5. Theoretical research is further systematized. While studying ideological and political education as a systematic project, it is divided into several subsystems for classified research.
6, began to form a discipline group.
Knowledge points of ideological and political education: construction process
I. Preliminary exploration period (1978- 1984)
1,1980 From May 27th to June 6th, the former First Ministry of Machinery Industry and the National Machinery Trade Union jointly held a symposium on ideological and political work, proposing that "ideological and political work should become a science". On August 1 1, Guangming Daily held a special discussion on the topic of "Scientific Ideological and Political Work".
2. 1982, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China and the Ministry of Education jointly held a symposium on political theory education, and agreed that ideological and political work is a science.
Second, the system construction period (1984- 1999)
In July 1, 1, 983, 1 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the notice of "outline of political work for employees of state-owned enterprises (for trial implementation)" clearly stated: "The central and local governments should set up political colleges and universities with the goal of cultivating leading cadres in ideological and political work. Existing national comprehensive universities, liberal arts colleges and universities affiliated to ministries and commissions, and the General Administration have the conditions to set up advanced classes for political work majors or political work cadres. "
2. 1984, the Ministry of Education held a demonstration meeting on disciplines and specialties, determined the name of the discipline as "Ideological and Political Education" and the name of the specialty as "Ideological and Political Education Specialty", preliminarily drafted the professional curriculum, and issued three documents in succession, and decided to recruit junior college students, undergraduates and second bachelor degree students from 1984.
1984 After the summer vacation, the first batch of freshmen with undergraduate and second bachelor's degrees in ideological and political education entered the national 13 universities.
The establishment and inclusion of the major of ideological and political education in the subject catalogue marks that the discipline of ideological and political education has entered the stage of systematic construction and standardized development.
3.1On May 29th, 986, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Decision on Improving and Strengthening the Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities, which clearly stated: "The relevant colleges and universities should conscientiously run the ideological and political education major, run the second bachelor's degree well, create conditions to train master's and doctoral students in this major, and open up a new way for training professionals engaged in ideological and political education".
4. 1987 In September, the State Education Commission issued the "Implementation Opinions on Training Postgraduates Majoring in Ideological and Political Education", and decided to start training postgraduates majoring in ideological and political education from 1988.
In May and September, 1988, 10, the first batch of postgraduate students in ideological and political education were enrolled in universities across the country. 6. 1990 Some colleges and universities awarded master's degrees in ideological and political education.
7.1In June 1997, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the State Education Commission promulgated the Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Granting Doctoral and Master's Degrees and Training Postgraduates, which integrated the original two majors of "Marxist Theory Education" and "Ideological and Political Education", established the major of "Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education" under the first-level disciplines of law and political science, and began to recruit doctoral students.
Third, the period of comprehensive construction (1999 to present)
1, 1999 and in 2004, the central government successively issued "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Education for College Students" and "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Prospering and Developing Philosophy and Social Sciences", which clearly put forward the task of strengthening ideological and political education and discipline construction for college students.
2. In 2005, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China and the Ministry of Education issued "Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Colleges and Universities", clearly proposing to establish a first-class discipline of Marxism.
3. In February 2005, No.65438 the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Adjusting and Adding the First-level Discipline of Marxist Theory and its Affiliated two disciplines, which identified ideological and political education as one of the five second-level colleges under the First-level Discipline of Marxist Theory, fundamentally solved the positioning problem of ideological and political education, and marked that the discipline construction of ideological and political education entered a new stage.
Knowledge points of ideological and political education: purpose and task
First, the fundamental purpose of ideological and political education:
Improve people's ideological and moral quality, promote people's free and all-round development, and inspire people to struggle for building Socialism with Chinese characteristics and finally realizing communism.
Second, the main basis for establishing the purpose of ideological and political education:
1, the objective requirement of social development. Ideological and political education should serve the development and progress of society, and its purpose must reflect the objective requirements of social development. Because China's goal reflects the objective requirements of social development, the purpose of ideological and political education should be determined according to the objective requirements of social development.
2. The needs and ideological reality of the spiritual world development of the educational object. Ideological and political education is the cause of cultivating people, and all its activities directly affect people. Therefore, the needs of the inner spiritual world development of the educational object and its ideological and moral status quo are also an important basis for determining the purpose of ideological and political education. In the socialist society, the educational object will have rich spiritual needs in the process of growing up. To do a good job in people's work and determine the purpose of ideological and political education, we must consider the multi-level and multi-angle spiritual needs of the educational objects. In real life, educational objects are divided into different types and levels. This should fully consider the close relationship between the educational purpose and the actual ideological situation of the educated.
Third, the function of the purpose of ideological and political education:
1 points out the direction for ideological and political education activities.
2. It provides impetus for carrying out ideological and political activities.
3. It provides a basis for measuring the effectiveness of ideological and political education activities.
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