Nietzsche's thought reflected the demands and wishes of the monopoly bourgeoisie that was forming at that time. He condemned the liberal bourgeoisie, calling them mediocre people who stick to the rules and drag out an ignoble existence. He believes that it is necessary to deny the decline of western civilization influenced by rationalism, Christianity and humanitarianism, and advocate subjective fighting spirit and positive attitude towards life. He emphasized that evolution is a process in which strength will realize itself, and the purpose of life is to exert strength and expand itself. Advocating superman's philosophy, he thinks that superman is the creator of history, and he has the right to enslave the public, while ordinary people are just tools for Superman to realize his will to power. He opposed democracy, socialism and women's liberation movement, and even condemned it as a crime for doctors to save patients. It is argued that art is the expression of the will to power, and artists are highly self-expanding and self-expressing.
But Nietzsche did put forward new ideas. When Freud was brewing his psychoanalysis, he was surprised to find that Nietzsche had expressed his basic ideas. Jaspers, Heidegger and all existentialists regard Nietzsche as the person who opened the way for them. Many western writers are also deeply influenced by it. Nietzsche's theory indicates that western society has entered an era of fundamental changes in values. Therefore, it can be said that without understanding Nietzsche, it is impossible to understand our western philosophical thought, literary thought and social thought in this century.
1844 65438+1October 15 was born in Lutzen, Saxony, Prussia. For generations, they were Lutheran priests.
1849 On July 30th, my 5-year-old father died of encephalomalacia.
1850, when he was 6 years old, his family moved to Naumburg-on-Tyre.
1858 14 years old 10 months, studying at the puerta institute of higher education in the suburb of Nanpu.
1864 At the age of 20, 10 entered Bonn University to study theology and classical philology.
1865 2 1 year 10 months, transferred to Leipzig university. I read Schopenhauer's book The World of Will and Appearance for the first time.
At the age of 22, 1866 began to associate with Irving Rhodes, a servant of Richmond.
1867 When he was 23 years old, 10, he was recruited to the Nanmburg Artillery Wing. Fell off his horse and seriously injured his sternum.
1868 April 24 years old, discharged due to injury. 165438+1October 8th, the first time I met Gner.
1869 In February, at the age of 25, he was hired by university of basel as an additional professor of classical philology. In April, he lost his Prussian citizenship and became a Swiss. /kloc-In May of 0/7, I visited Wagner's home in Tolipson, Lucerne for the first time. On May 28th, he delivered an inaugural speech entitled Homer and Classical Literature in university of basel. Buckhart (Jacob Buckhart).
1870 26 years old, promoted to full professor in March. In August, the Franco-Prussian War broke out, and he volunteered to join the army as a health soldier. Suffering from dysentery and diphtheria. /kloc-retired in June of 0/0 and returned to university of basel. Began to associate with the theologian Franz Waback.
187 1 27 years old, he wrote the birth of tragedy.
1872 28 years old 1 month, published the birth of tragedy. From February to March, he gave a speech in university of basel and published the Prospect of German Educational Facilities (first published as a legacy). In April, the Wagner family moved out of Tolstoy's den. In May, I met Wagner again at the groundbreaking ceremony of Beirut Festival Theatre.
1873, aged 29, published the first article "Deep Thinking on Seasons". Part of the text was published in Philosophy in the Age of Greek Tragedy (published as a manuscript for the first time after death).
30 years old, 1873, published the second and third articles of Deep Thinking of Seasons. When I first read the novel Red and Black by French writer Stendhal, I was shocked.
1875 3 1 year 10 months, I first met a musician, ReterGast (real name HeinrichKoselitz).
In July, at the age of 32, 1876, I published the fourth article, Deep Thinking about Seasons. In August, Beirut Theatre staged its first commemorative drama. In September, I met the psychologist RaulRee, and my condition deteriorated. Due to illness, university of basel asked for leave to give a lecture. In winter, I work in Sotlin with Paul Lee and Mei Sen Berg. 65438+1October165438+1October made the last interview with Wagner in Sotelin. Wrote the original memorandum of human nature, too human.
1877, aged 33, returned to Basel in September and resumed teaching at the university.
1877 The friendship with Wagner ended at the age of 34. On October 3rd, 65438/kloc-0, Wagner presented rare. In May, the first article of Human Nature, Too Human Nature was published; In my last letter to Wagner, I attached a book entitled "Human Nature, Too Human Nature".
1879 35 years old seriously ill. Resign from the chair of university of basel. The second part of "Human Nature, Too Human Nature" was published in the first half.
1880, aged 36, published The Wanderer and His Shadow, which was later published as The Second Half of Human Nature. In spring, I first arrived in Geneva and spent the winter in Geneva in June, 5438+00.
188 1 37 years old 1 Completed Dawn, published in June, spent the summer in Sears Maria in July, and came up with the idea of "eternal stream" in August. 165438+1On October 27th, I first heard Bizet's Carmen in Geneva.
188 1-1882 He wrote The Science of Happiness at the age of 37-38, which was published in the same year.
1882-1888 38-44 years old trying to change the value of everything.
1882 38 years old in March, traveling to Sicily. In April, she began to associate with Luo Luo Le. In May, Diefroliche Wissenschaft was published. 1 1 months later, I will spend the winter in Laboro.
1In February of 883, Wagner, aged 39, died of illness. He wrote his first book, Zarathustra, which was published in June. In July, he wrote the second part of Zarathustra. 65438+ February, winter in Nice.
1884, 40 years old, 1 month, in Venice, he wrote the third part of Zarathustra. August Stein visited Nietzsche. Since June 1 1, I have been writing the fourth part of Zarathustra (published privately in June 1885) and read Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment, which was deeply moved.
1885 4 1 year old wrote the transcendence of good and evil.
1886 42 years old, I saw Owen Rhodes for the last time in Leipzig in May and June. In July, Transcendence of Good and Evil was published.
1In July, 886, at the age of 43, he completed the Moral Genealogy, which was published privately in 1654381October. 165438+1October 1 1, the last letter to Owen Rhodes.
1888, 44 years old, 1 month, I didn't know Kierkegaard until the introduction of Danish literary historian Brands. I went to Turin for the first time in April. Brandes gave a lecture on German philosopher Friedrich Li Xi Nietzsche at the University of Copenhagen. From May to 8, he wrote Wagner Incident, which was published in September and Ode to Dionysus. From August to September, I wrote Twilight of Idol (published by 1889). I finished writing anti-Christ in September.1October 65438-1 1 I wrote it! This man wrote Nietzsche to Wagner in June and February, 5438, and published it in the complete works after his death.
1889, 45 years old, 65438+1early October, suffered a final blow in Turin and suffered a serious stroke. Schizophrenia attack, was sent to the psychiatric department of Jena University Hospital, and my mother came to take care of it.
1897 at the age of 53, my mother died of illness. I moved to Weimar with my sister and was taken care of by my sister day and night.
1900 56 years old, breathed his last breath in Weimar on August 25th, and was buried in his hometown of Loken on August 28th. Plato, Aristotle, Wibinoza, Kant, Schopenhauer and Hegel after his death are listed as immortal thinkers in the history of world philosophy.