Unlike adults who create spiritual and material wealth through labor, children's labor education should pay more attention to the germination and all-round development of labor process, labor feelings and attitudes.
Then, how to stimulate children's interest in participating in labor, cultivate good labor attitudes and habits, and experience the sense of self-efficacy generated by labor? We have integrated labor education into our daily life and made some superficial attempts.
Labor education echoes the development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
Children's learning and development are holistic and comprehensive, and labor education cannot be separated from the development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
Morality-forming good quality in the work of serving the collective.
In the game activities, children cooperate with each other. In the life activities of sorting out toy materials, they are responsible for taking care of animals and plants, cleaning and making beds. Every child has the opportunity to take part in class labor.
In this process, their collective consciousness gradually germinated, their self-reliance ability constantly improved, and they formed a good moral character of self-reliance, friendship and mutual assistance.
Wisdom-developing thinking ability in challenging labor.
Labor not only involves action, but also challenges thinking.
The order and skills of work are learned and cultivated in specific activities.
For example, when cleaning up the building blocks in the outdoor building area, I saw many building blocks in the children's car during the competition, which led to thinking about how to make rational use of the space inside the car and arrange the building blocks skillfully, which greatly challenged the children's thinking ability.
Physical fitness-improve physical fitness in moderate-intensity labor.
Different intensity of labor promotes the development of children's motor coordination ability and large and small muscles.
If peeling edamame and cutting fruit are fine movements, then moving outdoor wooden ladders and shovels to grow vegetables is a great muscle exercise.
The time to complete a job is often a few minutes to dozens of minutes. In this process, children's physical strength will be developed, and their endurance and willpower will be improved.
Beauty-feel the beauty of different meanings in different types of labor.
Different flowers, fruits, vegetables and plants all have unique growth patterns, and different life forms bloom in different seasons.
In the cultivation activities, children experience not only simple labor, but also the magic and brilliance of life and the beauty of nature in the change of seasons.
And when packing things, children can feel the beauty of cleanliness and order.
The content of reeducation through labor comes from children's real life.
The reeducation through labor in our park follows three principles. From life, through life and back to life. In other words, the content of reeducation through labor comes from children's real life and serves children's life through specific life activities, aiming at improving children's living ability.
As far as the object is concerned, it can be divided into self-service and service to others.
Workplaces can be divided into in-class labor, special field labor and outdoor labor.
The content can be divided into self-care activities, duty activities, cultivation and breeding activities and public management activities.
The first is an independent diet.
Our garden will have dinner at two o'clock, giving the children a chance to serve themselves.
When taking snacks, children of different ages will take snacks according to different levels of signs.
At lunch time, the students on duty undertake the sorting work before and after meals. The children in the middle class eat by themselves and the children in the small class eat by themselves.
Middle-aged and elderly children make snacks in the restaurant every two weeks. Restaurants usually have 10 snacks and restrained foods that increase with the seasons. The snacks eaten in the class that day were all made by the whole class.
The second is to take turns on duty.
Children take turns to be on duty. Generally, four people are responsible for weather reporting, attendance, food delivery service and flower care every day.
There is a Japanese straight board for middle and large classes, where students record their work, share their time collectively every day, and introduce the situation of duty to the whole class.
The third is the toy hospital.
Like outdoor carts, toys that are often used will be damaged. Sometimes the screw will fall off, and sometimes the bell will break.
The broken toys are sent to the toy hospital, the "medical record" is filled out, the broken parts are colored, and grandpa carpenter is invited to the park every month to lead the children to repair the toys.
If it can't be repaired, it will be sent to the science area for children to play with.
The restoration of toys not only cultivates children's practical ability, but also cultivates the virtue of diligence and promotes the establishment of a sense of responsibility.
The fourth is woodworking activities.
In the carpentry room, children can choose their own materials and make their own pens, photo frames, yard pillars and sculpture groups.
When I am in trouble, the full-time woodworking teacher will always help me.
Last autumn, in order to solve the problem of duck vendors in the breeding garden, the children built a canopy in the yard of the duck shed.
In summer, they set up a rabbit awning with old bamboo mats and wooden sticks.
The fifth is cultivation activities.
Throughout the year, farming activities are carried out in a timely manner.
There are happy farms, class gardens, ecological orchards and many other places in the planting area alone.
In spring and summer, children sow, water and weed in Kaixin Farm, and put bamboo stands on vines.
Autumn and winter came, and they covered the vegetable seedlings with straw and film, waiting for the new students in the coming year.
Sixth, animal breeding.
Small animals raised in the ecological park are taken care of by turns at all levels, and there is a responsibility class every week.
Children often raise small animals in order to better understand their habits and establish close feelings with them.
Reeducation through labor emphasizes playfulness and strives for parents' support.
In the process of exploring the integration of reeducation through labor into daily life, we also encountered some problems. Through continuous reflection and practice, we gradually found a solution.
Question 1: equate reeducation through labor with reeducation through labor.
Labor exercises people's character, largely because it is day after day, even boring.
However, for young children, it is easy to lose interest in training-oriented labor before they feel the fun.
Therefore, children's reeducation through labor must respect children's age characteristics and learning methods, so that the content of labor is related to real life and formally to game activities.
For example, we used the ramp to design the ball storage box. The children put the ball in through the round opening on the side. When you take the ball, just open the door under the ramp and the ball will roll down under the action of gravity. They enjoy it and treat storage as a game.
Question 2: Parents can't understand.
Parents in rural areas often have such a question: "I am a farmer, and I clearly paid the tuition fee for kindergarten, but also let my children farm?" Faced with these problems, we should first reflect on whether the content of kindergarten education is an ineffective repetition of what children have already experienced, or promotes the generation of new experiences for children. Our survey shows that parents are not aware of the educational value of planting activities, and they will say goodbye to their children unconsciously.
Therefore, we use the usual observation records to interpret the children's words and behaviors in the training activities corresponding to the development goals of the Guide for Learning and Development of Children Aged 3-6, so as to help parents understand the supporting role of training activities in the all-round development of children and get their understanding and response.
Question 3) How to effectively balance safety protection and moderate challenges? Any activity in kindergarten should be based on safety, but excessive protection can't make children judge risks and bury hidden dangers for the future.
Before carrying out activities, we need to evaluate the environment and materials. For example, in the woodworking workshop, children's special tools are used for necessary protection, and at the same time, children are given necessary safety education.
Facts have proved that when children concentrate on an activity, their attention is more concentrated and their self-prevention ability is stronger.
With the rich experience of children, they gradually have the ability to judge and avoid danger.
For example, when using a microwave oven or an oven, they will take the initiative to wear protective gloves.
Children's experience can grow with moderate challenges.
From the long-term development of children, the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor can lay the foundation for children's lifelong development, among which reeducation through labor is essential; Judging from the actual demand, with the liberalization of the "two-child policy", the "little emperor" and "little emperor" in children's families
(Author: Xiashu Town Central Kindergarten, jurong city City, Jiangsu Province).
China Education News, 3rd edition, June 2, 20201.
Author: Yang Huajun
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