Harvard University is one of the most famous and oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States. This private institution located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, was established on September 8, 1636, formerly known as Cambridge College. At first, there were only 1 male teachers and 9 students in the school.
1780 Harvard College changed into a university. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/9th century, theological seminaries, law schools and medical schools were established one after another. In the past 300 years, Harvard has experienced 27 presidents. Samos, the current president of Harvard University, was the youngest tenured professor at Harvard, teaching political economy. Later, he left Harvard and became the US Treasury Secretary. In 200 1 year, he competed with former vice president Al Gore for the position of president of Harvard. In the end, Harvard chose Samos.
The predecessor of Harvard University is Harvard College. 1636, 10/0 On October 28th, the colonial parliament of Massachusetts Bay passed a resolution to establish an institution of higher learning similar to Cambridge University in England, with an appropriation of 4 million pounds. Since many founders were born in Cambridge University in England, they named the new town where Harvard University is located as Cambridge. 1638 officially started school, with 9 people in the first session. 1638 On September 4th, J Harvard, pastor and dean of Emanuel College, died of illness. He donated half of his savings of 720 pounds and more than 400 books to the school. On March 1639 and 13, the Massachusetts bay colonial parliament passed a resolution to name this school Harvard college. In the first century and a half, the school system mainly imitated European universities. 172 1 formally established the position of professor of theology, 1727 established the position of professor of mathematics and natural science, 1780 established the position of professor of medicine. In the same year, it was expanded to Harvard University; 18 16 set up a seminary, 18 17 set up a law school. Later, various colleges were established in the19th century. The College of Education was established in1990; 1936 set up a school of political science (1966 was named J.F. Kennedy School of Political Science). Since 1966, Harvard University has established 10 graduate schools, namely, College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration, School of Design, School of Dentistry, School of Theology, School of Education, School of Law, School of Medicine, School of Public Health and Kennedy School of Politics. The two colleges that recruit undergraduates are Harvard College and Radcliffe College. There is also a continuing education office, which is responsible for summer schools, affiliated courses and lifelong learning centers. The three graduate schools of dentistry, medicine and public health are located in Boston, and the rest are concentrated in Cambridge. The college is relatively independent, and successive presidents of Harvard adhere to the 3A principles, namely academic freedom, academic autonomy and academic neutrality (the first letter of these three principles is A).
Today, Harvard University has developed into a large institution with ten graduate schools, more than 40 departments and more than 100 majors. Officially registered degree candidates 18000, mainly graduate students, including undergraduates. In addition, 65,438+03,000 non-degree students study one or more courses in their further education colleges. There are more than14,000 faculty members working in Harvard University, including more than 2,000 professors and lecturers. There are more than 7000 teachers working in various teaching hospitals. Over the years, Harvard University has not only trained a large number of American students, but also accepted a large number of international students and visiting scholars from all over the world.
In history, a total of eight Harvard University graduates were elected as the President of the United States. Are they John? Adams (the second president of the United States), John? Quincy. Adams, Rutherford? Hayes, Theodore? Roosevelt and Franklin? Roosevelt (four terms), John? Kennedy, George? Walker. Bush and Barack? Hussein? Obama. The faculty of Harvard University has produced 34 Nobel Prize winners.
The courses offered by the school in its early years were based on the model of British universities, but they were consistent with the Puritan philosophy prevailing in this colonial frontier. Although many early graduates became priests in the Puritan settlement of New England, the school never formally joined a particular Sect. An early pamphlet published by 1643 illustrates the existence of Harvard University:? Popularize knowledge and let it continue for future generations. ?
In 2008, in Harvard Business School, MBA (the full name of MBA) education was rated as the first MBA education college in the world!
In the rankings provided by major newspapers and research institutions in the world, Harvard University often ranks first in the world. The university ranked first among the top 500 world brands in 2008 compiled by the World Brand Lab. For example, in the famous ranking of Newsweek in the United States, Harvard University ranks first all the year round. In 2006, Princeton Review put Harvard University in the United States? What is the most difficult university to apply for? Ranked fourth in the school. Today, Harvard University has an important influence in the United States and the world, and it is also one of the most competitive universities.
● China students:
In the 2008-2009 academic year, there were 39 1 3 international students from1countries all over the world studying at Harvard, including 400 international students from Chinese mainland, accounting for 10.22% of the total number, only 89 less than the top Canadian students.
The number of international students in Chinese mainland has increased by 8 1.8% compared with the previous 16. More than half of them are enrolled in graduate schools of arts and sciences, while others are distributed in various departments, such as business schools and design schools.
● Enrollment policy: the enrollment rate hit a new low this year.
Under the background of the financial crisis, although Harvard's enrollment conditions have not changed because of the economic situation, the competition will be more intense, because more students will encounter financial difficulties and apply for admission grants and scholarships.
This year, 29 1 12 students applied for admission, but only 7% of them were admitted, setting a record since the school was established.
According to the enrollment data released by Harvard University, 27,462 students applied for admission last year, but only 2 175 students were finally admitted, with an admission rate of only 7.9%.
:: New aid policy:
This year, the total amount of aid reached a record high. Harvard University is the richest university in the world. Under the financial crisis, Harvard invested heavily to help needy students tide over the difficulties.
The total amount of grants provided by Harvard to students enrolled this year is the highest in history, and the total amount of scholarships alone is as high as $654.38+$47 million, 8% higher than last year.
The school also sends a team of teachers in charge of funding projects to keep close contact with the families of students with financial difficulties, so as to reissue grants for more and more students in need at any time.
In addition, Harvard launched a student financial aid policy in June 5438+February 2007, which gives students different degrees of tuition reduction and exemption according to their family income. Students whose annual family income is less than 60,000 US dollars are exempt from tuition fees, while students whose annual income is between 60,000 US dollars and 65,438 US dollars+20,000 US dollars only need to pay as much as 65,438+00% of tuition fees; At the same time, schools no longer let students bear the burden of loans.
Harvard scholarships are rich in types, places and amounts. At present, 70% of students in school receive various forms of financial aid, and 60% of students benefit from scholarships.
Harvard scholarship? 100% effectively subsidizes all eligible students; Whether students need financial aid or not will not have any negative impact on their admission. In addition, international students enjoy the same treatment as American students.
● Application suggestion: fierce competition highlights professionalism.
Harvard is one of the top universities in the world, and the competition for admission is fierce every year. Students applying for admission want to? Breakthrough? In addition to excellent academic performance, you need to have distinctive specialties, rich extracurricular practical experience, excellent social activity ability and leadership potential.
Harvard University generally applies for 65438+ 10/June every year.
Harvard university library
With more than 65,438+05,000,000 volumes, the library of Harvard University is the fourth largest "giant library" in the world (the top three are the Library of Congress, the British Library and Biblioth? Que Nationale, the New York Public Library ranked fifth); Harvard University received the most donations from all research institutions, reaching 200 million in 2006 (second only to the largest endowment fund of the Gates Melinda Gates Foundation).
Harvard University's Institutional and College Settings
The governing bodies of Harvard University are the Board of Directors and the Board of Supervisors of Harvard University.
The board of directors of Harvard University is responsible for managing the financial affairs and affairs of the school. Major issues concerning educational policies and institutional setup shall be discussed and decided by the principals and directors of each department to the board of directors. The dean and dean of the graduate school of Harvard University are appointed by the President.
The supervisory committee of Harvard University consists of 30 members. Most of these members are elected by alumni who graduated from Harvard College and Radcliffe College for a term of six years. The school affairs supervision committee holds regular meetings to investigate and study the work of the university, put forward suggestions on the educational policies and practices of the university, and support major activities of the university.
Harvard University, with its huge scale and superior assets, is often dubbed as? Harvard empire? . The whole school 13 college. Among them, there are two undergraduate colleges, namely Harvard College and Radcliffe College; There are 1 1 graduate schools, namely, College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration, Kennedy School of Management, School of Design, School of Education, Law School, Seminary, Medical College, Dental College, School of Public Health and University Extension Department.
The famous departments of several graduate schools are:
* Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Science, Computer Technology Research Center, Department of Geology, Department of Chemistry, etc. College of Arts and Sciences;
* Department of Cell and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biophysics, Department of Pharmacy, Immunology Committee, Department of Health Sciences, etc. jointly established with MIT.
Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health;
* Department of Architecture and Design, School of Design;
* Management, planning and social policy, teaching, curriculum and academic environment, human development, reading and consulting psychology, etc.
Harvard University has 2,400 professors, 6,700 undergraduates and12,400 graduate students. The color of the school is crimson, which is also the name of Harvard sports team and daily newspaper Harvard crimson.
There has always been a friendly competitive relationship between Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which can be traced back to 1900. At that time, the merger of the two universities was widely discussed, and even at some point the authorities reached an agreement (which was later cancelled by the Massachusetts court). Today, the cooperation and competition between the two universities are still comparable, and there are often many cooperative seminars and projects. Including Harvard MIT Department of Health Science and Technology, Harvard MIT Data Center and Dibner Institute of History and Technology. In addition, undergraduates and postgraduates of the two universities can register with each other, get credits and get their own degrees without paying extra fees.
Harvard University recently established the School of Engineering and Applied Science. Because Harvard's engineering discipline is not as perfect as that of the neighboring Massachusetts Institute of Technology, many Harvard students go to MIT to take courses as repairmen or do research in science and technology (Harvard University tried to merge with MIT several times, but first of all it was limited by opinions from two campuses. In order to prevent the university from monopolizing, the Massachusetts Grand Court ruled in 1904 that it was illegal and has not merged so far.