After Huang Taiji ascended the throne, he absorbed Chinese culture extensively, and he himself was diligent in studying China culture, becoming one of the emperors with superior wisdom and military skills in the history of China. His son Fu Lin (the emperor shunzhi) was an emperor who studied hard and worked hard to govern the country. Fu Lin once said, "It's a pity that when I was five years old, Emperor Taizong had given me a banquet, and the empress dowager gave birth to me. I was extremely pampered and no one taught me, so I just sat here and dropped out of school. 1980 to 1984, nine kings (dourgen) took charge of the state affairs. After reading the ministers' memorial, I was confused, so I read it angrily. Every morning, I read until late, except for military affairs. However, my stubbornness is still there, and I can't remember it clearly. Start reading at five o'clock, Tianyu can only recite it when it is ethereal and clear. I studied before and after nine years and vomited blood. " This is a fact. He once wrote to himself: "Don't wait for old age to learn Tao, the lonely grave is full of young people" and encouraged himself with warnings.
It was not until Kangxi "pacified San Francisco" that the formal system of royal education in Qing Dynasty was established. When Kangxi was in power, the governors studied separately. According to the record of Yang Ji Zhai Cong, "I studied abroad when Wang Sun was six years old." It means that the prince began to waste his time studying at the age of 6, from 5 am to 3 pm, a total of 10 hours. You can only rest for five days a year, that is, New Year's Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, the emperor's birthday and your own birthday, and you can't even have a holiday on New Year's Eve. Emperor Kangxi studied at a young age and was too tired to cough up blood. He could recite the four books and five classics, while Emperor Qianlong 14 could do this, so he was deeply loved by Kangxi.
In the early years of Yongzheng, in order to facilitate the prince's study, a Shangshu room was set up in the palace, which was collectively called the upper study room after Daoguang. The upper study is located on the left of the Gan Qing Gate of the Forbidden City today. The reason why the upper study room is located here is to "be close to the palace for inspection". Yong Zhengdi also personally inscribed the couplet "sincerity-based, name-based"; Emperor Qianlong also attached great importance to the study. His couplet to the study was: "If you read the book, Xi Zhi and Xi Zhi will lose their hearts." There is still a mystery in Yongzheng's establishment of Shangshufang. First, there is no clear heir, which will not lead to infighting for imperial power; Secondly, we can judge the advantages and disadvantages of princes from the education level; Third, there are many alternatives when being a secret heir; Moreover, the high academic qualifications of governors are also of great benefit to the prosperity of the national movement.
Every day in the study room, classes start early, and it's still dark just after midnight. The prince will go to the study room with lanterns and will not finish his day's study until dusk in the afternoon. At noon, the guards brought food, and the prince and the teacher ate separately. Most of the teachers are China ministers appointed by the emperor, who mainly teach Confucian classics and teach at different ages. The prince, who just entered the study room, read and read with the teacher first. The teacher wrote a sentence, and the prince read it repeatedly, and kept it in his heart until he knew it by heart. With the growth of age, the understanding is enhanced, and then it enters the history of reading. Teachers correct mistakes and teach the meaning of book history. Although it is very hot in summer, the prince is not allowed to use a fan to dissipate heat when reading. Every time he learns a word, he has to write 100 times and recite a text 120 times. When I was twelve years old, I arranged for a Mongolian teacher to teach Mongolian. When I was fourteen, I learned archery and archery. It was not until the prince was sixteen or eighteen that he had to live in separate rooms after marriage.
The teachers in the study room are mostly ministers, and the teaching discipline is very strict. If the prince does not obey, he may be punished by standing or even kneeling. According to legend, Qianlong once went to the study and saw that Wang Jie, then the master of the study, was punishing the Crown Prince (later Emperor Jiaqing) for not studying well and knelt down, so he angrily asked the Prince to stand up and say, "Teach the son of heaven, don't teach the son of heaven, you are a monarch and a minister!" This means that his son, whether literate or not, is still an emperor, and he accuses Wang Jie of having no manners as a monarch and subjects. Wang Jie replied: "Teach Yao Shun, don't teach Yao Shun, be a teacher!" Although the prince can be an emperor without studying, if he studies well, he may become a saint like Tang Yao and Yu Shun. If he doesn't study, he may become an unscrupulous tyrant like Xia Jie and Shang Zhouwang, so he is trying his best to be a teacher. Gan Long felt reasonable and made the prince kneel down again.
In Qing Yi, Daoguang Wuziyi poured a cup of tea one day and gave it to the teacher. He said, "Students are usually stubborn, so let the teacher bother. Please ask the teacher to drink this cup of tea and accept the gift from the students." The teacher didn't doubt him, picked up the cup and gulped it down, only to find that there was urine in the tea after drinking it. In the face of the triumphant competition, the teacher scolded and scolded, and could not fight and beat, so he had to cry alone. Just then, Daoguang came to check and saw the teacher standing by crying instead of teaching the prince to read. He was very dissatisfied and asked why. The teacher handed the cup to Daoguang, saying that Mei had poured herself tea for the emperor to smell. When Daoguang heard that it was a trick, he flew into a rage and immediately punished Iraq. Later, Yi Yi was adopted by Daoguang to her childless brother, who was completely excluded from the heir, and was condemned for her repeated rudeness.
In a word, the Qing emperors paid more attention to the study of princes, which was beyond the feudal dynasties. Although there were mediocre kings among the emperors of the Qing Dynasty 12, none of them was a bad king, which is not unrelated. The emperors of the Qing Dynasty were no more relaxed than our students now. They didn't neglect their studies because they grew up in the imperial family, so compared with feudal dynasties, the overall cultural literacy of the Qing emperors was higher. Although the harsh education methods of "tiger mother" and "wolf father" have been criticized, it is even more undesirable to spoil education. Although the strictness of royal family education in Qing Dynasty can not be completely copied, it is also worth learning from today's parents!
I hope this answer is helpful to you.