Hyperlipidemia can be divided into primary and secondary, the former is related to environment and family inheritance. The latter is caused by diabetes, hypothyroidism, obesity and pancreatic diseases. Reasonable diet and lifestyle are of great significance to prevent hyperlipidemia. For patients with hyperlipidemia with genetic tendency, there is no obvious improvement in drug treatment, mainly by adjusting the diet structure, trying not to eat or eat less foods with high cholesterol, such as animal viscera, brain, bone marrow, roe, shellfish, squid, eel and so on. Often eat vegetables and fruits rich in fiber, which contain a lot of phytosterols, which can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol and play an anti-arteriosclerosis role. Moderate or small drinking can also reduce cholesterol, 45 ml of white wine or 90 ml of dry red wine or 188 ml of beer every day. For patients with hyperlipidemia, on the one hand, they should control their diet, on the other hand, they should do moderate exercise, such as jogging. Through exercise, lipase activity in fat increases and blood lipid decreases accordingly. Some patients have normal blood lipids, but they have hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. This also requires diet control, active exercise and medication under the guidance of a doctor.
Although cholesterol can usually be reduced by reasonable adjustment of diet, exercise and drugs, these methods sometimes fail to treat some patients with refractory and familial hyperlipidemia.
Recently, a system of whole blood directly absorbing blood lipids has appeared in medicine. Totally enclosed disposable blood loop tubes and autologous blood purification and transfusion are used to directly remove excessive harmful blood lipids from blood.
It can also be used to prevent various complications caused by hyperlipidemia and improve microcirculation of coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. But this is not once and for all. If you don't pay attention to exercise, diet regulation and other auxiliary treatments, blood lipids will rise back to the original level.
Handbook of blood lipid health
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Handbook of blood lipid health 1. What is blood lipid? The fatty substances in blood are collectively called blood lipids. Lipids in plasma include cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and non-free fatty acids, which combine with different protein in blood and exist in the form of "lipoproteins". Most cholesterol is synthesized by the human body itself, and a small part is obtained from the diet. Triglycerides, on the other hand, are mostly obtained from diet and a few are synthesized by the human body itself. 2. What is hyperlipidemia? Hyperlipidemia refers to high cholesterol (TC) and/or triglyceride (TG) or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which is called dyslipidemia in modern medicine. 3. The harm of hyperlipidemia? Blood lipid is an important substance in the human body, which has many very important functions, but it cannot exceed a certain range. If there is too much blood lipid, it is easy to cause "blood thickening", which will deposit on the blood vessel wall and gradually form small plaques (that is, "atherosclerosis" as we often say). These "plaques" increase and expand, gradually blocking blood vessels, slowing blood flow, and in severe cases, blood flow is interrupted. If this happens to the heart, it will cause coronary heart disease; When it happens in the brain, there will be a stroke; If the fundus blood vessels are blocked, it will lead to decreased vision and blindness; If it occurs in the kidney, it will cause renal arteriosclerosis and renal failure; It occurs in the lower limbs, and limb necrosis and ulceration will occur. In addition, hyperlipidemia can cause hypertension, gallstones, pancreatitis, aggravate hepatitis, and lead to male sexual dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases. The latest research suggests that hyperlipidemia may be related to the onset of cancer. 4. Who is prone to hyperlipidemia? Family history of hyperlipidemia; Obese person; Middle-aged and elderly people; Long-term high-sugar diet; Postmenopausal women; Long-term smokers and alcoholics; People who are used to sitting still; People whose lives are irregular, excitable and nervous; Liver and kidney diseases, diabetes, hypertension and other diseases. 5. No symptoms do not mean that blood lipids are not high. Because the onset of hyperlipidemia is a chronic process, mild hyperlipidemia usually does not have any uncomfortable feeling. If you feel better, you will have dizziness, headache, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, chest pain, fatigue, bickering, inability to speak, numbness of limbs and other symptoms, which will eventually lead to serious diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke, and the corresponding symptoms will appear. 6. Is your blood lipid high? Total cholesterol (TC) below 5.20mmol/L(200mg/dl) is normal, and above 5.72mmol /L (200mg/dl) is abnormal. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is lower than 3.12mmol/L (120mg/DL) and higher than 3.64mmol/L( 140mg/dl). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is normal when it is higher than 1.04mmol/L(40mg/dl), and abnormal when it is lower than 0.9 1mmol/L(35mg/dl). Triglyceride (TG) below1.70mmol/L (150mg/DL) is normal, and above1.70mmol/L (150mg/DL) is abnormal. 7. Three magic weapons for regulating blood lipid: regulating diet structure, improving lifestyle and drug treatment. (1) The principle of regulating diet structure: limit the intake of foods rich in fat and cholesterol; Choose low-fat food (vegetable oil, yogurt); Increase vitamins and fiber (fruits, vegetables, bread and cereals) (2) The daily diet structure of normal elderly people: an egg and a banana; A bowl of milk (not necessarily with sugar, but also with yogurt and milk powder); 500g of fruits and vegetables (multiple varieties can be selected); 100g clean meat, including fish, poultry, livestock and other meats (calculated by edible parts); 50g of bean products (including tofu, yuba, thousands of pieces, bean cakes and all kinds of bean processed products, such as bean paste, bean paste and boiled whole beans); About 500 grams of grain (including rice, flour, miscellaneous grains, roots and sugar); Drink soup every day, one bowl for each meal. (3) Foods with hypolipidemic effect: garlic (65438+ 0~2 pieces of sweet and sour garlic on an empty stomach in the morning), ginger, eggplant, hawthorn, persimmon, auricularia auricula, milk, etc. (4) Examples of diet therapy for hyperlipidemia patients: breakfast, 200ml soybean milk, 50g steamed cake, cooked soybean10g; Chinese food, standard flour and corn flour100g, rice porridge 50g, lean pork 20g, fried green pepper100g, fried beans100g; For dinner, rice150g, Chinese cabbage100g, boiled tofu 50g, vermicelli10g, carp 20g and shredded potatoes100g. All-day cooking oil 12g. (5) improve lifestyle a. lose weight: obesity is excess fat and an external sign of atherosclerosis. B. Quitting smoking: Nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco cause and aggravate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. C. controlling alcohol: drinking less is good for the human body, and drinking more is harmful. Wine is high in calories, and drinking more will aggravate obesity. D. aerobic exercise. 8. Appropriate exercise for the elderly Whether it is appropriate to calculate the amount of exercise through the heart rate, and the heart rate should be kept at (220- age) ×(60%-85%). Sports suitable for the elderly include Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong, jogging, fast walking, slow cycling, swimming, mountain climbing, aerobics for the elderly, gateball, badminton and walking backwards. The best time to exercise in a day: 5 am, the amount of exercise should not be too large, and it should be kept light to medium intensity; 10 in the morning is the best exercise opportunity in a day, and 16~ 17 in the afternoon is the most suitable exercise time for losing weight. 0.5~ 1 hour before dinner, at this time, walking (or brisk walking) and doing health gymnastics are beneficial to the treatment of diabetes. At the same time, we should pay attention to mental health and maintain an optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life. 9. Drug therapy, protecting the heart and protecting the brain. In the early 1990s, the international medical community conducted a large-scale study on lipid-lowering therapy, and the results were encouraging: taking lipid-lowering drugs for a long time not only reduced blood lipids, but also significantly reduced the incidence, disability and mortality of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. In short, the most fundamental purpose of lipid-lowering therapy is to prevent and delay the occurrence of coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases. At present, doctors and patients all over the world attach great importance to lipid-lowering treatment, and their concepts have undergone fundamental changes. So some people say that the era of lipid regulation has arrived! 10. How to choose an ideal lipid-lowering drug? When the blood lipid can not be reduced to the ideal level through reasonable adjustment of diet structure, change of bad living habits and strengthening physical exercise, drug treatment must be started. At present, there are many drugs for regulating blood lipid, which are mainly divided into the following three categories: (1) statins, which are mainly used to lower cholesterol, such as Shujiangzhi and Pragu; (2) Bates: mainly reduce triglycerides, such as Novotel and Lipitor; (3) Natural drugs, such as Longtai Jiangzhining, can effectively reduce cholesterol and triglycerides, and can increase high-density lipoprotein, which has the function of comprehensively regulating blood lipids with little side effects. Because the rise of blood lipids is a slow process, the regulation of blood lipids, especially the elimination of adverse effects of blood lipids, also needs a continuous process. Therefore, patients should choose lipid-lowering drugs with obvious lipid-lowering effect and little toxic and side effects according to their own different situations. 1 1. It is very important to check blood lipids: because many people don't know enough about the harm of hyperlipidemia, and hyperlipidemia itself has no symptoms, many people inadvertently find that blood lipids are high. In order to nip in the bud, when you have the following conditions, such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, xanthoma of skin or family history of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, middle-aged and elderly women, postmenopausal women, long-term high-sugar diet, please check your blood lipids as soon as possible. Ordinary people: check blood lipids every 2 years; People over 40 years old: check blood lipid 1 time a year; High-risk groups and patients with hyperlipidemia: check blood lipids regularly according to the doctor's advice. 12. Blood lipid and coronary heart disease: Despite statistics, the mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has exceeded 1/2 of the total population mortality rate. Coronary heart disease is also called coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The coronary artery is the artery that supplies blood to the heart. Because of excessive fat deposition, it causes arteriosclerosis, blocks blood flow, causes heart ischemia, and produces a series of symptoms, namely coronary heart disease. Risk factors of coronary heart disease: hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, lack of physical activity, excessive mental stress, family history of coronary heart disease, oral contraceptives, etc. Among them, hyperlipidemia is one of the important risk factors of coronary heart disease. Regulating blood lipid is the most basic therapy to prevent and treat coronary heart disease: when the serum total cholesterol level drops by 65438 0%, the incidence of coronary heart disease drops by 2%. As long as you have coronary heart disease, no matter whether your blood lipid is high or not, you should take lipid-regulating drugs for a long time. Because long-term lipid-lowering therapy can reduce the incidence and mortality of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. 13. Relationship between blood lipids and cerebral infarction: When cholesterol in blood rises, atherosclerotic plaques are easily formed, which accumulate on the arterial wall, narrowing the arterial lumen, blocking blood from flowing into the corresponding parts, resulting in insufficient kinetic energy. Occurred in cerebral vessels, causing cerebral infarction. Medicine has proved that long-term lipid-lowering therapy can not only treat cerebral infarction, but also prevent it. Lipid-regulating therapy and stroke: There are many reasons for stroke, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, drinking, obesity, old age, diabetes, blood diseases and so on. Among them, hyperlipidemia and cerebral atherosclerosis are one of the important risk factors of cerebral infarction. Many studies have proved that long-term lipid-lowering therapy can significantly reduce the incidence and disability rate of stroke, so clinicians pay more and more attention to the treatment of hyperlipidemia. 14. Blood lipids and diabetes: Hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia are called "three highs" and are the main risk factors that threaten the health and life of diabetic patients. These three are closely related. Hyperlipidemia will aggravate diabetes, so diabetic patients need to adjust their blood lipids in addition to treating hyperglycemia, which is the key to reduce the mortality and disability rate of diabetic patients. Diabetic patients should pay attention to regulating blood lipids: diabetes complicated with hyperlipidemia is more likely to lead to stroke, coronary heart disease, limb necrosis, fundus lesions, renal lesions, neuropathy and so on. These long-term complications of diabetes are the main causes of disability or premature death of diabetic patients. More than half of diabetic patients are complicated with hyperlipidemia, and active treatment of hyperlipidemia is of great benefit to controlling blood sugar and preventing complications. Regulating blood sugar can improve blood lipid to a certain extent, but to reach the ideal level, intervention of lipid-regulating drugs is needed. The treatment of diabetes and lipid metabolism has become the standard to control the condition of diabetic patients. 15. Lipids and fatty liver: Fatty liver is caused by a large accumulation of liver fat, often accompanied by elevated blood lipids. B-ultrasound examination is the main method to check fatty liver at present. The incidence of fatty liver is as high as 5~ 10%. About 35% of adults with elevated transaminase in physical examination are fatty liver, and some patients can develop cirrhosis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of fatty liver is very important to prevent the progress of chronic liver disease and improve the prognosis. Who is prone to fatty liver: patients with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, abdominal fat accumulation, long-term heavy drinkers, obese people, patients with viral hepatitis. What are the symptoms of fatty liver? Mild fatty liver mostly has no conscious symptoms. Moderate and severe manifestations are hepatomegaly, loss of appetite, swelling and pain in liver area, and elevated transaminase. A few cases have mild jaundice and splenomegaly. What should patients with fatty liver do: Early treatment can prevent the development of fatty liver, and most fatty liver can be cured. Including eliminating the cause, improving the lifestyle and adjusting the diet structure; Use lipid-regulating drugs for treatment. 16. Longtai Jiangzhining Granule is a pure natural pharmaceutical preparation. It has been clinically proved for many years that it can obviously reduce the levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and serum low-density lipoprotein sterol, and can obviously improve the symptoms such as dizziness, chest tightness, chest pain, palpitation, limb numbness and arrhythmia caused by hyperlipidemia. Has dual functions of treatment and prevention, has no side effects, and is safe and reliable in clinical use.
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Interviewee: Ask yourself and answer yourself-trainee guide level 2 1 1-6 22:00
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There are two other answers.
-hyperlipidemia and diet, health care
1, how to prevent dyslipidemia
To prevent dyslipidemia, we should carry out health education in various ways, advocate a balanced diet, and avoid excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats. Quit smoking and drink less. It is suggested that physical activity or physical exercise should be carried out regularly to prevent obesity, and blood lipid measurement should be carried out regularly, which is helpful for early detection and timely treatment of dyslipidemia.
2. What principles should be followed in the treatment of dyslipidemia?
Once diagnosed as dyslipidemia, we should find the cause of dyslipidemia and then treat it according to the cause. General dyslipidemia will improve after removing the cause. Primary dyslipidemia is called if the cause is not clear, and the treatment at this time is comprehensive. First of all, we should publicize and educate patients about medical knowledge and introduce the cause, harm, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia. Specific treatment methods can be divided into two types, one is non-drug therapy, including diet therapy and exercise therapy. The former mainly refers to low calorie, low fat, high fiber, rich vitamins and appropriate minerals; The latter mainly refers to moderate long-term exercise. After 3-6 months of non-drug treatment, people with dyslipidemia should consider using lipid-regulating drugs. During the medication, follow up regularly according to the doctor's advice, monitor the blood lipid level, and adjust the drug and dosage according to the situation. Because dyslipidemia is asymptomatic, it takes several years to cause harm to the body, so it is easy to be ignored. But once atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and other consequences are caused, it is more serious, difficult to treat and expensive. Therefore, we must attach importance to treatment and persevere in treatment.
3. What is the effect of diet structure on blood triglyceride level?
Diet has a great influence on blood triglycerides, mainly the content of fat and carbohydrate. Too high either of these two components will lead to an increase in blood triglyceride level, which is also a common cause of exogenous hypertriglyceridemia.
4. What is the effect of dietary cholesterol content on blood cholesterol level?
About 40% cholesterol in the diet can be absorbed. Rich in cholesterol, such as brain flower, fat, animal viscera (liver, kidney), eggs and so on. Long-term intake of a large amount of cholesterol > > 300mg// day may lead to an increase in blood cholesterol levels. The degree of cholesterol poisoning in blood is also related to diet structure. If there is more dietary fiber, dietary fiber can be combined with bile acids in the intestine, so that cholesterol combined with bile acids can be excreted from the intestine with feces, reducing cholesterol absorption. On the contrary, if animals eat too much fat, the combination of bile acids and cholesterol will increase, and the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine will also increase. It shows that the influence of dietary cholesterol on blood cholesterol level is caused by many factors, and the high blood cholesterol level in food does not necessarily increase in parallel.
5. What is deep-sea fish oil?
Deep-sea fish oil refers to fish oil extracted from live fish salvaged from the deep sea, so these two conditions are very important. Fish oil mainly contains unsaturated fatty acids, which are easy to fail by oxidation. Fish oil is rich in W-3 series fatty acids, and its main components are EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (eicosapentaenoic acid), which has the functions of reducing blood lipid and protecting blood vessels. The contents of EPA and DHA in fish oil on the market are generally below 40%, so the content of effective components is limited, so we must pay attention to the content of effective components when taking fish oil. On the other hand, we should pay attention to the quality of the product itself and don't take fake fish oil. Fake and shoddy fish oil is mainly due to poor production and storage conditions, which leads to fish oil oxidation, fish oil color deepening and fishy smell, so attention should be paid to identification. Fish oil should be protected from light, air and cold storage to prevent oxidation.
5. Relationship between fish oil and atherosclerosis
Rational use of fish oil may help to correct the abnormal proportion of fatty acids in the body, because W-3 fatty acids are often insufficient in the current diet structure. Appropriate supplementation of fish oil may have a certain preventive effect on atherosclerosis, but it is only a health care product and cannot replace drugs.
Re-emphasize that fish oil must be taken reasonably. Excessive or fake fish oil can not only prevent atherosclerosis, but also do harm to the body and promote or aggravate arterial disease.
7. Exercise is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.
Exercise has many benefits to the body, just as people often say that life lies in exercise. Therefore, modern medicine regards exercise as a method to treat diseases, which is called exercise therapy. Exercise can increase the body's calorie consumption. In order to meet energy consumption, the decomposition of fat in the body increases, which is conducive to weight loss. In addition to losing weight, exercise can also reduce elevated blood sugar to a certain extent; Short-term exercise mainly provides glucose from muscles. If the muscle can't meet the needs of glucose supply for a long time, it will export glucose from the liver and reduce the storage of sugar in the liver. It is also found that exercise can make muscle tissue more sensitive to insulin (called sensitization), and finally reduce the elevated blood sugar to a certain level. Hyperglycemia and obesity are easy to cause dyslipidemia. From these two aspects, exercise is beneficial to the treatment of dyslipidemia. In addition, exercise can also increase some enzyme activities related to blood lipid metabolism, such as lipoprotein enzyme activity, thus reducing blood lipid level. Some scholars have compared people who insist on exercising with those who don't before and after exercise. It is found that exercise can increase the level of high density lipoprotein in blood and decrease the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride, so exercise therapy has a certain regulatory effect on blood lipid. Aerobic exercise is recommended as health care exercise, that is, chronic moderate physical endurance exercise, which generally lasts at least 3 minutes, such as jogging, brisk walking, swimming and cycling.
Respondent: Hubert103-a fellow scholar from Grade 611-621:10.
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In human blood, the lipids contained in plasma are called blood lipids, including cholesterol, cholesterol lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids and non-lipidated fatty acids. When cholesterol, triglycerides, etc. Exceeding the normal value is collectively referred to as hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia is the main pathogenic factor of atherosclerosis. Invasion of important organs often leads to serious consequences, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular accident, intractable hypertension and nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis, lithiasis, fatty liver and so on. The occurrence and development of arteriosclerosis is closely related to hyperlipidemia.
Health guide:
1. Reasonable diet and aftercare: human lipids include fat and lipids. Hyperlipidemia is closely related to diet. The accumulation of human fat and the source of some lipids mainly come from diet. Only a part of lipids are synthesized in the body, which is called endogenous lipids. Diet control is very important for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia. Diet advocates light and basic vegetarianism. However, it is not advisable to be a vegetarian for a long time, otherwise the diet composition will be imperfect, which will lead to an increase in endogenous cholesterol. Diets high in fat and cholesterol, such as animal brain marrow, egg yolk, chicken liver and butter, should be restricted. Fat intake is limited to 30 ~ 50 grams per day. Sugar foods should also be restricted, and sweets and snacks should not be eaten. Eat more vegetables and fruits. A low-salt diet should be adopted, and soybean oil, peanut oil, vegetable oil and sesame oil should be used as edible oils. Hunger is moderate, and the amount of food eaten per meal is less than half an hour before the next meal. Hunger therapy is not suitable. Excessive hunger will accelerate the decomposition of body fat and increase blood fatty acids.
2. Absolutely quit smoking and avoid alcohol: Nicotine in cigarettes can make peripheral blood vessels contract and myocardial stress increase, raise blood pressure and cause angina pectoris. Improper drinking will make the heart function decline, which is harmful to gastrointestinal tract, liver, nervous system and endocrine system. You should definitely give up smoking and avoid drinking.
3. Advocate moderate tea drinking: Catecholic acid contained in tea can enhance the flexibility, elasticity and permeability of blood vessels and prevent arteriosclerosis. Theophylline and caffeine in tea can invigorate the spirit, promote blood circulation, reduce fatigue and have diuretic effect. Moderate drinking tea can eliminate greasy diet and lose weight. But drinking too much strong tea will stimulate the heart and make the heart beat faster, which is harmful to the body.
4. Proper exercise to lose weight: Controlling obesity is one of the important measures to prevent hyperlipidemia. Besides diet control, we advocate insisting on physical exercise, such as jogging, Wuqinxi, Tai Ji Chuan, table tennis and disco dancing for the elderly. I usually take part in manual labor. We should control weight gain.
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How to treat hyperlipidemia with traditional Chinese medicine?
Hyperlipidemia is the name of modern medicine and an important factor of coronary heart disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has no name for this disease, and there is no similar record. However, from years of clinical practice, it is related to the dysfunction of qi and blood in zang-fu organs, the imbalance of yin and yang in human body and the generation of dampness, turbidity and blood stasis. According to clinical observation, the incidence of coronary heart disease caused by hyperlipidemia is increasing year by year, so the treatment of hyperlipidemia plays an important role in coronary heart disease. So, what are the prescriptions for treating hyperlipidemia in Chinese medicine?
(1) slimming tea: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. 30g, hawthorn 15g, cassia seed 15g, winter melon peel 20g, oolong tea 3g. Firstly, the four herbs, such as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, are decocted together to remove residues. Oolong tea is brewed with its soup, which is used to make tea, 1 dose per day. Continuous drinking for two months is a course of treatment, and generally taking 3 ~ 5 courses of treatment. This prescription has the functions of reducing blood fat, promoting blood circulation, lowering blood pressure and diuresis.
(2) cassia seed seaweed soup: 20g cassia seed and 30g kelp. Decoct with water to remove residues, and take kelp decoction 1 time every day, with January as a course of treatment, and generally take 1 ~ 3 courses of treatment. This prescription has the effect of lowering blood fat and blood pressure, and is suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease or obesity.
(3) Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Tablets: 5 tablets each time, 3 times a day for 2-4 months. The main mechanism of the drug's lipid-lowering effect is to nourish liver and kidney and regulate the balance of yin and yang in human body. Related experimental studies show that Polygonum multiflorum contains rhein, which can promote intestinal movement, prevent or reduce intestinal absorption of lipids, and thus reduce blood lipids.
How to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia?
Under modern medical conditions, hyperlipidemia can be prevented, and its countermeasures mainly include the following aspects:
1. reasonable diet: reasonable diet is the basis of treating hyperlipidemia. Any patient with hyperlipidemia should be treated with diet before taking the medicine, and only when the diet therapy is ineffective or the patient can't tolerate it (usually six months to one year) can medication be used, because diet therapy is the most physiologically effective measure. No matter what kind of lipid-lowering drugs, there are more or less side effects, even when taking drugs, you can't relax reasonable diet measures.
2. Appropriate physical exercise: Physical exercise can increase consumption, improve lipid metabolism and prevent the increase of body fat and blood lipid. Exercise can completely reduce the blood lipid content of hypertriglyceridemia patients to normal level. Moreover, exercise can also increase the content of anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein-high density lipoprotein in human blood, improve heart function and increase collateral circulation of the heart, thus playing a good role in preventing and treating coronary heart disease. Patients with hyperlipidemia who are healthy and have no coronary heart disease should exercise regularly, such as long-distance running, cycling, swimming, playing ball games and climbing mountains. However, strenuous exercise is not suitable for those with coronary heart disease, severe hypertension and diabetes. Under the guidance of doctors, these patients should take appropriate exercises according to their condition, such as medical gymnastics, Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong.
3. Appropriate physical therapy: when the above methods are ineffective, other physical therapies should be supplemented, such as mineral spring bath and electromagnetic therapy in liver area. Liver electromagnetic therapy can regulate liver metabolic disorder, thus correcting hyperlipidemia.
4. Drug treatment: For intractable severe hyperlipidemia, appropriate drug treatment can be given. At present, there are no lipid-lowering drugs that meet the physiological requirements. Most lipid-lowering drugs only have short-term effects, and long-term use has obvious side effects. Therefore, drug therapy should be used as the last resort to treat lipid metabolism disorder in patients with high risk of coronary heart disease, and combined with non-drug therapy.
How to treat hyperlipidemia with reasonable diet?
The so-called reasonable diet includes two meanings: first, the dietary measures taken should not only achieve the purpose of lowering blood fat, but also make patients get enough nutrition supply to ensure their health. The one-sided vegetarian diet or "three noes" (no meat, no eggs and no fish) is absolutely unacceptable. Secondly, diet therapy should be different according to different types of hyperlipidemia, and it should also vary from person to person. We should not copy mechanically, let alone hearsay. Here is a brief introduction to the diet treatment of different types of hyperlipidemia:
(1) For patients with hypercholesterolemia and normal triglyceride content, the focus of diet therapy is to limit food cholesterol, and the total daily intake is less than 200mg. Patients should avoid or eat less foods with high cholesterol, such as brain, spinal cord, viscera, egg yolk (each egg yolk contains 250 ~ 300mg of cholesterol), shellfish (such as mussels and snails) and mollusks (such as squid, cuttlefish and fish eggs). On the other hand, patients should take in nutrients with low cholesterol, such as lean pork, beef, duck, chicken, fish and milk. The cholesterol content of these foods is not high, for example, each bottle of milk only contains 30mg, and other foods only contain about 100mg of cholesterol. Don't avoid eating too much. Secondly, it is necessary to limit animal fat and appropriately increase vegetable oil. The calculation shows that it is ideal for each patient to eat 500~750g vegetable oil (soybean oil, corn oil, vegetable oil, etc.) if animal oil is not used for cooking. ) every month. Although vegetable oil is good, it should not be eaten more, otherwise it will also bring bad effects. Third, eat more fruits and vegetables and increase fiber intake. Fourth, eat more cholesterol-lowering foods, such as soybeans and their products, onions, garlic, cauliflower (grass head), mushrooms, fungus and so on. Some of these foods also have anticoagulant effect, which is also good for preventing thrombosis and coronary heart disease.
(2) Hypertriglyceridemia For patients with only elevated blood triglyceride content and normal cholesterol content, the key points of diet treatment are different from the above. The key is to limit food intake and lose weight, so that the weight can reach and be maintained within the standard range. The standard weight can be calculated by the following formula:
Male: Height (cm)-105 (kg)
Female: Height (cm)-107.5 (kg)
The second is to limit sweets. These patients are particularly sensitive to sugar, and eating sugar will make their triglyceride content higher. Therefore, white sugar, brown sugar, fruit candy, honey and sugary foods and medicines should be eaten as little as possible or not. Third, prohibition of alcohol, alcohol can increase the triglyceride content of such patients. Fourth, protein, especially soybean protein, should be appropriately increased. Fifth, properly limit cholesterol, below 300mg per day, allowing patients to eat 3 eggs per week, and other foods containing cholesterol can also be eaten properly, as long as the total intake is not higher than the above limit. Sixth, properly limit fat, especially animal fat.
(3) The content of blood cholesterol and triglyceride in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia is increased, and the focus of diet therapy is to combine the above two types. That is, properly limit cholesterol and animal fat, control food intake to lose weight, avoid eating sweets, abstain from alcohol, appropriately increase vegetable oil, beans and their products, and eat more vegetables, fruits and some foods with lipid-lowering effect.
What harm does hyperlipidemia have to patients?
(1) glomerulosclerosis, etc. Hyperlipidemia can cause vascular endothelial cell injury and local shedding, which leads to the increase of vascular wall permeability, and plasma lipoprotein can enter and deposit in the intima of vascular wall, which in turn causes the clearance reaction of macrophages and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and forms plaques, leading to arteriosclerosis, renal arteriosclerosis and lumen stenosis, which can lead to renal ischemia, atrophy and interstitial fiber proliferation. If the renal blood vessels are blocked, the corresponding areas will be infarcted, and the infarcted areas will form scars after being organized. This leads to glomerulosclerosis. Outside the kidney, it can accelerate the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis, lead to coronary heart disease and increase the risk of myocardial infarction. Similarly, arteriosclerosis in other parts leads to corresponding diseases, such as cerebral arteriosclerosis and cerebral infarction.
(2) Glomerular injury: Hyperlipidemia can cause lipid deposition in glomerulus, and low density lipoprotein can activate circulating monocytes, leading to infiltration of mononuclear cells in glomerulus, thus causing or aggravating inflammatory reaction. At the same time, mesangial cells and endothelial cells of glomerulus can produce reactive oxygen molecules and promote lipid peroxidation. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) has a strong cytotoxic effect, resulting in renal tissue damage. In addition, hyperlipidemia can also cause the increase of collagen, laminin and fibrin in glomerular mesangial matrix, which is directly related to glomerular sclerosis.
Does losing weight help to reduce blood fat?
As we all know, hyperlipidemia and low HDL are one of the most dangerous factors of arteriosclerosis, and obese people often have abnormal lipid metabolism, and hyperlipidemia is more obvious with the increase of obesity; On the contrary, hyperlipidemia also promotes excessive accumulation of fat, forming a vicious circle. Not only that, people also found that the increase of blood lipid is closely related to the distribution of fat. Kissebah (ah) and others think: "According to the distribution of human body fat, it can be divided into central obesity with obvious trunk fat deposition and peripheral obesity with obvious limbs; There are also upper body obesity with more upper body fat accumulation and lower body obesity with more lower body fat accumulation. Hyperlipidemia and diabetes are mainly caused by central obesity and upper body obesity, so taking active weight loss measures is helpful to reduce blood lipids.
Weight loss and lipid reduction should be based on comprehensive therapy, including the use of traditional Chinese medicine to eliminate dampness and phlegm, limiting high-fat diet, eating more vegetables, bean products, lean meat, chicken, jellyfish and so on. Eating as many cellulose-containing vegetables as possible can reduce intestinal cholesterol.