Introduction of educational institutions In Canada, educational institutions are divided into general education, special education, vocational education and higher education. General education includes public schools and missionary schools, preschool education, primary schools, high schools, private schools and correspondence education.

Public schools and missionary schools

In Canada, public schools and missionary schools ("public schools" and "independent schools") are usually funded by the government.

The so-called public schools are established and managed by local educational institutions according to the education law and school law of the province.

Some provinces provide tax support for religious schools on the basis of religious division. Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories all support public schools and missionary schools. Generally speaking, people classify the teaching of godchildren as Catholic schools.

In Quebec, missionary schools are divided into Catholic and Protestant school committees. At present, the provincial government has plans to divide school committees according to language rather than religion.

preschool education

In most provinces and regions of Canada, there are two sets of government-funded voluntary preschool education systems: one is a five-year kindergarten run by the school board, and the other is a nursery licensed by the provincial government. Only Prince Edward Island in China has no five-year kindergarten system. Kindergarten education is not compulsory, but most Canadian children attend kindergarten.

primary school

Primary school usually refers to education from grade one to grade six or grade eight, and students are usually five to thirteen years old. However, the transition from primary school to secondary school varies from province to province. Some school committees divide primary and secondary education into: kindergarten to sixth grade is the first stage; The seventh to ninth grades are junior high schools; The tenth to twelfth grades are high schools.

Most schools are coeducational. The average number of students in a primary school is 170, while only 17% of primary schools in Canada have more than 400 students.

Primary school curriculum covers a wide range, focusing on reading, writing and mathematics, followed by science, liberal arts, health education, music and art.

senior high school

High schools are usually divided into two types, one is ordinary high schools and the other is vocational high schools. Most high schools offer these two courses.

Quebec's system is special. Middle schools in this province have a five-year program (grade 7 to 1 1 grade), followed by a two-year or three-year pre-university course, referred to as CEGEP. Two-year CEGEP graduates usually study ordinary high school courses and prepare to enter the university; Three-year CEGEP graduates usually take vocational courses and enter the job market directly after graduation.

High school graduates can enter the job market, vocational schools, community colleges or universities.

private school

Although private schools are independent of the public system, they must still provide courses that meet the requirements of the Ministry of Education of the provincial government. Usually, they follow the curriculum and graduation requirements of the Ministry of Education of the province and issue graduation certificates.

Since private schools do not enjoy the same government subsidies as public schools, they all charge tuition fees. For low-income families, they usually have scholarships or tuition remission. Alberta, British Columbia, Minneapolis, Quebec and Saskatchewan all subsidize private schools to some extent.

correspondence education

Distance education mainly meets the needs of students that traditional classroom education cannot meet. These students usually live in remote areas, small villages or have disabilities.

In the past, correspondence education was usually conducted by mail. Now it relies heavily on telecommunications and electronic means. Correspondence courses include primary and secondary school and university courses as well as vocational training courses.

Correspondence education also belongs to the scope of the provincial government.

Special needs education

The targets of special education are: physically disabled, learning disabled, mentally ill and mentally retarded. Gifted students are also the targets of special education.

In recent years, the trend is to try to integrate special students into peer classes. All provinces take measures to ensure that special students receive special education.

There are currently 2 1 schools for the blind or deaf in all provinces of Canada.

vocational education

Vocational education usually enables students to enter specific industries after short-term training. Many schools provide short-term skills training so that their graduates can enter the labor market immediately. Both public and private schools offer it. Some training can be done on the job. Most courses can be completed in one year, and some simple courses only take a few weeks.

Most public vocational schools are managed by the provincial Ministry of Education. They are different from vocational high schools of local education committees. The students in vocational schools are those who have already left the normal school system and exceeded the age of entering ordinary middle schools. Students also don't need a high school diploma, as long as they have received education from grade 8 to grade 12.

Vocational training in Quebec is unique. According to the vocational training law of this province, successful students must be 16 years old or above and have not attended school for 12 consecutive months. Most training takes place in specialized schools. This kind of school is called a multi-price college.

Apprenticeship training in China is a combination of on-the-job training and classroom training. Apprentices usually sign contracts with employers to learn a certain vocational skill and finally obtain the status of skilled workers. Apprentices can register in provincial labor departments or human resources departments, which all have prescribed standards and qualification requirements.

Unregistered apprentices can sign agreements with employers, usually through trade unions. They are not restricted by the provincial regulations established by the industry. At present, the federal government, with the cooperation of various provinces, has begun to implement inter-provincial examination standards to facilitate the flow of skilled workers.

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The basic structure of the education system in various provinces and regions of Canada is very similar, which is divided into three levels? Primary, secondary and higher education. All jurisdictions provide free compulsory primary and secondary education for 12 years, and only Quebec provides it to 1 1 grade. In most jurisdictions, compulsory education reaches the age of 15 or 16, but in Manitoba, it reaches the age of 17, and in New Brunswick, it reaches the age of 18 or until high school graduation.

Bachelor's degrees, diplomas and certificates issued by higher education schools depend on the type of schools and the length of courses. Universities and university colleges focus on bachelor courses, while other educational institutions focus on diploma and certificate courses.

In most provinces and regions, there are restrictions on the use of the name "university" or "college" or the use of "bachelor". Public and private schools that award bachelor's degrees also offer certificates and diploma courses, and most public and private schools that do not award degrees are also free to use names such as "diploma" and "certificate".

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