At present, the balanced development of compulsory education in China has become the focus of attention. The fundamental reason is that in a long historical period, the development of compulsory education in China has been evolving along the pattern of unbalanced development, resulting in many problems. Compulsory education is a public product provided by the government to citizens, and the development of compulsory education to balanced education is the development direction of compulsory education in the new period. The article is divided into four parts. Firstly, the balanced development of compulsory education is comprehensively explained theoretically, and the connotation, concept, necessity and practical significance of balanced development of compulsory education are clarified. Then it briefly analyzes the unbalanced development of nine-year compulsory education in China and its negative impact. On this basis, it is considered that "institutional constraints" are institutional and structural factors that lead to the unbalanced development of compulsory education, and the institutional constraints that lead to the unbalanced development of compulsory education involve formal systems and informal systems, and several institutional constraints that affect the balanced development of compulsory education in China are listed. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures to realize the balanced development of compulsory education are put forward: the key to realize the balanced development of compulsory education lies in the government, which should earnestly assume the corresponding responsibilities; It is necessary to gradually dilute and eliminate the institutional obstacles that hinder the balanced development of compulsory education, establish and improve corresponding systems and mechanisms, and promote the balanced development of compulsory education; The new Compulsory Education Law is a practical system guarantee to promote the balanced development of compulsory education, but more attention should be paid to whether its implementation is implemented. Therefore, we should not only see the importance and urgency of realizing the balanced development of compulsory education, but also fully estimate its long-term, arduous and complex nature, adhere to Scientific Outlook on Development's and correct educational thoughts, actively explore and take practical measures to accelerate the balanced development of compulsory education.