1 () is carried out in various scientific communities, and it is essentially the product of the community. practical activity

2. () is a variety of means and steps used by people to solve some practical problems in research. First, scientific research methods

3. () refers to some key issues in a certain research field and calls some relevant representatives to hold academic meetings. Delegate meeting

4. () refers to those people temporarily unable to open or not allowed to open, can't directly observe its internal structure, only from the external input and output system. B black box

5. () refers to the regular meetings organized by academic groups, mainly attended by members of academic groups. As short as six months, as long as one or two years. D group regular meeting

6. () is a comprehensive application of modern science and technology such as modern communication theory, cybernetics, automation technology and computer technology. An information method 7. () is a method to control and adjust the system through feedback, so as to enhance the stability of the system or achieve the system goals. Feedback control method

8. () In the process of establishing the biological classification system, the classification method was established, which initiated the biological taxonomy and promoted the formation of the idea of biological evolution. Linnai

9. () constantly put forward new topics for social scientists. The needs of social reality

10. () It is the first time to skillfully combine experimental empirical research methods with geometric deductive reasoning and establish the famous lever principle. Archimedes

1 1. Newspapers and () together constitute two major sources of information for social research. Book b monograph

12. The research of parmenides, Plato and others laid the foundation for () to establish a formal logic system. Aristotle

13. A system with some known information and some unknown information refers to (). Grey system

14. You can use () to check the newspapers and periodicals after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Xinhua daily

15. Starting from a small amount of information obtained from reading newspapers, books and other channels, plus my existing background knowledge and related knowledge, I use a series of hypothetical and creative deductive reasoning to draw a series of conclusions, which are then confirmed in practice. This means (). Information reasoning

16. Fundamentally speaking, scientific research topics come from practice and theory (). conflict

17. The behavior of "repeating others, not innovating, blindly establishing projects, and even imitating others" belongs to (). Low-level repetition of scientific research

18. He made an in-depth study of logical methods, and the person who studied induction in his book Logic was (). Democritus

19. Analyze the word frequency of A Dream of Red Mansions, understand the difference between Cao Xueqin's language style and Gao E's language style and the color of the times they represent, which was adopted by (). Content analysis method

20. It is not appropriate to use () to analyze novels. Analysis of P247B Character Structure

2 1. For the objective detection of academic papers, the traditional () has been used. This general fuzzy impression method is difficult to reflect the differences of different personality papers scientifically and accurately, which is not conducive to identifying talents and finding specific problems. D-level qualitative method

22. At present, the development of science and technology is highly differentiated and tends to be integrated, and () integration has become a general trend. Multidisciplinary intersection

23. After reading The Complete Works of Yuan Haowen, I found a collection of his novels, Continued Records; However, after checking all kinds of literary history, novel history and paper index, there is no discussion about this collection of novels. At this time, you can read the original text carefully. If you think it has a certain value and status, you should show it, which belongs to (). Constructive research

24. Engels once pointed out that the method is the "()" of the research object. D simulation

25. In 1960s, oil was discovered in Daqing, China. At that time, it was a state secret and it was strictly forbidden to spread abroad. However, by analyzing the news reports and pictures about the oil war published in our newspaper and their documents in the northeast of China, the Japanese inferred important information such as where and how much oil China exploited. This is adopted (). Information reasoning. Method and methodology belong to two different categories in (). epistemological

27. The reason for changing the motion state of an object is (). A force.

28. The effective measure to truly standardize the academic behavior of college teachers is (). Purify the academic environment

29. Obeying personal interests () is an essential ideology and morality for scientific researchers. The interests of the country and the people

30. The emergence of axiomatic method led to the emergence of the first theoretical morphological science in the history of science-(). Euclidean geometry

3 1. In the grey system method, the reference sequence and comparison sequence for comparative analysis through geometric figures refer to (). Intuitive analysis

32. The grey linear programming method of linear programming is a commonly used method in (). operational research

33. When choosing a topic for scientific research, you should choose a topic according to your major. The so-called major here refers to (). B's advantages in scientific research

34. The factor that determines the development of people's ability is (). acquired disposition

35. A document that prints knowledge information on a material carrier refers to (). Printed literature

36. The later stage of scientific research is the material sorting stage, and the following items do not belong to the main task of this stage (). Formulation of research direction of D project

37. Scientific research ethics not only has the function of coordinating the relationship between people, individuals and groups, but also has the function of coordinating the relationship between (). Man and nature. In the objective conditions of scientific research, () is the most important. Message 39. The fundamental way for researchers to improve their moral cultivation is (). D. Scientific research and innovative practice

40. The most basic code of conduct for researchers' morality refers to (). Serve the people heart and soul.

4 1. The great spiritual strength of researchers who have grown up and made great achievements in scientific research is a powerful spiritual pillar to overcome cutting-edge scientific research topics, that is, (). Noble moral cultivation

42. Scientific research topics include determining research () and selecting research topics. C direction

43. The selection of scientific research topics must start from (), and don't aim too high. Your own actual situation. Scientific literacy attaches importance to the relationship between the three. C. science, technology and society

45. Scientific research methods were gradually created and developed in (), and constantly improved with the development of science and technology. Exercise 46. The general goal of science education is (). Cultivate people with scientific literacy

47. Scientific methods can be divided into three levels: special research methods in various natural sciences, general research methods in various natural sciences and universal philosophical methods. The research object and scope of different levels of methods are different. Among the three levels of scientific methods, the emphasis is (a) the second level of scientific methodology and the third level of specialized research methods. P84A Level II Scientific Methodology and Level III Special Research Method 48. Scientific research is based on literature and (). Empirical fact

49. The Association for Science and Technology is a legal person organization composed of scientific and technical personnel according to their professional fields and registered with relevant government departments through necessary procedures. The following do not belong to the scientific association (). P 1 1D disciplinary science society 50. Lin Xingzhai studied Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q in a systematic way, and successfully solved the complex mystery of Ah Q's image, using (). B transplantation method 5 1. Thesis defense is a necessary procedure for (). Quantitative detection method

52. Li Zhengmin used the entropy law and dissipative structure theory for reference to study the law of literary development, and put forward a new viewpoint of "the law of literary dispersion" and the division of the history of ancient Chinese literature, which was applied by (). Transplant method

53. "Finally, please allow me to repeat …" is a common expression in international academic conferences. D end statement

54. "I will answer your questions as follows …" is a common expression in international academic conferences. Reply statement

55. "In our paper, we put forward a new method (novel structure) ... which is a common phrase in international academic conferences. Content statement 56. Marx's economic works () profoundly expounded the insurmountable and cyclical nature of the economic crisis under capitalist conditions, and pointed out the truth that capitalism is bound to perish. Capital

57. At present, one of the most commonly used literature retrieval methods is (). Method for searching by using search reference books

58. At present, () in general system method has become the theoretical basis of system identification. Black box method 59. The first year of the promulgation and implementation of the Outline of the Action Plan for National Scientific Literacy refers to (). D2006 60。 People's noble moral quality comes from (). A social practice 6 1. People's self-confidence comes from sublimity (). Ideal 62 points. The earliest human research method is (). D observation method

63. People's cognitive, will, belief, self-confidence, yearning and ideal, goal, temperament, personality and other psychological characteristics are collectively referred to as (). D psychological quality 64. People are essentially (). Natural animals

65. In order to make the paper coherent, it is necessary to make the full text have a running line, which is the () of the paper. A theme

66. A series of irreversible changes in the genetic material of part or the whole biological population caused by the interaction between organisms and their living environment refers to (). organic evolution

67. The first principle of experimental design is (). Except for the observation factors, all the conditions that affect the effect indicators should be as same as possible in the experimental group and the control group, and have high comparability, so as to exclude the influence of mixed factors and make scientific conclusions about the items observed in the experiment. Control principle

68. The topic is the topic, and the choice of the topic is very important, which has a very important influence on the experimental results. The following can't be medical research object is (). inorganic matter

69. Responsible for schools and research institutes, and complete various teaching tasks and students' internship training; Next, we should pay attention to improving the comprehensive quality of all faculty and researchers and create various opportunities for further study and academic exchange. This means that () plays an important role in connecting the preceding with the following. Department head B 70 The format of the outline is generally similar to (B summary), and the main points, conclusions and other contents should be listed in articles. 7 1. The primary productive force that promotes human moral change refers to (b science and technology).

72. "This report contains ..., firstly, ... and secondly, ...; Finally, "is a common expression in international academic conferences (b introductory statement).

73. Through coding, the characters and images are converted into binary mathematical codes, which are recorded on carriers such as magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, magnetic drums and optical disks, and then converted into characters or images by computers for people to read, that is, (). C machine-readable literature

74. Through the quantitative analysis of words, phrases, concepts, themes, people, sentences, paragraphs, people, etc. In literature, it is a way to reveal the connotation of literature and the essence of the information it spreads more accurately, which means (). Content analysis method

75. Through the scientific abstraction that originates from reality and is higher than reality, the method of completely eliminating the interference of secondary factors in scientific thinking and making the research conditions reach or approach the idealized level refers to (). Idealized method 76. The same kind of atoms are collectively referred to as (). D element

77. In order to avoid the possibility of plagiarism or ghostwriting, quantitative detection can only reflect the level of the paper, but can't confirm the authenticity of the author, so () is necessary. thesis defence

78. After the design of the scheme is completed, it will enter the specific implementation process. Scheme design generally includes theoretical type and () two categories. D experiment 79. The word "literature" has a long history and appeared as early as () in China. B spring and autumn 80. There is a certain gap between China's science education and foreign countries, which should be improved and strengthened (). D technical education 8 1. A famous scholar in Song Dynasty once pointed out: "If you have doubts about reading, you must argue. People who don't make arguments just can't understand doubts! " bright red

82. Following the theory of "residual control" published in the 1960s, Professor Deng Julong, a Chinese scholar, formally put forward a method to deal with and study practical problems with incomplete information by using mathematical models in the early 1980s. This refers to the theory (). Grey system

83. The narrow sense of quality refers to the innate characteristics of human physiology, also known as talent, which mainly refers to the characteristics of nervous system, sensory organs and motor organs, among which the characteristics of () are particularly important. D brain 84. Among the following options, () is not a feature of unhealthy trends in scientific research. C one-time 85. The following options that belong to the literature survey method are (). C specific methods of topic selection 86. Which of the following is not the principle of research design ()? Principle of uniqueness. Among the following substances, the most microscopic is (). D quark

88. Which of the following is not the pillar of lifelong education () put forward in the report "Education-Wealth among them" submitted by the Education Committee of the International 2 1 Century to UNESCO? Learn to survive. Among the following items, () is a common expression in international academic conferences. Opening speech. Among the following items, the one that does not belong to the general steps of academic conference report is (). B read the full text 9 1. Among the following items, the one that is not in the form of reading notes is (). Full text 92. In the following, does not belong to the type of patent application is (). P 190A food patent

93. Among the theories listed below, () is not a series of emerging disciplines born since the 1940s. D drama creation theory 94. The most important basic step of academic paper writing needs to occupy about two-thirds of the total class hours, that is to say (). A set of materials and the first draft 95. The formation of the personality and style of academic works requires researchers to have a keen artistic sensibility, which is the premise of (). Literary studies

96. As a scientific concept, information was formally and clearly put forward and systematically studied, starting with the emergence and development of (). 1 Shennong's information theory

97. The purpose of writing the outline of the report of the Society Meeting is (). C provides key information for listeners. 98. The transplant method in the topic selection method was the scientific method of () at the earliest. B natural

99. Aristotle put forward the theoretical hypothesis of scientific knowledge system and created the corresponding logical tool-(). C axiomatic method 10 1. When using () to select a topic, first of all, we should pay attention to confirm whether it belongs to the same category or the same condition and relationship. C comparison method

102. It is one of the core contents of algebra to express the value of the unknown with letter symbols and solve various algebraic equations, that is, (). P8C algebra 103. Journal papers, research reports, dissertations, government publications and other original documents written based on the author's own research results refer to (). Original documents

104. The mathematical research method based on mathematical theory refers to (). B mathematical method 105. The subject that takes scientific methods as the research object is called (). scientific methodology

106. The direct way to create an academic atmosphere is also the way to achieve the most immediate effect, that is, (). Academic lectures

107. Because the computer can't recognize the original document, it is necessary to convert the relevant document into digital form when using the computer to process the document information-this process is called (B coding).

108. Generally speaking, many achievements in subject research are introduced in the form of (). P 190C scientific papers 109. How a person's psychological quality is shaped by (). B ling 1 10. The soul of a nation's progress is (). P37A Innovation

1 1 1. Using mathematical analysis methods, the empirical materials related to the research system are processed and summarized, and the mathematical expressions or specific algorithms reflecting the quantitative relationship and motion law of objects are obtained. Then combined with the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the system, the mathematical model is solved, and the obtained mathematical solution is discussed in depth and in line with the reality, so as to make evaluation and explanation, and form judgment and foresight of the problem. This means (). the axiomatic method

1 12. A form of discussion organized by academic institutions to conduct extensive academic exchanges on research topics of common concern or interest in a certain field or topic, aiming at providing a collective discussion, fully expressing personal views and improving together for fellow scholars, that is, (). D academic conference

1 13. Let statistics (sample indicators) represent parameters (overall indicators). In addition to reducing errors through random sampling, repeating experiments is another basic method to ensure the reliability of experimental results, which is another basic principle of experimental design (). Repetition principle

1 14. To study the untitled poems of Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, () analysis method should be adopted. B psychological criticism and formal criticism mode 1 15. Using the theory and method of mathematical statistics to design, so as to reduce the sampling error and eliminate the system error, that is to say (). C statistical design 1 16. In China, there has long been a saying that "two heads are better than one", which shows that people have a long-standing understanding of the meaning of (D cooperation). 1 17. In the incentive mechanism, () plays an important and main role. Material incentive

1 18. The research group that has formed a unique academic style and achieved important results refers to (). P 1 1D college of science

1 19. In the research and design, we should pay attention to adopting new ideas, concepts, methods and technologies as much as possible, and pay special attention to putting forward our own opinions. This is to follow the principle of (). Principles of innovation

120. while studying astronomy and physics and making great achievements, he founded modern experimental methods and applied mathematical methods to scientific research, which opened the mathematical process of modern science. Galileo

12 1. In the experimental study, it is required not only to have a control group, but also to make other non-treatment factors that may produce mixed effects as consistent as possible in each group (control group and experimental group) to maintain the balance of each group, which is (). Randomization principle

122. As an understanding reading, it requires not only a thorough and correct understanding of the nature of the literature, but also a proper evaluation of the literature by the researchers, that is, (). intensive reading

123. As the sum of the behavioral norms that adjust the relationship between people, individuals and collectives, and society, it refers to (). A moral 124. Authoritative materials as theoretical arguments, such as Marxist-Leninist classics, refer to (). P237A theoretical data 125. Books and papers with sufficient references (). P237B academic materials

126. The correct research method is to determine the correct () for scientific and technological research. B research route 127. The alternation of day and night and the change of seasons are related to (). The earth revolves around the sun once a year, rotating 128. Zhou Xian explained Li Shangyin's Untitled Poem by psychoanalysis, revealing the deep psychological mystery that had never been talked about before, and used (). Transplant method

129. In practice, the Dujiangyan water conservancy project built by Li Bing, the satrap of Qin State during the Warring States Period in China, was treated according to syndrome differentiation by Chinese medicine, which is the best example of using (). C system viewpoint

130. The study of cultivated strains in the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine is classified as () discipline. D medicinal plants 13 1. When choosing a topic, we should look for () from the existing research results. Weak link 132. The core of scientific literacy is (a). A understand the attitude, value and spirit of science 133. Aristotle is a student of (C). Plato

134. Granting exclusive status for a limited time means (a) patent 135. The general name of human cognition, will and belief. (4) Psychological quality 136. As the sum of behavioral norms between people, individuals and collectives.