1, Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude: Confucius believes that every student has different talents and abilities, so teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is necessary. He advocates adopting different teaching methods and contents according to the differences of students' intelligence, personality and interests, so as to give full play to students' advantages and potentials.
2. Heuristic teaching: Confucius advocated heuristic teaching, that is, to stimulate students' initiative and creativity by guiding students to think and explore. He believes that teachers should guide students to study and think independently by asking questions, discussing and analyzing cases, and cultivate students' independent thinking ability and problem-solving ability.
3. Practical teaching: Confucius pays attention to practical teaching, that is, through practical operation and experience, students can deepen their understanding and mastery of knowledge. He advocates that students experience the application and practice of knowledge through practice, experiment and social practice, so as to deepen their understanding and mastery of knowledge.
Step by step: Confucius believes that teaching should be carried out step by step, that is, according to the difficulty of knowledge itself and students' cognitive ability. He advocates starting from the foundation and gradually deepening the difficulty and breadth, so that students can gradually master knowledge and skills. This teaching principle is also widely used in modern education, emphasizing the matching degree between students' cognitive ability and knowledge difficulty.
Confucius' political thought;
1. The thought of ruling by virtue: it is the core of Confucius' political thought, and advocates governing society through moral education, so that people can abide by moral norms wholeheartedly. The origin of this thought is related to Confucius' understanding of human nature. He believes that people are born with good nature, and moral education is to make people carry forward good and abandon evil through guidance and encouragement. The core idea of rule by virtue is people-oriented, emphasizing individual self-improvement and social harmony and stability.
2. Rule by courtesy: This is another important aspect of Confucius' political thought. He believes that etiquette is the cornerstone of governing the country, and social order and harmony are maintained by observing etiquette norms. The ideological basis of rule by courtesy is to respect tradition and advocate etiquette and social hierarchical order. In Confucius' view, ceremony is the foundation of social order, which stipulates people's behavior norms in family, social and political life. At the same time, the ceremony also reflects the respect and inheritance of traditional culture.
3. People-oriented thought: it is the third important aspect of Confucius' political thought. He believes that the essence of politics is to serve the people. People-oriented thought embodies Confucius' benevolence thought, emphasizing that the government should pay attention to people's livelihood, respect public opinion and protect people's rights and interests.
In Confucius' view, the people are the foundation of the country, and only by paying attention to the interests of the people can we achieve social stability and development. He advocated that the government should take people's welfare as its own responsibility, respect public opinion and listen to people's suggestions and criticisms. At the same time, the people-oriented thought also emphasizes the protection of human rights and freedoms.