Interview with David Shen, Director of Education Department of Jiangsu Province and Director of Editorial Board of National Public Sacrifice Reader for Victims of Nanjing Massacre.
Zhao Jian Chunmiao Zhicong
Starting from this year, 65438+February 65438+March every year is the national public holiday day for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre. With the guidance and support of jiangsu provincial party committee, the provincial government and the Ministry of Education, the education departments of Jiangsu Province and Nanjing City organized and compiled the National Public Sacrifice Reader for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre.
■ Reporter Zhao Jianchun and Miao Zhicong
On 65438+February 1 day, the high school edition of the National Public Sacrifice Reader for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre was first published in Nanjing Jinling Middle School. In addition, the primary school edition and junior high school edition of the last public sacrifice reader were launched in Nanjing at the end of August and mid-June respectively, 1 1, and the reader has entered the classrooms of primary and secondary schools in Jiangsu. This is the first set of history books in China that specifically tells the historical truth of the Nanjing Massacre and combines classroom teaching. A few days ago, our reporter interviewed David Shen, secretary of the Education Working Committee of jiangsu provincial party committee, director of the Provincial Department of Education, and director of the editorial board of the National Public Sacrifice Reader for Victims of the Nanjing Massacre, to explore the story behind the compilation and use of the reader and the significance of its publication.
The establishment of the National Day of Public Sacrifice for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre is an important commemorative activity to call on Chinese people not to forget history and to reflect the national will and national will.
China Education News reporter: Based on what background and purpose, the education departments of Jiangsu Province and Nanjing City decided to compile and publish the National Public Sacrifice Reader for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre?
David Shen: At present, all countries in the world will take measures at the national level to commemorate the events that caused great national sacrifice in history. The Nanjing Massacre is a historical fact recognized by the whole world, and it is a brutal massacre of the people of China by Japanese imperialism. Over 40 days, more than 300,000 compatriots were massacred, which is not only a tragedy in the history of China, but also a tragic scene in the history of mankind. Nanjing has not forgotten this history, and neither has the Chinese nation. Regrettably, nearly 70 years after the end of World War II, there are still some wrong words and deeds in Japan, such as visiting the Yasukuni Shrine, denying or even beautifying the history of Japanese militaristic aggression, and denying the Nanjing Massacre. The perverse actions of Japanese extreme right forces naturally aroused strong indignation and resolute opposition from the international community, including China.
On February 27th this year, the Seventh Session of the 12th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) decided to designate 65438+February 65438+March as the national day of public sacrifice for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre. In order to cooperate with the national public sacrifice activities of the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, the education departments of Jiangsu Province and Nanjing City organized relevant experts and front-line teachers in history, education, literature, politics and psychology in the province to carefully compile the National Public Sacrifice Reader for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre. This will not only help to show other countries the historical sources of China's international claims, but also help the world to understand the real historical facts, support the country's position on specific international issues, and help young students to accurately realize that the establishment of the National Day of Public Sacrifice for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre is a major commemorative activity to call on the people of China not to forget history and reflect the will of the country.
We hope to help young students understand the true face of Japanese militarism by compiling the Public Sacrifice Reader. Although the victory of the world anti-fascist war has been nearly 70 years, there is always a far-right force in the world to reverse the case of Nazism and militarism. Under various banners, denying the existence of the Nanjing Massacre and beautifying the history of the war of aggression run counter to world peace, human conscience and historical progress.
We hope to strengthen the young students' sense of hardship and the spirit of self-improvement by compiling the Public Sacrifice Reader. Organizing the compilation of public sacrifice books can make the history of the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese invaders enter more primary and secondary schools, truly show the history of national suffering to students through the national education system, and help young students fully understand the historical trauma brought by the Nanjing Massacre to the people of China, establish a correct historical consciousness, and form a correct value orientation and a positive attitude towards life in a correct understanding of the relationship between people and society; It is helpful for young students to enhance their sense of national identity and responsibility in identifying with the excellent cultural traditions of the Chinese nation; It is helpful for young students to clearly realize that only by making the country rich and strong and rejuvenating the nation can the Chinese nation stand among the nations of the world.
By presenting the characters, events and phenomena in the historical event of the Nanjing Massacre, The Reader of Public Sacrifice strives to ensure the objectivity, impartiality, comprehensiveness and accuracy of its contents.
China Education News reporter: How did you handle and accurately grasp the relationship between history and value orientation in the process of compiling the Public Sacrifice Reader?
David Shen: "Forgetting history is tantamount to betrayal". Governments all over the world attach great importance to the research and education of their own national history, because through history education, teenagers can understand their own national history, cultivate their sense of national identity, cultivate patriotism and national spirit, establish a correct view of history and adhere to the correct political direction. For this reason, in the process of compiling the Reader of Public Sacrifice, we always insisted on explaining the historical event of Nanjing Massacre with Marxist historical materialism, especially insisting on the scientificity and objectivity of historical facts.
We adhere to the principles of scientificity, objectivity, ideology and humanity. More than 10 experts from various disciplines who participated in the compilation of "Public Sacrifice Reader" came from universities, research institutes and memorial halls for victims of the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese invaders. They carefully planned and designed the editing structure, story selection, language expression, classroom teaching and activity arrangement, and repeatedly reviewed the relevant historical facts and viewpoints involved in the Public Sacrifice Reader. The Book of Public Sacrifice strives to present the characters, events and phenomena in the historical event of Nanjing Massacre truly and objectively, so as to ensure the objectivity, impartiality, comprehensiveness and accuracy of the contents of the Book of Public Sacrifice, and truly achieve the unity of science and objectivity.
At the same time, the compilation of "Public Sacrifice Reader" also adheres to the accurate orientation of history education, the correct ideological orientation and value judgment, and promotes the organic unity of knowledge, ideology and humanity. Through the compilation and use of the Book of Public Sacrifice, young students are guided to correctly handle the relationship between history and reality, and correct value judgments are integrated into the narrative and evaluation of history, firmly establishing the core concept of "remembering history, cherishing peace, not forgetting national humiliation and realizing the Chinese dream".
China Education News reporter: As a course, how to make the Book of Public Sacrifice suitable and convenient for young students to learn?
David Shen: The whole writing process of the Book of Public Sacrifice is always based on the cognitive characteristics of young students. According to the different age, psychological and cognitive characteristics of primary school, junior high school and senior high school students, the adaptability is reflected from the aspects of content selection, elaboration method and activity design, and it is gradual. Memories of Blood and Fire in Primary School takes the time sequence as the clue, adopts the narrative mode of "taking time as the line, combining point with surface", takes the key figures in the historical events of Nanjing Massacre as the breakthrough point, and focuses on introducing the basic historical facts of Nanjing Massacre in the form of stories, so as to guide primary school students to initially form a correct historical cognition and understanding of national public sacrifices, not forgetting national humiliation and cherishing peace. The historical truth of junior high school takes the historical development of major historical facts as the main line, emphasizing the point-by-point presentation of historical truth, helping students to form a correct historical understanding and understand the significance of setting up a national public holiday day on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of historical facts. On the other hand, the warning thinking in senior high school takes major historical events as the main line, and directly shows historical materials to students through several themes, giving them some thinking space and letting them explore and think for themselves. For the problems you care about, you can draw a correct conclusion only by knowing the historical facts.
Starting from different students' cognitive level, from the perspective of being close to students, combined with specific historical facts, students' enthusiasm for learning can be stimulated in many ways.
China Education News reporter: What measures will Jiangsu Province take to give full play to the role of "public sacrifice books" in school education and ensure that "public sacrifice books" enter the classroom to the greatest extent?
David Shen: The Book of Public Sacrifice is the first set of history books devoted to the historical truth of the Nanjing Massacre in China and combined with classroom teaching, and it is also a useful attempt to construct the local curriculum of school history education in our province. The Ministry of Education attaches great importance to the compilation of the Book of Public Sacrifice, recommends experts to participate in the examination and approval of the Book of Public Sacrifice, and puts forward guiding opinions on the application of the Book of Public Sacrifice. In order to implement the "Public Sacrifice Reader" in classroom work, we have distributed the "Public Sacrifice Reader" to all primary and secondary schools in the province free of charge for students to recycle. Now Nanjing is opening an open class to train teachers.
This year, from 12 to 13, the primary and secondary schools in the province will arrange four hours of centralized teaching among the fifth, second and second grade students. We require all schools to establish a curriculum team with the participation of teaching departments and moral education departments, improve the management mechanism of curriculum research, teaching innovation and activity organization, and ensure the implementation of personnel, class hours, activities, objectives and evaluation. Local teaching and research departments should also organize teaching research in time, give targeted guidance to school teaching and activities, provide necessary support for "public sacrifice books" to enter the classroom, and encourage schools to actively strengthen both inside and outside the school.
In teaching, we require schools and teachers to scientifically plan the teaching time and activity process based on the public sacrifice books and the activities of the national public sacrifice day, especially from the cognitive level of different students, close to the students' perspective, combined with specific historical facts, to stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, cultivate students' awareness of problems and guide students to actively participate in learning activities. In order to ensure the teaching effect, the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and the Nanjing Municipal Education Bureau will also organize special training for history teaching and research staff in primary and secondary schools to ensure that every teacher can master the contents, teaching methods and ways of the Public Sacrifice Reader.
History cannot be repeated, but the future can be created. We also require schools to carry out colorful teaching activities such as classroom discussion, story meeting, social investigation, visiting patriotic education bases, visiting historical sites, interviewing historical witnesses, watching and discussing historical film and television works, editing historical newspapers and holding small-scale historical exhibitions, etc., so as to guide students from in-class learning to extracurricular learning, from reading learning to various ways of learning and expanding, and constantly improve the teaching effect. Local education authorities will actively coordinate local museums, memorial halls and other relevant institutions and personnel to provide necessary external social resources support for the use of public sacrifice books.
After one year, we will evaluate the use effect of the public sacrifice reader and further improve it.
Remember the history, cherish the memory of the martyrs, cherish peace and warn the future. By compiling and using the Book of Public Sacrifice for Heroes, the vast number of young people in the province can truly understand and realize the history of suffering brought by the war to the people of China and the people of the world, understand the hard-won peace, unite the consensus of not forgetting the national humiliation and rejuvenating China, and start from their own small things, so as to create something worthy of their ancestors and history in the new historical journey of realizing national prosperity, national rejuvenation and people's happiness.