Problem description:
Including the author
Analysis:
Children's interests
Text discussion
First, the overall grasp
The theme of this paper is the author's childhood "interest outside things". Although "interest outside things" is not owned by things themselves, it is related to things. It is the result of the subjective experience of the viewer acting on things, and it can also be said that things generate interest. Mosquitoes and insects in the grass mentioned in the article are very small things, which can arouse children's curiosity and imagination, and interest is thus generated.
At the beginning, the author said that he had excellent eyesight when he was a child, and then pointed out the main idea of the article. "Open your eyes to the sun" means that your eyes can withstand strong light. "Clear eyes" means excellent eyesight and being able to see small things clearly. With such good eyesight, coupled with the hobby of "seeing small things, we must carefully examine their texture", we can find "the interest outside things" This is a summary, only 32 words, concise and visible. The following points are described.
In summer, mosquitoes turn into thunder, which makes people miserable, but the young author is whimsical and imagines it as a moving picture of "cranes dancing in the air", and he is fascinated. Later, he thought of the "Yun Zhonghe Map" he had seen before, so he "left the mosquitoes in the vegetarian account and smoked them to fly". As a result, he really saw such a picture. This is a picture magnified by imagination, which shows the spontaneous aesthetic consciousness in a child's innocent mind. This is a ...
Secondly, the author lived in the city when he was young, and he was eager to see the natural scenery, so he used his imagination to realize his wish. He imagined the uneven walls in the garden and the bushes on the flower beds as Woods, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, small raised clods as hills and small sunken clods as ravines, which provided him with a free and broad world where he could enjoy the scenery of "nature". One day, there were two insects fighting in the grass-in the young author's imagination, it turned into two wild animals fighting in the Woods, which made him particularly fascinated; Unexpectedly, a "monster" came to the mountain. Stick out your tongue and swallow the two animals together. The young author was scared to death; When I woke up and the illusion disappeared, I found that the "monster" was just a frog. He was angry, but he didn't want to hurt it. He just used whipping to show his punishment-what is the whip made of? The article didn't explain, maybe it was a twig. He punished the frog, which may be revenge for two bugs, but from the perspective of "driving away from the hospital", the main reason was to destroy his aesthetic taste.
The author uses the phrase "interest outside things" to control the above two things, which is intended to show that he had spontaneous aesthetic consciousness and interest when he was young.
Second, the problem research
Shen Fu's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" has a chapter about "leisure", which mainly records the author's love for flowers and trees when he grows up and the trivia of beautifying the room and surrounding environment with his wife after marriage. I only remember the first paragraph of childhood anecdotes, so I am relatively independent, and I am quite unique in describing children's psychological process of looking at things, which is worth studying.
The young author thought of "cranes dancing in the air" from the flying of mosquitoes, which is the so-called similar association; Thinking of "Yun Zhonghe" is close to association. This latter association prompted him to imitate, so he "left mosquitoes in the vegetarian tent and let them fly with smoke", and then carefully observed that "fruit is like a crane in a cloud", which is the illusion of the young author, but it is also the goal he pursues-this is a very beautiful picture and worth pondering.
The section on insect watching is similar to the above process. "Taking shrubs as forests, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, protruding mud and gravel as hills and depressions as valleys" all belong to similar associations, and the appearance of "behemoth" is also an illusion; Differences are the cause of this illusion. At this moment, the young author has been completely intoxicated in the realm of his own association, and the real thing in front of him has been magnified ten million times, and the frog suddenly appeared. In contrast, it naturally becomes a "monster." This illusion was suddenly produced by strong * * * in a very short time, which is different from the intention of "Yun Zhonghe".
Attention should be paid to cultivating students' association and imagination, which can not only improve students' ability to read and appreciate literary works, but also be of great benefit to students' memory and creative thinking ability.
Practice note
Read the text aloud and tell me in my own words how I saw the scene of "Yun Zhonghe" and met the "monster". Why does the author say that these two things are "interesting foreign objects"? How do you think you can become a person with rich interests?
The purpose of setting questions is to let students perceive the whole content of the text and learn classical Chinese vividly. All narratives should let students retell the main idea in their own words, which is one of the ways to learn to live; If you learn classical Chinese from the beginning, it is tantamount to blocking the way of learning. Teachers should affirm the elements of students' creative retelling in the process of guidance and only correct obvious mistakes.
The first question should be answered after the students have basically recited it (see "Text Discussion" for the reference answer), and teachers should be good at inspiring students to tell their own experiences.
The second question is open, aiming at arousing students' initiative in learning and arousing their aesthetic consciousness. We can stimulate and cultivate students' interest, association and imagination from students' extracurricular hobbies.
Second, explain the words.
1. The meanings of some classical Chinese words can be explained by adding words, such as "Be sure to carefully (carefully) examine (observe) their texture"; Some need to be explained in another word, such as "hold your head high". Try to choose a method to explain the words added in the following sentences. (1) Xiang Qiang (2) Fruit is like a cloud crane (3) Grass is a forest (4) Prosperity is strong (5) Ecstasy (6) Drive away the other courtyard.
2. The following words are mostly preserved as idioms in modern Chinese, so you might as well explain them by telling the general idea. Example: Be happy.
(1) keen observation, (2) complacency, (3) monsters, (4) summer mosquitoes turn into thunder.
The purpose of the topic is to tell students that they can explain classical Chinese words in simple ways and eliminate their fear of difficulties. This is the only way to learn classical Chinese at first, but it is not good to talk too much. Explanations can be copied and accumulated in books.
There are many ways to deal with this problem: or let students read the text several times and try to solve it; Or in the process of dredging the meaning of the text; In a better teaching class, there is no harm in letting students do answers in preview.
Reference answer
1.( 1) item (neck, neck) is the strongest. (2) Fruit is like a crane in a cloud.
(3) Forest with shrub grass (4) Strong interest.
(5) Fang (Zheng) lost his mind (6) drove (drove, fired) the other hospital.
2.( 1) Pay attention to observation (see "Understanding the Meaning")
(2) Feel at ease (see "Notes")
Monster (huge thing)
(4) Mosquitoes thunder in summer (in summer, swarms of mosquitoes sound like thunder, which is an exaggerated expression)
translate
I recall that when I was young, I could look straight at the sun with my eyes wide open and my eyesight was excellent. Every time I meet something small, I have to observe its texture carefully, so I can often feel the happiness beyond the thing itself.
On summer nights, mosquitoes make thunderous calls. I compare them to cranes flying in the air. When I think about it, there are really hundreds of white cranes ahead. Looking up at them, even the neck became stiff. I left a few mosquitoes in the white curtain, slowly spraying smoke, making them fly and screaming at the smoke, forming a picture of a white crane in Qingyun, which really made me feel very happy.
I often squat down where the earth wall is uneven and where there are flowers and plants, so that my body is as high as the table. I regard bushes as trees, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, the protruding parts of clods as hills, and the sunken parts as gullies. I am happy and satisfied with my imaginary journey in this realm.
One day, I saw two bugs fighting in the grass. I squatted down to observe. I am very interested. Suddenly, a huge beast came from the mountain and fell from the tree. It turned out to be a frog. When its tongue spit out, it ate both bugs. At that time, I was still very young, so fascinated that I couldn't help but exclaim. When he came to his senses, he caught the frog, whipped it dozens of times and drove it to other yards.