The relationship between hip-hop and Trip-Hop

The relationship between Trip-Hop and Hip-Hop is just like the three forms/means of Trip-Hop taken from Hip-Hop music and changed through experiments. The reason why the word music is specially added after Hip-Hop here is to show that the word is taken from Hip-Hop music, not Hip-Hop culture.

In fact, hip-hop culture also includes costumes, hip-hop music, street dance, graffiti and so on. Trip-Hop only borrows three musical forms from Hip-Hop: beat, disc scraping and rap. However, the lyrics that reflect the close relationship between life and politics in Hip-Hop music (including teasing or satirizing current politics, or being funny or critical) have not been used.

In order to illustrate the reference and change of Trip-Hop to Hip-Hop's musical techniques, the following are two representative orchestras before 1995, which are also my favorite. These two bands are DJ Krush and Mass Attack. The word "Trip-Hop" was added before the orchestra, because before 1994 and 1995, the word "Trip-Hop" had not been widely publicized by magazines. Next, like an autopsy, we will talk about beat, disc scraping and rap respectively.

1. Change of beat:

DJ Krush and Massive Attack were also the first two artists who were interested in slow rhythm in hip-hop music.

Because before that, the BPM of all recognized electronic music types was greater than 90. So it happened that one day the Japanese and some British people were hit in the head by a mango at the same time, and they had a whim: "Why not get one below 90BPM to play?" What will it be like? Is it KFC or McDonald's? "

But both of them are going the same way, and both of them are further reducing the BPM without considering the speed increase. This is also one of the important differences between DJ Krush and Massive Attack, two artists, and the Trip-Hop Orchestra after 95 years. After 1995, most Trip-Hop bands that released records began to slow down or speed up the beat of Hip-Hop, not just slow down.

After 95 years, the music genre "Trip-Hop" began to be widely publicized by the media, and was later named as "post-Trip-Hop" by the media. It is estimated that half of the orchestras are probably unwilling to admit that they are "Trip-Hop" orchestras, because all orchestras in the world are unwilling to admit that they are a single type of orchestra, and only two orchestras are willing, one is the originator of this type, and the other is very fond of this type of orchestra. Because a genre is recognized, what you play next will continue the old path of your predecessors. Your things have a concept first, and with an inherent model, they will also bind themselves. Therefore, almost all the later bands hope to play more tricks on the road of their predecessors, and the main music form of their predecessors may be only one of them, not all.

Therefore, after 1995, Trip-Hop orchestra stopped blindly reducing BPM, but began to appropriately increase BPM or occasionally reduce it, but it was still less than other electronic music types. The slow pace is still there, and the sense of heaviness is gone, let alone what is dark and deep. Therefore, the things made by the multi-gluten band feel lighter than those made by the less-gluten band, but they still belong to the category of slow beat, so some music critics who are tired of eating Mexican chicken rolls have come up with a word to call it: Downtempo, and as for the most advanced light form, it is called Chill Out.

If we only define it narrowly from darkness, we can describe it like this:

Dark wave or dark environment: the core of darkness

Trip-Hop: It is dominated by darkness, but it is not enough compared with dark waves.

Downtempo: the comparative level down tempo:Trip-Hop Trip-Hop, it feels lighter, and the dark feeling has faded.

Chillout: the highest level of trip-hop, good relaxation, good sofa, good summer, good ice cream! Darkness? Where does the darkness come from? I just feel relaxed now, and I have to take a shower later, yeah!

Therefore, beat is one of the important manifestations of Trip-Hop, but it should never be the purpose. It doesn't mean that slowing down is Trip-Hop, but it depends on whether the overall atmosphere pays attention to darkness. If what you knock out makes people feel depressed, depressed and decadent, people will say, "I was very happy, why am I in a bad mood after listening to your things?" Congratulations, what you made feels a bit like jumping. Of course, it doesn't rule out that what you make is really bad enough to make people feel depressed with you.

Introduction chapter of hip-hop incomplete manual

HIP-Hop literally means hip, and Hop means jumping. In fact, it is actually a general term for life culture. Hip-Hop includes dancing, DJ, MC (a person who performs tongue twisters with a very rhythmic rhythm at MC), graffiti (street graffiti) and cool black-headed costumes. It is the spirit of going deep into the black life culture. It combines black language, music, dance, lifestyle and so on.

Hip-Hop is regional and can be divided into new york style and LA style. Things in these two regions show a polarized style. For example, N.Y Style is the style in which we usually see the body twisted and all kinds of street dances are connected in series. Perhaps new york is Henry's base camp, so naturally, the hip-hop style in this area is more inclined to Henry's style. Plus primitive dance and strange body distortion, as well as the assembly strings of lock (lock dance), Poping (machine dance) and Wave (electric current), it is not difficult to imagine that it is a leisure style of black people. The L.A.-style Hip-Hop inherits MC Hammer and the hip-hop popular in bobby brown. The variability of big movements and big steps has also maintained its explosive characteristics, but many new tricks have been added to the changes of movements. Because Hip-Hop is divided into these two factions, many dancers or magazine media no longer call them Hip-Hop dances. They call N.Y Style's new hip-hop school, while L.A Style's hip-hop dance.

Some people may think that a loose T-shirt and a pair of pants that seem to fall off at any time are skateboarding style, but they are actually quite rough. Because loose clothing is one of the characteristics of hip-hop culture, and skateboarding is only a major tributary of hip-hop culture. Hip-hop culture emphasizes the central idea of "being yourself, enjoying life and being brave in challenges", which includes many different forms and activities, such as extreme sports such as skateboarding, snowboarding, surfing, acrobatic roller skating and acrobatic cycling, as well as music, MC, DJ, hip-hop, ink painting and tattoos, all of which belong to the category of hip-hop culture.

dress

In hip-hop culture, clothes are the most accessible to the public. And everyone's impression of oversized clothing is also one of the classic styles. It is said that the origin of this way of dressing is closely related to the origin of hip-hop culture. In the 1970s, hip-hop culture was developed by the so-called second-class citizens in the United States at that time, that is, blacks, Jews, Mexicans and other colored people (so some people called hip-hop culture a subculture). At that time, the economic situation of colored people in the United States was not as good as that of whites, but more children were born than whites. In order to prevent these fast-growing children from undressing too quickly, they often buy T-shirts of a larger size, which can not only be worn for a long time, but also be passed down from generation to generation, so that their younger brothers can wear their older brothers' old clothes. Coupled with the Hip-Hop cultural movement, loose clothes are much more convenient, so it has evolved into a well-known plus-size dress. However, generosity is not the whole picture of hip-hop, and there are differences after careful analysis. Friends who play skateboard like to wear skateboard shoes, which are more handy and resistant to skateboarding. Clothes with skateboarding brands, such as DVS, PTS and VOLCOM, are well-known brands in skateboarding sporting goods; Hip-hop dancers prefer to wear simple style sneakers of sports brands such as Nike and Adidas, showing a clean and neat style. It is even said that Adidas shoes are mostly loved by dancers who play floor movements. Street clothing brands include well-known ESDJ, Tribe and Joker. Tommy hilfiger, POLO Sport, Nautica and sports brands Nike and Adidas are also popular brands among dancers. However, there are styles that distinguish old schools from new schools, styles of east coast and west coast, and so on. If you want to know clearly, maybe you will have a clearer concept by going to a street clothing store.

scribble

That is, street graffiti is common in alleys, subways and subway stations in secondary residential areas in the United States. Painters paint on the wall with spray paint to express their thoughts or ideas or divide the territory by gangs; Originated in the late 1960s, it gradually became a street art, but most of the go-vern ment units were considered unsightly, so the inkjet printer often lived a life of playing hide-and-seek with pol.ice, or painted on the iron gates of their own or friends' shops.

DJ and MC (music program host &; Master of ceremonies)

DJ refers to the operator who plays the record player. Of course, just playing CDs is not enough. Only with a good sense of pitch and rhythm can we mix two different songs beautifully. A higher skill is Scratch, which is called scraping records to make sharp sound effects; Don't think that as long as you grind your fingers on the record, you should also consider the beat of the song and create changeable sound effects to effectively drive the dancers' emotions. The style of DJ can also be seen from the type of music that DJ likes. Generally speaking, most bars play electronic and house style, while hip-hop DJ is less common in bars.

MC is not a good friend that a female friend visits once a month, but a master of ceremonies at a party. A good MC should be able to drive people's emotions, talk to people, create rhythms with human voices, and imitate the sounds made by machines such as drums or scratches, so it has evolved into rap skills such as rap. Therefore, MC singers mostly express their deep humanistic concern or dissatisfaction with social chaos through rap content, and communicate with the audience ideologically.

Being a DJ in San Francisco

On the west coast of the United States, people support independent music, and different artists can find their own activity space.

There are many factors for the growth of turntable in the Gulf. It is very important that large parties and people who like dancing are very popular in this area. Especially in the nearby city of DALY, many workers from Asia worked in San Francisco in the 1970s, and San Francisco became the largest gathering place for Filipinos in the United States. In the 1980s, the children of the first immigrants grew up and were called Filipino-Americans. These teenagers formed some DJ groups to communicate and perform with each other.

In local schools like Jefferson, there are many children who love HIP-HOP and form some DJ groups. They are in a good competitive state and musical atmosphere.

Herbie hancock introduced a man to people on TV. GRANDMIXER DST is not a singer, but he has a turntable. He moved the record with his fingers and made a beautiful sound back and forth through the friction between the stylus and the record. Mike, the master mixer, said, "Under his influence, I want to be a SKRATCH DJ."

Mike introduced Scrooge to two other local teenagers, Q-BERT and APOLLO. So they joined FM2. 0 this organization, began to practice SKRATCH. At that time, the DJ in new york paid attention to performing Scratch with his body, making Scratch with his forehead, chin, nose and other parts, and put the real technique, Scratch's sound change, in the second place. At that time, the DJ competition was like a gymnastics performance, and the DJ was concerned about whether the difficulty of the action was appreciated.

When Q-BERT, MIKE and APOLLO appeared as a group in the DJ competition of 199 1 to show their SKRATCH technology, other DJs had no idea how they made those sounds, and this SKRATCH sound became incredible to them. In this competition, no matter as a group or everyone's skills, they performed very well and finally won the championship. They pay attention to technology and invented many new SKRATCH, which may lack some physical movements and some clever deception movements, but many DJs have never seen this technology. Many DJs heard their SKRATCH sounds for the first time.

At that time, the environment in the bay was relatively closed. In a few years, Mike, Q-BERT and Apollo noticed some technical practices and some technical creations and inventions. Their technology is not particularly exaggerated, and their performance methods are not particularly accepted by the public, but their technology is a revolution for DJ. They named their group "West Coast Rock DJ CREW" (DJ flight attendants jumping on the West Coast). During the period of 1992- 1993, they kept the leading position in technology, won DMC DJ competitions in succession and invented some new technologies. No DJ can compare with them. The organizers of the DMC DJ competition must tell them not to come to the competition, because as long as you come, everyone will know that there is only one result in the competition, and the champion must be yours. Your performance scared other DJs, and the game became meaningless. At 1995, their combination name was finally decided as "INVISIBL SKRATCH PIKLZ". Sponsored by VESTAX, a Japanese DJ product manufacturer, the group's photos appeared on the cover of URB, an American avant-garde electronic dance magazine. As a cover story, URB called "ISP" the best DJ group in the world today. At that time, SKRATCH Turntable Band also included BEAT JUNKIES in Los Angeles, X-ECU in new york and SKRATCH Abnormal Band in London. These groups participate in DJ competitions every year, which has played a very good role in promoting the development of DJ technology. Because of the fame of San Francisco, many DJs from all over the world come here to find their own ideals. San Francisco is regarded as Mecca by DJs, a holy place worshipped by DJs. The Bay Area has become a gathering place for the best DJs in the world. DJs maintain a good relationship, and the competition in technology is fierce. This is the spirit of DJ and the turntable principle advocated by DJ.

The appearance of the turntable and Scrooge

I don't know if you have seen an advertisement for Heineken beer: in a disco bar, everyone is dancing ancient dances, and the music is slow and stiff. Suddenly, a DJ accidentally spilled beer on the record player, and he unconsciously wiped it with his fingers. Unexpectedly, the record player made a strange sound, and the speed of DJ's fingers determined the rhythm. After that, Scrooge appeared. Of course, this is a fictional advertisement, but the real situation is just as dramatic.

In the 1970s, a teenager was playing his record loudly in a room in the Bronx, new york. His mother knocked on his door and came in to ask him to turn down the volume. At this time, he held the record with his fingers and unconsciously moved the vinyl record back and forth. Hey, that sounds good. Scrooge was invented by a teenager. His name is Grand Wizard Theodore.

"So I started practicing and made this exercise SKRATCH." In a documentary about Scrooge, Grande said, "This story may sound like a myth or an accident, but it is the truth.

When hip-hop appeared in the Bronx in 1970s, DJ was the core of it. DJ Grand Wizard Theodore, KOOL·HERC, Afrika Bambata and Master Flash often put their records in wooden boxes and hold dances in streets, parties and abandoned warehouses until the police come and blow them away. This kind of party is where the DJ plays some popular songs to make everyone dance. To maintain an exciting state, you need to play one song after another without interruption. This requires one piece of music to overlap with another piece of music, and also needs to adjust the beat. It sounds like a song, and it keeps continuity. This is a remix of the original DJ. At that time, the most famous DJs in the Bronx were KOOL·HERC, Bambata and The Flash. Their names became the symbol of HIP-HOP in China and Beijing in 1970s. Whenever night falls, many teenagers gather in clubs or canteens in some factory compounds to play some games like pol.ice catching spies, which may be the earliest gathering in China!

In the Bronx, when DJs play records for their street parties, many teenagers will learn dance skills and do various movements along with the music. People call them b-boys. In China, people call this kind of dance "break dance", which has developed into today's "street dance". So some people think this is the earliest rave party.

Putting two turntables together, the DJ who created BREAK BEAT was FLASH, and FLASH claimed to have invented SKRATCH.

198 1 year, DJ BAMBAATAA recorded his first album "Death Mix", and FALSH also released a record. These records have educated and inspired many DJS, not just DJs in new york.

BAMBAATAA, FLASH, DST, the great wizards THEODORE and KOOL·HERC had a profound influence on DJ and hip-hop music in the future.

1983, DJ performed a BREAK BEAT with two turntables and joined SKRATCH, making the turntables a very popular musical instrument. At 1983 Grammy Music Awards Ceremony, DJ master D.T. was arranged to perform a turntable for people.

SKRATCH not only appears in HIP-HOP, but also in R&; B, among the most popular electronic sounds at present, hardcore, big beat and rock are all used well. In Hong Kong, where music is internationalized, DJ Ulysses cooperated with jazz bands to combine Scrooge and jazz and gave a wonderful performance.

This record changed my life, "Q-BERT said. This song is still so fresh to our San Francisco disc player and all the members of ISP, such as MIX MASTER MIKE, D-STLYS and SHORTKUT. It has always inspired me, my companions and other disc players.

1985, as the seed of the future TURNTABLIST, DJs such as Q-BERT, MIKE and APOLLO all used "PETER PIPER" in San Francisco.

Peter Piper is one of the earliest records recorded by RUN DMC. This is a vinyl record, which is very important in the history of hip-hop music.

Throughout the 1980 s, all HIPHOP records were basically made by DJ. As a musical instrument, the turntable is played by DJ, which constitutes an indispensable part of HIPHOP music.

Hip-hop slang review

First of all, of course, the word Fuck, which has the highest exposure, not only appears in rap songs, but also has become a daily language in the United States and is widely used. As we all know, the word "fuck" has the usage of "sexual intercourse", and it is also a vulgar word, which is often used to curse each other's behavior or people, and the word "fuck" can also represent anything, any animal, and can also be used as an intensifier. As long as it can swear, it conforms to the grammar of "fuck" And fucking has its own set, forming a bunch of phrases, which are introduced as follows:

The most common phrase is I don't give a fuck, which means I don't care; Fuck about or around means don't trust someone or something; Fuck off means fuck off, get out; As for not screwing up someone, it means leaving me alone and not bothering me; And what the fuck do you mean, screwed up? Of course, as mentioned above, the word Fuck can replace any verb or noun, as long as the other person can understand it. "Fuck" has a usage rule of "on earth" or "hell" for emphasis, such as "What the fuck are you doing? Or how should I fly? Sometimes it can be used with the word shit, but it is better to use it less. In addition, another word comparable to the word Fuck is shit. This word means "dung" and "excrement", and sometimes it can even refer to VIP (heroin). Its usage, like Fuck, depends on the user's hobby, but it is mostly a noun usage, which is used to curse someone for disappointing. Like Fuck, the word "shit" is often used as a phrase, but the tone is a bit heavy. Shit! How are you? Or swear, you son of a bitch! Very vulgar usage, or the words "eat my shit" and "remember me", as long as the word appears in rap songs, there is nothing good. Of course, when the word shit is used, it sometimes points to good things, and its usage is like pronouns. Like what Da shit! This shit was once referred to as a poisonous snake and a girl in rap songs. Yo! My big shit! The shit in this language refers to the baby, which means that the usage of shit is very free!

In HIP-HOP, words with numbers are often used, such as to use 2, for use 4 and aight use 9, while the Straight love part usually uses 8 as (Str 8), and new English words are composed of letters and numbers.

Money is an indispensable part of rap songs, and the most common word is cash. After all, cash is the most practical. I haven't heard of trading by check in viper trading, but in rap songs, the check (S) is also used as the code name of money. The word "bone" means "poisonous snake", but it tastes richer. Often explained by the team leader, even related to sex. In addition, because the US dollar bill is green, green has become the code name of the bill, but green also means poisonous snake. The aforementioned letter "G" also has a grand meaning.

No one can escape sexual needs, and it is inevitable to appear in rap songs. Some words are used to introduce the reproductive organs of men and women, and the act of copulation between men and women, such as sex trade for sexual needs, is described as follows.

Male genitalia, such as penis, bone, penis and dog, all refer to male important parts, while the ball refers to male testicles. Therefore, the phrase "have bones with someone" often appears in coitus phrases. Female genitalia, such as pussy (kitten, also meaning private parts), butt, bucket, etc. Words of sex between men and women, such as doggy style, doggy way (like a dog's sexual posture), freak, top-up (male and female posture), 69 stands for oral sex, and the rap group 69 boyz is named after it.

Generally, young men and women use teenagers as their address, but they also use the code name Homeboy. Another word, Homie, although it means intimate address, is mostly related to "gang" activities, but now it has become the code name of friends. Common names for men are boy, man, bro (abbreviation of brother), crew, buck, fufe, dis, etc. It's very colloquial, but it doesn't respect women's names, such as girl, bitch, sis (sister's abbreviation), prostitute, hoe, hook and so on. The last three words mean prostitute. There is also a word PHAT, pronounced with fat, which is a compliment to women. It is the abbreviation of perfection and touch, and it can be called a stunner. So the word fat originally only has the meaning of fat and beauty, and also has the meaning of "beauty". It can be seen that English grammar has changed a lot. Moreover, the word "fly" can also be said to be the code name of your arrogant brother and sister-in-law, so the rapper Missy Misdemeanor Elliott will sing Supa Dupa Fly.

Gang members, such as G for Gangstar, Gang for gun and a group of people, Crew, Bro, Hoodlum and Gink also represent gang members.

Black English in Hip Hop Music

Black English is regarded as a symbol stored by blacks for communication, and they have their own system; The cultural pattern of society is also different from that of European whites, so there are differences in pronunciation, grammar and usage, which is the first cognition to understand black English. Judging from the pronunciation, grammar and words of rap music, black English is a good way. The rapper strung together the unique characters and codes in the black area and expressed them in idioms. From their words, they can understand the social behavior in daily life. Black English combines the primitive spirit of black people with the universality of English. Through the rap of black rappers, some fonts used in white English grammar have changed. Some not only changed the pronunciation of fast words, but also simplified some conjunctions. Judging from the principle of the evolution of words in history-"from complexity to simplicity", it is much more convenient to rap with words. Rap songs are not only simplified in words, but also changed in grammar, forming a unique style, which is very different from white English. In the next part, the author will first analyze the words and pronunciations of rap songs, and then briefly introduce them from the grammar part, so that readers can understand the unique writing style of African-Americans.

Pronunciation part:

As mentioned earlier, rappers simplify spelling and writing because of the appearance of hyphens. For example, the most common thing is to change the letter at the end of er into a single "A". For example, the most sensitive word nigger is simplified as nigga, and the other word motherfucka is also simplified as uthafucka. In addition, the word player has been changed to playa. As long as the suffix is er, it can be changed to a according to this grammar.

In addition, words ending in ks or cks will also be replaced by X, because ks(cks) and X have the same pronunciation. For example, thanks is changed to thanx, and checks is also changed to chex. This usage has also become a rule. The usage of o is also very distinctive, for example, Love is changed to Luv, nothing is changed to nuthin', and the word fucken is changed to muthafucka, which also conforms to this grammar. In addition, like the s in the word, it is often changed to z, for example, cause is changed to kuz, and easy is changed to EZ. Moreover, having two grammars is not only used by blacks, but also a common law in the United States, that is, it is going to be changed to going and wanting to be changed to wanna. In addition, if out of is changed to out, kind is changed to kind, and sorta is changed to sorta, it will become a new English grammar. Words such as re or e, which are almost unheard of in fast singing, are omitted For example, more becomes mo (for example, film noir move money), for becomes fo, or the number "4" is used instead. Omitting "g" from "ing" has also become a common grammar in the United States, such as changing nothing to nuthin' and commin to commin'. G can be omitted as long as it is ing progressive. By the way, some rappers seize the advantage of speaking fast and write a long list of words together on the album. They feel that the name or song title of the album is particularly dazzling, but they all sound the same. For example, Outhern Playalistic Dialla Muzik, the first album of the rap group out kast, and D 'VoidoFPOPnigafiedMemix, the last remix of the album Bootlegs B.B. Side of ICE Cabe, are a long string, which is a headache to watch, but you will know the pronunciation and meaning after watching it several times. In addition, for example, the number of songs Wussup and LUV is what is underground with the entity of love. Although the font has changed, the pronunciation is still the same. The above is just a brief introduction, but it is the word with the highest frequency in black characters. Here, I will introduce some words that appear in rap songs and their usage. Some words can be called "vulgarity", "contempt" or "slang", but they are the most practical black words.

Hip hop terminology explanation

Hip-Hop: Hip means butt, and Hop means jumping. Hip-hop is especially from R & ampb (Rhythm and Blues), but with R&; B is completely different, emphasizing the pure dance music of D.J. Remix technique in the ballroom. In the 1980s, this kind of music added Scratch (the special effect of the stylus rubbing the record) and the street rhyme unique to the black people, forming rap music. So it can be said that Hip Hop is the predecessor of Rap, but today these two words can often be mixed, but Rap focuses on rap, while Hip Hop tends to refer to Beat.

Indie: the abbreviation of independent, which means that the record company to which the artist belongs is an independent company. Unlike the five major record companies in the world, which have a huge distribution network, they can do overall design for singers such as styling and publicity activities, because the five major record companies can provide artists with the best objective environment such as sound recording engineers and accompanists, and formulate a complete marketing plan. So they often have the ability to mold an ordinary person into a big star. More importantly, under the consideration of commercial interests, good artists under the big record companies are often forced to sacrifice some ideals and persistence. This is why die-hard rock fans spurn the strong commercial color and support some independent record companies, allowing artists to make their own albums according to their own ideals without doing a lot of commercial publicity. At present, the biggest magazines supporting Indian music in Britain and America are NME, Voice and Mirror of Records. In Britain, while SPIN, Option (Pure India), Catalog (Pure India) and The Big Takeover (a regional but highly respected magazine in new york) and so on. The main supporters of indie music are mostly college students and intellectuals. Rolling Stone, the mainstream American rock magazine, began to release college albums from 1985. Most people on the list are independent works, but