Wang Chong, Ren Zhong, a native of Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, was born in a family of farmers and vendors. He began to study at the age of six, entered the library at the age of eight, and then began to study Confucian classics and entered the university. He was dissatisfied with imperial academy's style of study and refused to strictly follow the family's teachings, so he left imperial academy. He worked as a small official twice, but because he was honest and clean, he didn't want to follow suit and finally resigned and returned to China.

His works include Ridiculous Vulgarity, Government Affairs, On Balance and Self-cultivation. But only Lun Heng has been handed down to this day, and the rest have been lost.

An obvious feature of Wang Chong's thought is his strong critical spirit. Wang Chong has several arguments in Lun Heng. First, heaven is natural. He believes that no matter whether heaven and earth are natural material entities, there is no spiritual connection between heaven and man without will. Second, everything is self-generated, and everything is one. People are also made up of vitality. The emperor is no different from ordinary people. Third, people die. Wang Chong believes that the so-called soul is the human spirit. Of course, the spirit disappears after death.

Wang Chong fully affirmed the role of education. The function of education lies in determining the development direction of human nature. Education can not only transform human nature, but also be an inevitable way for human beings to realize their own values. Wang Chong's training goal is to learn and learn. Wang Chong regards the cultivation of outstanding political and academic talents as the highest goal of education. Wang Chong clearly pointed out that education should cultivate creative academic and theoretical talents.

Wang Chong asked people to acquire knowledge not only from books, but also from the real nature and human society. He thinks that real knowledge is more important than book knowledge. Wang Chong's educational thought has a distinct critical spirit. He dared to break away from tradition and criticize authority, giving people a refreshing feeling, and to some extent achieved the role of ideological emancipation.